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List of medieval Mongolian tribes and clans

 

 
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List of medieval Mongolian tribes and clans
 
 
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The qualifier Mongol Tribes was established as an umbrella term in the early 13th century, when Temüjin (later Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan , born , was the founder, Khan and Khagan of the Mongol Empire, the World's largest empires contiguous empire in history....
) united the different tribes into the Mongol Nation, the precursor of the Mongol Empire
Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
. There were 19 Nirun tribes (marked (N) in the list) that descended from Bodonchar and 18 Darligin tribes (marked (D) in the list), which were also core Mongolic tribes but not descending from Bodonchar. Besides the original Mongols
Mongols

The name Mongol specifies one or several ethnic groups, now mainly located in Mongolia, China, and Russia....
, many of those clans and tribes were of Turkic
Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern, central and western Eurasia, and who mostly speak languages belonging to the Turkic languages....
, and some of Tungusic
Tungusic peoples

The term Tungusic peoples is used to describe peoples speaking a Tungusic languages....
 or other origin.






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The qualifier Mongol Tribes was established as an umbrella term in the early 13th century, when Temüjin (later Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan , born , was the founder, Khan and Khagan of the Mongol Empire, the World's largest empires contiguous empire in history....
) united the different tribes into the Mongol Nation, the precursor of the Mongol Empire
Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
. There were 19 Nirun tribes (marked (N) in the list) that descended from Bodonchar and 18 Darligin tribes (marked (D) in the list), which were also core Mongolic tribes but not descending from Bodonchar. Besides the original Mongols
Mongols

The name Mongol specifies one or several ethnic groups, now mainly located in Mongolia, China, and Russia....
, many of those clans and tribes were of Turkic
Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern, central and western Eurasia, and who mostly speak languages belonging to the Turkic languages....
, and some of Tungusic
Tungusic peoples

The term Tungusic peoples is used to describe peoples speaking a Tungusic languages....
 or other origin. The unification created a new common social identity as Mongols.

From the Secret History of the Mongols


Tribes and clans mentioned in the Secret History of the Mongols:

Tribes and clans related to Temüjin's clan


  • Khoritumat, the people that Alun Goa descends from
  • Khurilar clan descended from Alun Goa's father Khurilardai Mergen
  • Dorben (four), descendants of Duva sokhor (the blind) (N)
  • Uriankhat, tribe of a man whom Dobun mergen (the wise) meets in the forest and who gives him a deer
  • Ma'alikh baya'ut, clan of Dobun's servant (D)
  • Jarchi'ut Adangkhan, Uriankha clan that Alun Goa's five sons (Belgunotai, Bugunotai, Bukhu khatagi, Bukhatu salji, and Bodonchar, the Fool) subdue (D)
  • Belgunot, descendants of Belgunotai
  • Bugunot, descendants of Bugunotai
  • Khatagin, descendants of Bukhu khatagi (N)
  • Salji'ut, descendants of Bukhatu salji (N)
  • Borjigin
    Borjigin

    Borjigin were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.The clan's probably legendary ancestor was Bodonchar Mungakgh , who along with his brothers sired the entire Mongol nation....
    , descendants of Bodonchar
    • Jadaran, descendants of Bodonchar's captive wife's first son, Jamukha's clan (N)
    • Ba'arin, descandants of Bodonchar and his captive wife (N)
    • Manan Ba'arin, descendants of Bodonchar's son with his captive wife
    • Jaoret, descendants of Bodonchar's concubine
    • Descendants of Bodonchar and his chosen wife:
      • Noyakin (N)
      • Barulas (several clans) (N)
      • Buda'at (N)
      • Adargin/Adarkin (N)
        • Chinos, a tribe whose seventy princes are boilt to death by Jamukha. (N)
        • To'oles
        • Telenggut
      • Uru'ut (N)
      • Manghut (N)
      • Taichi'ut
        Tayichiud

        The Tayichiud were a Mongolian tribe, mostly residing in the centre of Mongolia and southeastern area.The Tayichiud were rivals of the Naimans and several other tribes....
         (N)
        • Suldus (D)
        • 'Naked' Ba'arin
      • Besut (N)
      • Oronar
      • Khongkhotan (D)
      • Arula
      • Sünit
      • Khabturkhas
      • Geniges
      • Yürki, descendants of Khabul Khan's oldest son
      • Kiyat, Yesügei
        Yesugei

        Yesugei Baghatur , literally meaning Yesugei Warrior in the Mongolian language was Genghis Khan's father. Yes?gei was the son of Bartan-Baghatur, who was the son of Qabul Khan, who was recognized as a Khagan by the Jin Dynasty ....
        's subclan
      • Jurkin
        • Khadagin
  • Mangkhol or Mangghal, the Mongols


Kerait

The Kerait
Kerait

The Keraits or Kereits were a cluster of tribes in central Mongolia before the rise of the Mongol Empire. They lived in the area between the Orkhon River and the Kherlen rivers, to the east of the Naimans....
 were a tribe of mixed Mongol and Turkic ancestry. However, names and titles of Kerait rulers imply that they primarily spoke a Turkic language
Turkic languages

The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea to Siberia and Western China, and are sometimes considered to be part of the proposed Altaic languages....
. They were partly influenced by Nestorianism
Nestorianism

Nestorianism is the doctrine that Christ exists as two ,persons the man Jesus and the divine Son of God, or Jesus Christ the Logos, rather than as two natures of one divine essence....
. Prominent christian figures were Toghrul
Wang Khan

Wang Khan, also Ong Khan, was the title given to the Kerait ruler Toghrul by the Jurchen Jin Dynasty of China. Like the rest of their tribe he may have been Nestorian Christian....
 and Sorghaghtani Beki
Sorghaghtani Beki

Sorghaghtani Beki or Sorkhokhtani or Sorkhogtani bekhi , a Kereyid princess of the Nestorian Christian faith and daughter-in-law of Genghis Khan, was one of the most powerful and competent women in the Mongol Empire....
.

  • Tumen Tubegun
  • Dungkhait
  • Ubchikh
  • Jirgin
  • Ongchijid


Tatar


  • Airi'ut, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death
  • Buiri'ut, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death
  • Juyin other Tatars, or maybe a military organization, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death
  • Chakhan Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar
  • Alchi Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar
  • Duta'ut Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar
  • Alukhai Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar


Merkit

The Merkit
Merkit

The Merkit, Merged, or Mergid were a Turkic peoples or Mongol tribe with a fiercereputation that inhabited southeastern Siberia during the Middle Ages....
 were a Mongol tribe who opposed the rise of Temüjin, and kidnapped his new wife Börte
Börte

B?rte Ujin was the first wife of Genghis Khan , the founder of the Mongol Empire. B?rte became the head of the first Court of Genghis Khan, and Grand Empress of his Empire....
. They were defeated and absorbed into the Mongol nation early in the 13th century. Other than with most other tribes, that was the end of their line of ancestry

  • Uduyit
  • Uvas
  • Kha'at


Forest peoples


  • Khoritumat
  • Oirat
    Oirats

    Oirat is the common name of several pastoral nomadic tribes of Mongolian origin whose ancestral home is in the Dzungaria and Amdo regions of western Mongolia and also western China....
  • Buriyat
    Buryats

    The Buryats or Buriyads, numbering approximately 436,000, are the largest ethnic minority group in Siberia and are mainly concentrated in their homeland, the Buryatia, a Federal subjects of Russia of Russia....
  • Barkhun
  • Ursut
  • Khabkhanas
  • Khangkhas
  • Tuvas
  • Kirgis
  • Kesdiyin
  • Bayit
  • Tukhas
  • Tenlek
  • To'eles
  • Tas
  • Bajigit
  • Tumat, identical to Khoritumat
  • Barkhujin


Other peoples mentioned


  • Naimans
    Naimans

    The Naimans, also Naiman Turks or Naiman Mongols, was a Mongolian name given to a group of people dwelling on the steppe of Central Asia, having diplomatic relations with the Kara-Khitai, and subservient to them until 1177....
    • Guchugut


  • Ongut


Other smaller groups mentioned


Groups whose affiliation is not really made clear: these groups may or may not be related to any of the tribes and clans mentioned above:

  • Olkhuno'ut
    Olkhunut

    Olkhunut was the tribe of Hoelun, the mother of Genghis Khan, more widely known as Genghis Khan. They helped Genghis to defeat the Naimans. The Olkhunut people were very closely related to the Khunggirad clan....
    , the clan of Temüjin
    Genghis Khan

    Genghis Khan , born , was the founder, Khan and Khagan of the Mongol Empire, the World's largest empires contiguous empire in history....
    's mother (D)


  • Onggirat
    Onggirat

    The Onggirat or the Khunggirat is a central Asia tribe, one of the major divisions of the Mongols. Variations on the name include Wangjila , Yongjilie , and Guangjila in Chinese sources and Ongrat or Kungrat in Turkish language....
    , the tribe Börte
    Börte

    B?rte Ujin was the first wife of Genghis Khan , the founder of the Mongol Empire. B?rte became the head of the first Court of Genghis Khan, and Grand Empress of his Empire....
    , Temüjin
    Genghis Khan

    Genghis Khan , born , was the founder, Khan and Khagan of the Mongol Empire, the World's largest empires contiguous empire in history....
    's first wife, descends from (D)


  • some clans whose members join Temüjin after the first victory over the Merkit and the separation from Jamukha:
    • Jalair
    • Tarkhut
    • Bishi'ut
    • Baya'ut
    • Khinggiadai (D), Khinggit, subclan of Olhunoud
    • Gorlos (D), subclan of Olhunoud
    • Ikires
    • Sakhait
    • Arulat (D)
    • Oronar


  • some clans that take part in Sangums conspiracy:
    • Khardakit
    • Ebugedjin
    • Kharta'at (N?)


  • Khorulas, clan that joins Chinggis at the Baljun lake


  • Tokhura'ut
  • Negus, clan whose chief is killed together with the 70 Chinos princes


See also

  • Jüz
    Jüz

    A j?z is one of the three main territorial divisions in the Desht-i Kypchak that covers much of the contemporary Kazakhstan. Variably, a j?z is believed to be a confederation or alliance of Kazakh nomads....