Kingdom of Dali

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Kingdom of Dali

Dali (??? pinyin

Pinyin

Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most commonly used Romanization system for Standard Mandarin. Hanyu is the Chinese Language, and pinyin means "phonetics", or more literally, "spelling sound" or "spelled sound"....
: Dàliguó) was a Bai

Bai

The Bai are one of the List of Chinese ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They numbered 1,858,063 as of 2000....
kingdom centred in what is now Yunnan

Yunnan

is a political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately 394,000 square kilometers ....
Province of China

People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
. Established by Duan Siping in 937, it was ruled by a succession of 22 kings until the year 1253, when it was destroyed by an invasion of the Mongol Empire

Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
. The capital city was at Dali.

The Kingdom of Dali was preceded by the Nanzhao

Nanzhao

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Dali (??? pinyin

Pinyin

Bai

The Bai are one of the List of Chinese ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They numbered 1,858,063 as of 2000....
kingdom centred in what is now Yunnan

Yunnan

is a political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately 394,000 square kilometers ....
Province of China

People's Republic of China

Mongol Empire

Nanzhao

Nanzhao, alternate spellings Nanchao and Nan Chao was a Bai kingdom that flourished in southern China and Southeast Asia during the 8th and 9th centuries....
Dynasty, which was overthrown in 902. Three dynasties followed in quick succession, until Duan Siping seized power in 937 and established Dali. Gao Shengtai forced the puppet king Duan Zhengming to abdicate and become a monk in 1095, and renamed the state Dazhong. He returned the power to the Duan family upon his death. Duan Zhengchun

Duan Zhengchun

Duan Zhengchun was the king of the Kingdom of Dali between 1096 and 1108. He was the younger brother of king Duan Zhengming, and the first ruling king of the Later Dali Kingdom....
renamed the state Hou Li (lit. The later Dali) in the next year.

The 11th king of Nanzhao established Buddhism

Buddhism

Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices considered by most to be a religionand is based on the teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as "The Buddha" , who was born in what is today Nepal....
as the state religion

State religion

A state religion is a religion body or creed officially endorsed by the state. Practically, a state without a state religion is called a secular state....
. Ten of the 22 kings of Dali gave up the throne and became monk

Monk

A Monk is a person who practices religious asceticism, the unconditioning of mind and body in favor of the realization of one's true nature, and does so living either alone or with any number of like-minded people, whilst always maintaining some degree of physical separation from those not sharing the same purpose....
s.

It is claimed that despite their military prowess and superior numbers, the Mongols could not breach the defences of the Erhai valley, which was so suited to defence that even just a few defenders could hold out for years. It is said that the Mongols found a traitor who led them over the Cangshan

Cangshan

Cangshan is a mountain immediately west of Dali, Yunnan in China's southwest China Province of China of Yunnan.The highest summit, Malong, is 4,122 m, but the mountain includes another 18 peaks all over 3,500 m altitude....
mountains along a secret path, and only in this way were they able to penetrate and overrun the Bai defenders. Thus ended five centuries of independence. In 1274 the Province of Yunnan

Yunnan

is a political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately 394,000 square kilometers ....
was created, and the region has since been incorporated within China.