K. Shivaram Karanth
Encyclopedia
Kota Shivaram Karanth (October 10, 1902 – December 9, 1997) was a major Kannada
Kannada language
Kannada or , is a language spoken in India predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas and number roughly 50 million, is one of the 30 most spoken languages in the world...

 writer
Writer
A writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....

, social activist, environmentalist
Environmentalist
An environmentalist broadly supports the goals of the environmental movement, "a political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the quality of the natural environment through changes to environmentally harmful human activities"...

, Yakshagana
Yakshagana
Yakshagana is a musical theater popular in the coastal and Malenadu regions of Karnataka, India. Yakshagana is the recent scholastic name for what are known as kēḷike, āṭa, bayalāṭa, bayalāṭa, daśāvatāra . It is believed to have evolved from pre-classical music and theatre during Bhakti movement...

 artist, film maker and thinker
Thinker
Thinker may refer to:*Intellectual, one who tries to use his or her intellect to work, study, reflect, speculate on, or ask and answer questions with regard to a variety of different ideas...

. He was described as the "Rabindranath Tagore of Modern India who has been one of the finest novelists-activists since independence" by Ramachandra Guha
Ramachandra Guha
Ramachandra Guha is an Indian writer whose research interests have included environmental, social, political and cricket history. He is also a columnist for the newspapers The Telegraph , and The Hindustan Times.-Early life and education:Born in Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India in 1958, Guha studied...

. He was the third person among eight recipients of Jnanpith Award
Jnanpith Award
The Jnanpith Award is a literary award in India. Along with the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, it is one of the two most prestigious literary honours in the country...

 for Kannada
Kannada language
Kannada or , is a language spoken in India predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas and number roughly 50 million, is one of the 30 most spoken languages in the world...

 the highest literary honour conferred by the Govt. of India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

. He has also been adjudged as one of the ten makers of India in the last 60 years by CNN-IBN. He was conferred Padma Bhushan
Padma Bhushan
The Padma Bhushan is the third highest civilian award in the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan, but comes before the Padma Shri. It is awarded by the Government of India.-History:...

 by Government of India which later he returned in protest against the Emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi
Indira Gandhi
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhara was an Indian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms and a fourth term . She was assassinated by Sikh extremists...

.

Early life

Shivaram Karanth was born in Kota near Udupi in the Udupi district
Udupi district
Udupi district , ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ) in the Karnataka state of India was created in August 1997. The three northern taluks, Udupi, Kundapur and Karkal, were separated from Dakshina Kannada District to form Udupi district. Udupi district is surrounded by Uttara Kannada district in north, Dakshina Kannada...

 of Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...

 to a native Kannada
Kannada language
Kannada or , is a language spoken in India predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas and number roughly 50 million, is one of the 30 most spoken languages in the world...

 family. Being the fifth child of his parents Shesha Karantha and Lakshmamma, he completed his primary education in Kundapura
Kundapura
-Languages and culture :The town mainly consists of Kannadigas who speak Kundagannada, Konkanis and Tuluvas. The Goud Saraswat Brahmins who fled Goa during the Portuguese arrival in the 16th century arrived by Boat in Basrur and some settled in Kundapura and surrounding villages. These people and...

 and Mangalore
Mangalore
Mangalore is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located about west of the state capital, Bangalore. Mangalore lies between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghat mountain ranges, and is the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada district in south western...

. Shivaram Karanth was the younger brother of politician K. R. Karanth
K. R. Karanth
Kota Ramakrishna Karanth was an Indian lawyer and politician who served as the Minister of Land Revenue for the Madras Presidency from March 1, 1946 to March 23, 1947. He was the elder brother of noted Kannada novelist K. Shivarama Karanth....

 who served as minister in the Madras Presidency
Madras Presidency
The Madras Presidency , officially the Presidency of Fort St. George and also known as Madras Province, was an administrative subdivision of British India...

 in the 1940s. Shivaram Karanth was influenced by Gandhi's principles
Gandhism
Gandhism is the collection of inspirations, principles, beliefs and philosophy of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi , who was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian Independence Movement....

 and took part in Indian Independence movement
Indian independence movement
The term Indian independence movement encompasses a wide area of political organisations, philosophies, and movements which had the common aim of ending first British East India Company rule, and then British imperial authority, in parts of South Asia...

 while he was in college. He left his degree half way to participate in the Non-cooperation movement
Non-cooperation movement
The non-cooperation movement was a significant phase of the Indian struggle for freedom from British rule which lasted for years. This movement, which lasted from September 1920 to February 1922 and was led by Mohandas Gandhi, and supported by the Indian National Congress. It aimed to resist...

. He worked for khadi
Khadi
The term khādī or khaddar means cotton. khādī is Indian handspun and hand-woven cloth. The raw materials may be cotton, silk, or wool, which are spun into threads on a spinning wheel called a charkha. It is a versatile fabric, cool in the summer and warm in the winter...

 and swadeshi for five years, till about 1927. By that time Karanth had already started writing fiction
Fiction
Fiction is the form of any narrative or informative work that deals, in part or in whole, with information or events that are not factual, but rather, imaginary—that is, invented by the author. Although fiction describes a major branch of literary work, it may also refer to theatrical,...

-detective novels, to begin with — as well as plays
Play (theatre)
A play is a form of literature written by a playwright, usually consisting of scripted dialogue between characters, intended for theatrical performance rather than just reading. There are rare dramatists, notably George Bernard Shaw, who have had little preference whether their plays were performed...

. He married Leela Karanth when he was well past 30.

Career

Karanth was an intellectual and environmentalist who tremendously contributed to art and culture of Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...

. He is considered one of the greatest novelist in Kannada. Some of his novels like Marali Mannige, Bettada Jeeva, Alida Mele, Mookajjiya Kanasugalu, Mai Managala Suliyalli, Ade OOru Ade Mara, Shaneeshwarana Neralinalli, Kudiyara Koosu, Svapnada Hole, Sarsammana Samadhi and Chomana Dudi are widely read and continue to be discussed even today. He wrote 47 novels in all and is said to have tried to write at least one novel per year! His contribution to revival of Yakshagana
Yakshagana
Yakshagana is a musical theater popular in the coastal and Malenadu regions of Karnataka, India. Yakshagana is the recent scholastic name for what are known as kēḷike, āṭa, bayalāṭa, bayalāṭa, daśāvatāra . It is believed to have evolved from pre-classical music and theatre during Bhakti movement...

 will forever be remembered. Yakshagana
Yakshagana
Yakshagana is a musical theater popular in the coastal and Malenadu regions of Karnataka, India. Yakshagana is the recent scholastic name for what are known as kēḷike, āṭa, bayalāṭa, bayalāṭa, daśāvatāra . It is believed to have evolved from pre-classical music and theatre during Bhakti movement...

-Bayalata (1957) in Kannada
Kannada language
Kannada or , is a language spoken in India predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas and number roughly 50 million, is one of the 30 most spoken languages in the world...

, and Yakshagana
Yakshagana
Yakshagana is a musical theater popular in the coastal and Malenadu regions of Karnataka, India. Yakshagana is the recent scholastic name for what are known as kēḷike, āṭa, bayalāṭa, bayalāṭa, daśāvatāra . It is believed to have evolved from pre-classical music and theatre during Bhakti movement...

(1975) are two of his books on Yakshagana
Yakshagana
Yakshagana is a musical theater popular in the coastal and Malenadu regions of Karnataka, India. Yakshagana is the recent scholastic name for what are known as kēḷike, āṭa, bayalāṭa, bayalāṭa, daśāvatāra . It is believed to have evolved from pre-classical music and theatre during Bhakti movement...

. He is the first person to do some serious research in Yakshagana, collecting old Prasangas, searching the roots of yakshagana, its musical heritage etc. He tried to revive this medieval semi-folk art and made some experiments in Yakshagana using Ballet
Ballet
Ballet is a type of performance dance, that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century, and which was further developed in France and Russia as a concert dance form. The early portions preceded the invention of the proscenium stage and were presented in large chambers with...

 and other modern form of dances. He took Yakshagana troops to European countries, a unique effort in those days. He also made experiments in printing during 1930 - 40s and printed his own novels, but incurred serious financial losses. Interestingly, his earlier novels have cover pages of art work made by himself and this fact, that the novelist drawing the cover page of his own books may be a unique record in modern literature! At the age of 95, he wrote a book on birds (published during 2002 by Manohara Grantha Mala, Dharwad)

Karanth was a prolific writer. Apart from the 47 novels, he also wrote 31 plays
Play (theatre)
A play is a form of literature written by a playwright, usually consisting of scripted dialogue between characters, intended for theatrical performance rather than just reading. There are rare dramatists, notably George Bernard Shaw, who have had little preference whether their plays were performed...

, four short stories
Short Stories
Short Stories may refer to:*A plural for Short story*Short Stories , an American pulp magazine published from 1890-1959*Short Stories, a 1954 collection by O. E...

, six books of essays and sketches
Sketch (drawing)
A sketch is a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not usually intended as a finished work...

, thirteen books on art, including a history of world art in Kannada and a work on Chalukyan sculpture and architecture
Badami Chalukya Architecture
The Badami Chalukya architecture was a temple building idiom that evolved in the time period of 5th – 8th centuries AD. in the area of Malaprabha basin, in present day Bagalkot district of Karnataka state. This style is sometimes called the Vesara style and Chalukya style...

, a standard treatise on the Yakshagana
Yakshagana
Yakshagana is a musical theater popular in the coastal and Malenadu regions of Karnataka, India. Yakshagana is the recent scholastic name for what are known as kēḷike, āṭa, bayalāṭa, bayalāṭa, daśāvatāra . It is believed to have evolved from pre-classical music and theatre during Bhakti movement...

 (with which dramatic form, his name is identified), a three volume book of knowledge for children, a four volume encyclopedia
Encyclopedia
An encyclopedia is a type of reference work, a compendium holding a summary of information from either all branches of knowledge or a particular branch of knowledge....

 on science for grown ups, 240 children's books, six books on travel, two books on birds, three Travelogues, an autobiography. The list is incomplete. Dr. Karanth has 417 books to his credit.

Effect of his works

He was awarded Jnanapith
Jnanpith Award
The Jnanpith Award is a literary award in India. Along with the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, it is one of the two most prestigious literary honours in the country...

 for his book Mookajjiya Kanasugalu (literally "the dreams of a mute grandmother") which tries to unveil the secrets of nature. The story revolves around a Granny and her visions on various aspects of life, from religion to social relationships. Its all about the conversations between granny and Subbaraya alias Subbanna that runs throughout the book on various issues that he encounters in his life. Subbanna being skeptical about blind beliefs that people are having on several religious customs, poses several questions regarding it to his Granny. Granny being a great visionary answers to all of his questions with true substance. Subbanna, to fulfill his desire to know the truth about existence of an old civilization in that village, goes into the surrounding woods in search of any evidence. There he collects bones as part of his evidence from the caves and shows that to his granny. He also explains her, what he had seen in those caves and narrates his horrifying dreams about the same caves. Again his granny reveals the secret behind those bones and caves after looking at them - with shocking facts about the civilization. He has brilliantly carved the story to address many issues like evolution of human life, the origin and after effects of blind beliefs that are being followed in the society, values of human relationships in one’s life. The granny is given a supernatural power to see the past
and future, through which she answers to all complex questions about life. Being himself a non science student he has written a series of science related books which are very useful for children of 20th Century, as there were no such books in Kannada during those days.

His main literary works are Mookajjiya Kanasugalu, Marali Mannige, Chomana Dudi[Chomana Dudi was made into a movie],Alida Mele, Bettada Jeeva etc. He has written an autobiography
Autobiography
An autobiography is a book about the life of a person, written by that person.-Origin of the term:...

, Hucchu Manasina Hatthu Mukhagaluin earlier days and he wrote second part of his autobiography also which is called "Smrathipataladinda"!

He attempted to improve the lives of common people by entering into politics of his day, by contesting in an election, unsuccessfully, in Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...

 on the issues of environmentalism. His symbol was elephant and although he got substantial chunk of votes, he could not win, as he abstained from canvassing for the election. He led a movement to oppose an Atomic energy plant at Kaiga near Karwar as the plant may pose danger to the lives of people and as it leads to destruction of forest. But the movement failed miserably and ironically, the dome of Kaiga Atomic energy plant collapsed at the time of construction itself! He is also known for strong and sharp tongue and he being a good orator, earned a nickname "Kadala Theerada Bhargava". (Bhargava means Parashurama). He used to raise his voice on several issues ranging from conservation work at Hampi to Art forms of Karnataka to environmental issues.

His Novel "Sarasammana Samadhi" deals with the "sati" system, and the cunningness and hypocrisy of the Indian society
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

. "Marali Mannige" is a novel dealing with three generations and at the end the product of third generation comes back to native place. "Mai Managala Suliyalli" is a fine novel dealing with the lady singer/dance community of Basrur, and though it is wonderfully written, may be due to the delicate nature of the subject, it could not get due importance. "Bettada Jeeva" is one of the finest novels of 20th Century covering the life of old couple living in an arecanut garden surrounded by forest, eternally expecting their son to return from Bombay or some other urban place.

Conservation work

He rescued 2 tiger
Tiger
The tiger is the largest cat species, reaching a total body length of up to and weighing up to . Their most recognizable feature is a pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with lighter underparts...

-cubs from starvation when their mother was killed by poachers. He experimentally built the first children's toy-train in Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...

 which was later copied in Cubbon Park
Cubbon Park
Cubbon Park is a landmark 'lung' area of the Bangalore city, located within the heart of city in the Central Administrative Area. Originally created in 1870, when Major General Richard Sankey was the then British Chief Engineer of Mysore state, it covered an area of and subsequent expansion has...

, Bangalore
Bangalore
Bengaluru , formerly called Bengaluru is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and...

. His son, Ullas Karanth
Ullas Karanth
K. Ullas Karanth , Ph. D., is a conservation zoologist and a leading tiger expert based in Karnataka, India. He is the director of the Wildlife Conservation Society India Program. Dr. Karanth directs the WCS effort to help save the tiger, and has conducted country-wide surveys to better estimate...

  continues his work in the field of environmentalism with an internationally acclaimed body of research into the ecology, biology
Biology
Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines...

 and future of the tiger
Tiger
The tiger is the largest cat species, reaching a total body length of up to and weighing up to . Their most recognizable feature is a pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with lighter underparts...

 in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

.

Foray into Politics

Shivram Karanth plunged into Politics
Politics
Politics is a process by which groups of people make collective decisions. The term is generally applied to the art or science of running governmental or state affairs, including behavior within civil governments, but also applies to institutions, fields, and special interest groups such as the...

 once but was defeated in the Parliament election from Canara Constituency

National Honours

  • Jnanpith Award
    Jnanpith Award
    The Jnanpith Award is a literary award in India. Along with the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, it is one of the two most prestigious literary honours in the country...

     - 1978
  • Padma Bhushan
    Padma Bhushan
    The Padma Bhushan is the third highest civilian award in the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan, but comes before the Padma Shri. It is awarded by the Government of India.-History:...

     - He returned his Padma Bhushan
    Padma Bhushan
    The Padma Bhushan is the third highest civilian award in the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan, but comes before the Padma Shri. It is awarded by the Government of India.-History:...

     honor in protest against the Emergency, imposed by Indira Gandhi
    Indira Gandhi
    Indira Priyadarshini Gandhara was an Indian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms and a fourth term . She was assassinated by Sikh extremists...

    .

Literary Awards

  • Sahitya Academy award - 1958
  • Pampa Award
    Adikavi Pampa
    Pampa , called by the honorific Ādikavi is one of the greatest Kannada poets of all time.He is very famous even today for his philosophical beliefs...

  • Swedish Academy
    Swedish Academy
    The Swedish Academy , founded in 1786 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden.-History:The Swedish Academy was founded in 1786 by King Gustav III. Modelled after the Académie française, it has 18 members. The motto of the Academy is "Talent and Taste"...

     award
  • Tulsi Samman
    Tulsi Samman
    The Tulsi Samman is a prestigious arts award presented annually by the government of Madhya Pradesh state in India. The award is named after Tulsi Das, an Indian saint, poet and philosopher, best known as the author of Rāmacaritamānasa, an epic devoted to Lord Rama. This award is presented for...


Film Awards

National Film Award - (Posthumously)
  • National Film Award – Special Jury Award / Special Mention (Feature Film) Writer - Bettada Jeeva - K. Shivaram Karanth - 2011

Trivia

  • Shivram Karanth has to his credit around 87 books written by renowned authors on him. He is the only person in Asia on whom so many books have been written.
  • An institution, "Center of Advanced Studies", was established in his name at Mangalore University in 1990.

Books written

  • Mookajjiya Kanasugalu - dreams of a silent granny (Jnanpith award
    Jnanpith Award
    The Jnanpith Award is a literary award in India. Along with the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, it is one of the two most prestigious literary honours in the country...

     winning novel)
  • "Marali Mannige" - back to the soil
  • "Chomana Dudi
    Chomana Dudi
    Chomana Dudi is a feature film in the Kannada language. It is based on a novel of the same name, written by Shivaram Karanth. The film was released in the year 1975 and won the Swarna Kamal, India's National Award for the best film.-Plot:...

    " - drum of choma
  • "Apoorva Paschima" - Incomparable West - A Travelogue
  • "Abuvinda Baramakke" - A Travelogue
  • "Arasikaralla" - A Travelogue
  • "Mai Managala Suliyalli" - in the whirlpool of body and soul
  • "Bettada Jeeva" - life on the hills
  • "Sarasammana Samadhi" - grave of sarasamma
  • "Dharmayana Samsara" - family of Dharmayana
  • "Alida Mele" - after death
  • "Kudiyara Kusu" - infant of kudiya
  • "jnana" - ( Knowledge )
  • "mailikallinodane matukate" - Talks with the milestone ( small stories)
  • "adbhuta jagattu" - wonderful world ( science)
  • "vijnana prapancha" - The World Of Science ( science)
  • "Kaladarshana" - Book on Art with hundreds of photo/pictures.
  • Yaksagana, English transln., Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (1997)
  • Yakshagana Bayalata Pub by Mysore University
  • Bharatheya chitrakale
  • "Hucchu Manasina Hatthu Mukhagalu", autobiography, English translation: "Ten Faces of a Crazy Mind", by H Y Sharada Prasad), Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
    Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
    Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan is an Indian educational trust. It was founded on November 7, 1938 by Dr. K. M. Munshi, with the blessings of Mahatma Gandhi...

    1993,
  • "Chiguridha Kanasu"
  • "Mugida Yudda" - Completed war
  • "Moojanma"
  • "Dharmarayana samsara"
  • "Kevala Manushyaru"
  • "Illeyamba"
  • "Iddaru chinthe"
  • "Navu kattida swarga"
  • "Nashta diggajagalu"
  • "Kanniddu kurudaru"
  • "Gedda doddasthike"
  • "Kannadiyalli kandatha"
  • "Antida aparanji"
  • "Halliya hattu samastharu"
  • "Sameekshe"
  • "Moga Padeda Mana"
  • "Shaneeshwarana Neralinalli"
  • "Sameekshe"
  • "Nambidavara Naka Naraka"
  • "Kambaniya Kuyilu"

Kannada Cinema

  • Chomana Dudi
    Chomana Dudi
    Chomana Dudi is a feature film in the Kannada language. It is based on a novel of the same name, written by Shivaram Karanth. The film was released in the year 1975 and won the Swarna Kamal, India's National Award for the best film.-Plot:...

  • Chigurida Kanasu
    Chigurida Kanasu
    Chigurida Kanasu is an Indian Kannada movie directed by ace director T.S. Nagabharana starring Shivarajkumar and produced by Vajreshwari Combines that is owned by legendary Dr.Rajkumar...

  • Maleya Makkalu (from Kudiyara Koosu Novel)
  • Bettada Jeeva

Further reading

  • Malini Mallya, Hattiradinda Kanda Hattu Mukhagalu
  • Malini Mallya, Naanu Kanda Karantaru
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK