Ligurian Independentist Movement
Encyclopedia
The Movement for Ligurian Independence is a regional political party
in Italy
.
It was founded in Genoa
on 14 January 2001 by a group of citizens, some of them from the Ligurian Lega Nord, belonging to different social classes. Their intent is to recognize the rights to independence from Italian Republic
of the populations living in the territory of the former Republic of Genoa
. Such Republic became the Ligurian Republic
in 1797, it was incorporated in French Empire
by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1805, and finally it was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia
after Congress of Vienna
in 1815.
The movement considers that the annexation of the Republic (reconstituted for a brief period in the 1815) to the Kingdom of Sardinia is illegal.
In fact, such cancellation would be made without any ratification by the lawful outgoing government
, and the following annexation would occur in the absence of any pronouncement of the population
, unlike the subsequent annexations of territories that led to the formation of the Kingdom of Italy
, sanctioned by popular vote.
a value of all the people
, without care of the party
in which everyone can identify.
The movement does not define itself secessionist, because it does not recognize the legitimacy of the annexation to the Kingdom of Sardinia before, and Kingdom of Italy. According to this assumption, Liguria
would keep the right to its independence. The claim is based on the principle that the rights of peoples are inalienable and on the following reasons:
Independent Liguriasuggested by the movement should be a Federal Republic
, which would ensure the maximum autonomy to all Ligurian communities, on the model of the Swiss Confederation.
The area concerned to the independence instance is the territory of the former Republic of Genoa, which includes the current Liguria and the lands, called Oltregiogo Ligure that have been assigned to the Province of Alessandria
and Piedmont
by Rattazzi Law
in 1859 and the island of Capraia
assigned to the Province of Livorno
as a result of the Royal Decree No. 2111 dated 15 November 1925.
Ligurian people is intended as consisting not on ethnic or birth base, but by all people who choose to live in the lands of Liguria.
The four core values that the movement aims to support are: democracy
, non-violence, pacifism
, solidarity. Additional values inspiring the movement are:
, of its community.
Furthermore, movement is working with local institutions (Region
, Province
s, Municipalities) for their recognition of inalienable Liguria's rights, and for issues related to daily battles and about the territory.
The movement uses various means to show its activities and achievements, such as leaflets, mailing list
and propaganda activities by different groups of volunteers.
Among the results: the naming of a square of Genoa dedicated to the former Republic of Genoa, and the posting of a plaque on the monument to Vittorio Emanuele II, which explains the role that the king had during the Sack of Genoa
in 1849.
Political party
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...
in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
.
It was founded in Genoa
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
on 14 January 2001 by a group of citizens, some of them from the Ligurian Lega Nord, belonging to different social classes. Their intent is to recognize the rights to independence from Italian Republic
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
of the populations living in the territory of the former Republic of Genoa
Republic of Genoa
The Most Serene Republic of Genoa |Ligurian]]: Repúbrica de Zêna) was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast, as well as Corsica from 1347 to 1768, and numerous other territories throughout the Mediterranean....
. Such Republic became the Ligurian Republic
Ligurian Republic
The Ligurian Republic was a short-lived French client republic formed by Napoleon on 14 June 1797. It consisted of the old Republic of Genoa which covered most of the Ligurian region of Northwest Italy, and the small Imperial fiefs owned by the House of Savoy inside its territory...
in 1797, it was incorporated in French Empire
First French Empire
The First French Empire , also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France...
by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1805, and finally it was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia
Kingdom of Sardinia
The Kingdom of Sardinia consisted of the island of Sardinia first as a part of the Crown of Aragon and subsequently the Spanish Empire , and second as a part of the composite state of the House of Savoy . Its capital was originally Cagliari, in the south of the island, and later Turin, on the...
after Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815. The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars,...
in 1815.
The movement considers that the annexation of the Republic (reconstituted for a brief period in the 1815) to the Kingdom of Sardinia is illegal.
In fact, such cancellation would be made without any ratification by the lawful outgoing government
Government
Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...
, and the following annexation would occur in the absence of any pronouncement of the population
Population
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
, unlike the subsequent annexations of territories that led to the formation of the Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
The Kingdom of Italy was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was its legal predecessor state...
, sanctioned by popular vote.
Characteristics and purposes of the movement
The movement declares itself cross-party because it considers independenceIndependence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory....
a value of all the people
People
People is a plurality of human beings or other beings possessing enough qualities constituting personhood. It has two usages:* as the plural of person or a group of people People is a plurality of human beings or other beings possessing enough qualities constituting personhood. It has two usages:*...
, without care of the party
Party
A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, or recreation. A party will typically feature food and beverages, and often music and dancing as well....
in which everyone can identify.
The movement does not define itself secessionist, because it does not recognize the legitimacy of the annexation to the Kingdom of Sardinia before, and Kingdom of Italy. According to this assumption, Liguria
Liguria
Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions. Its capital is Genoa. It is a popular region with tourists for its beautiful beaches, picturesque little towns, and good food.-Geography:...
would keep the right to its independence. The claim is based on the principle that the rights of peoples are inalienable and on the following reasons:
- Annexation to House of SavoyHouse of SavoyThe House of Savoy was formed in the early 11th century in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, it grew from ruling a small county in that region to eventually rule the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 until the end of World War II, king of Croatia and King of Armenia...
, attested by the Congress of Vienna in late 1814, and became operational on January 7, 1815, would be in breach of same purpose for which it was called the Congress (restore sovereignties existed prior to the year 1797) and with the firm opposition of the legitimate and sovereign government of the Republic of Genoa; - This illegality would not have been remedied by any plebiscite of annexation, neither to the Kingdom of Sardinia nor to the Kingdom of Italy. Plebiscites, however, were made to vote in the other Italian regions.
Independent Liguriasuggested by the movement should be a Federal Republic
Federal republic
A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. A federation is the central government. The states in a federation also maintain the federation...
, which would ensure the maximum autonomy to all Ligurian communities, on the model of the Swiss Confederation.
The area concerned to the independence instance is the territory of the former Republic of Genoa, which includes the current Liguria and the lands, called Oltregiogo Ligure that have been assigned to the Province of Alessandria
Province of Alessandria
The Province of Alessandria is an Italian province, with a population of some 430,000, which forms the southeastern part of the region of Piedmont. The provincial capital is the city of Alessandria....
and Piedmont
Piedmont
Piedmont is one of the 20 regions of Italy. It has an area of 25,402 square kilometres and a population of about 4.4 million. The capital of Piedmont is Turin. The main local language is Piedmontese. Occitan is also spoken by a minority in the Occitan Valleys situated in the Provinces of...
by Rattazzi Law
Urbano Rattazzi
Urbano Pio Francesco Rattazzi was an Italian statesman.-Biography:He was born in Alessandria . He studied law at Turin, and in 1838 began his practice, which met with marked success at the capital and Casale. In 1848, Rattazzi was sent to the Sardinian chamber of deputies in Turin as...
in 1859 and the island of Capraia
Capraia
Capraia, called Capraria in ancient times, is an island of Italy, part of the Tuscan Archipelago, off the northwest coast; it is also a comune belonging to the Province of Livorno. It is 62 km from the city of Livorno by sea, and 32 km northwest of the island of Elba; it is slightly...
assigned to the Province of Livorno
Province of Livorno
The Province of Livorno or Leghorn is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. It includes several islands of the Tuscan Archipelago, including Elba and Capraia. Its capital is the city of Livorno....
as a result of the Royal Decree No. 2111 dated 15 November 1925.
Ligurian people is intended as consisting not on ethnic or birth base, but by all people who choose to live in the lands of Liguria.
The four core values that the movement aims to support are: democracy
Democracy
Democracy is generally defined as a form of government in which all adult citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Ideally, this includes equal participation in the proposal, development and passage of legislation into law...
, non-violence, pacifism
Pacifism
Pacifism is the opposition to war and violence. The term "pacifism" was coined by the French peace campaignerÉmile Arnaud and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress inGlasgow in 1901.- Definition :...
, solidarity. Additional values inspiring the movement are:
- Centrality and importance of work.
- Solidarity and protection of the weakest.
- Absolute separation between Church and civil power.
- Religious tolerance and ostracism to any fundamentalism.
- Republican government.
- Ligurian internal system federalist, light and with little bureaucracy.
- Supervision on the work of the ruling class
- Political organization based on the rejection of tyranny.
Activities
The main activity of the movement is the promotion of traditions, especially cultural and historical, of the Ligurian territory and exploitation of specific features, particularly languageLanguage
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication...
, of its community.
Furthermore, movement is working with local institutions (Region
Region
Region is most commonly found as a term used in terrestrial and astrophysics sciences also an area, notably among the different sub-disciplines of geography, studied by regional geographers. Regions consist of subregions that contain clusters of like areas that are distinctive by their uniformity...
, Province
Province
A province is a territorial unit, almost always an administrative division, within a country or state.-Etymology:The English word "province" is attested since about 1330 and derives from the 13th-century Old French "province," which itself comes from the Latin word "provincia," which referred to...
s, Municipalities) for their recognition of inalienable Liguria's rights, and for issues related to daily battles and about the territory.
The movement uses various means to show its activities and achievements, such as leaflets, mailing list
Mailing list
A mailing list is a collection of names and addresses used by an individual or an organization to send material to multiple recipients. The term is often extended to include the people subscribed to such a list, so the group of subscribers is referred to as "the mailing list", or simply "the...
and propaganda activities by different groups of volunteers.
Among the results: the naming of a square of Genoa dedicated to the former Republic of Genoa, and the posting of a plaque on the monument to Vittorio Emanuele II, which explains the role that the king had during the Sack of Genoa
Sack of Genoa
The Sack of Genoa is a historic event happened between Thursday April 5 and Wednesday April 11, 1849.The uprising broke out in Genoa after that king Vittorio Emanuele II signed the armistice with the Austrian general Joseph Radetzky on March 25.In the unrest that led to a temporary restoration of...
in 1849.