Junqueirópolis
Encyclopedia
Junqueirópolis is the name of a city
and the surrounding municipality in the western region of the state of São Paulo
, Brazil
.
The population as of 2004 was 16,644. Junqueirópolis has an area of 584.48 km² (5 km² of which is city) and an elevation of 421 m. Rio do Peixe (Fish River) and Rio Aguapeí (Aguapeí River) are major waterway
s of the region.
.
Over the next few years Alvaro de Oliveira Junqueira, a wealthy inhabitant of the city of São Paulo
, began buying up land here upon which he established coffee
plantation
s. On 1 November 1944 the municipal division of Patrimônio de Junqueira (Junqueira's Patrimony
) was established and land development
proceeded as lots were sold to investors.
Horácio Cajado de Oliveira, Enrique Coutinho and Jose Amatruda were among those that settled here during this period. Another early settler was Torataro Takitami, a representative of the country's growing Japanese Brazilian population.
Junqueirópolis was officially founded on 14 June 1949. The place name has been formed by joining Junqueira's surname
with the Greek language
-derived suffix
-polis
meaning "city".
Outside the urban area, Junqueirópolis is a hilly, agricultural
region that produces valuable crop
s that thrive in a subtropical climate
. For this reason the municipality promotes itself as Cidade Verde, "Green City".
Among the fruit
s grown here, acerola
is important enough to the local economy that Junqueirópolis has another nickname
-- Capital da Acerola, the "Acerola Capital". In the 1998-1999 season Junqueirópolis produced 2,450 tons of this fruit. The predominant type of acerola produced here is the "Olivier", a variety that is packed with the Vitamin C
(1.200mg/100ml of juice and 1.400mg/100g of pulp) for which this plant is primarily cultivated and can be cultivated with little pesticide
.
Junqueirópolis is also known for its grape
s. Among the most widely-cultivated varieties of grape in Junqueirópolis are Itália, Benitaka, Brazil and Ruby. Grapes from this region are made into table wine
s of excellent quality.
Other major crops grown in Junqueirópolis are maize
, cotton
, and coffee. The importance of produce production to this region is demonstrated in the depiction of the municipal coat of arms
shown above which has been illustrated with acerola, grapes, sugar cane, etc.
that swept the prisons of São Paulo state and involved deadly clashes between Primeiro Comando da Capital
(a prison gang
) and Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo
(the state police
).
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
and the surrounding municipality in the western region of the state of São Paulo
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. Named after Saint Paul, São Paulo has the largest population, industrial complex, and economic production in the country. It is the richest state in Brazil...
, Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
.
The population as of 2004 was 16,644. Junqueirópolis has an area of 584.48 km² (5 km² of which is city) and an elevation of 421 m. Rio do Peixe (Fish River) and Rio Aguapeí (Aguapeí River) are major waterway
Waterway
A waterway is any navigable body of water. Waterways can include rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, and canals. In order for a waterway to be navigable, it must meet several criteria:...
s of the region.
History
At the start of the 20th century this area was largely unexplored and undeveloped. It was not until 1941 that the Companhia Paulista de Estrada de Ferro (São Paulo Locomotive Company) ran railroad tracks through this remote hinterlandHinterland
The hinterland is the land or district behind a coast or the shoreline of a river. Specifically, by the doctrine of the hinterland, the word is applied to the inland region lying behind a port, claimed by the state that owns the coast. The area from which products are delivered to a port for...
.
Over the next few years Alvaro de Oliveira Junqueira, a wealthy inhabitant of the city of São Paulo
São Paulo
São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
, began buying up land here upon which he established coffee
Coffee
Coffee is a brewed beverage with a dark,init brooo acidic flavor prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant, colloquially called coffee beans. The beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in equatorial Latin America, Southeast Asia,...
plantation
Plantation
A plantation is a long artificially established forest, farm or estate, where crops are grown for sale, often in distant markets rather than for local on-site consumption...
s. On 1 November 1944 the municipal division of Patrimônio de Junqueira (Junqueira's Patrimony
Patrimony
Patrimony may refer to:* Property or other legal entitlements inherited from , one's father, especially if it has been handed down through generations in the same family, birthright...
) was established and land development
Land development
Land development refers to altering the landscape in any number of ways such as:* changing landforms from a natural or semi-natural state for a purpose such as agriculture or housing...
proceeded as lots were sold to investors.
Horácio Cajado de Oliveira, Enrique Coutinho and Jose Amatruda were among those that settled here during this period. Another early settler was Torataro Takitami, a representative of the country's growing Japanese Brazilian population.
Junqueirópolis was officially founded on 14 June 1949. The place name has been formed by joining Junqueira's surname
Surname
A surname is a name added to a given name and is part of a personal name. In many cases, a surname is a family name. Many dictionaries define "surname" as a synonym of "family name"...
with the Greek language
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
-derived suffix
Suffix
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns or adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs...
-polis
Polis
Polis , plural poleis , literally means city in Greek. It could also mean citizenship and body of citizens. In modern historiography "polis" is normally used to indicate the ancient Greek city-states, like Classical Athens and its contemporaries, so polis is often translated as "city-state."The...
meaning "city".
Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
region that produces valuable crop
Crop
Crop may refer to:* Crop, a plant grown and harvested for agricultural use* Crop , part of the alimentary tract of some animals* Crop , a modified whip used in horseback riding or disciplining humans...
s that thrive in a subtropical climate
Climate
Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological elemental measurements in a given region over long periods...
. For this reason the municipality promotes itself as Cidade Verde, "Green City".
Among the fruit
Fruit
In broad terms, a fruit is a structure of a plant that contains its seeds.The term has different meanings dependent on context. In non-technical usage, such as food preparation, fruit normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of certain plants that are sweet and edible in the raw state,...
s grown here, acerola
Acerola
Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit-bearing shrub or small tree in the family Malpighiaceae. Common names include acerola, Barbados cherry, West Indian cherry and wild crapemyrtle....
is important enough to the local economy that Junqueirópolis has another nickname
Nickname
A nickname is "a usually familiar or humorous but sometimes pointed or cruel name given to a person or place, as a supposedly appropriate replacement for or addition to the proper name.", or a name similar in origin and pronunciation from the original name....
-- Capital da Acerola, the "Acerola Capital". In the 1998-1999 season Junqueirópolis produced 2,450 tons of this fruit. The predominant type of acerola produced here is the "Olivier", a variety that is packed with the Vitamin C
Vitamin C
Vitamin C or L-ascorbic acid or L-ascorbate is an essential nutrient for humans and certain other animal species. In living organisms ascorbate acts as an antioxidant by protecting the body against oxidative stress...
(1.200mg/100ml of juice and 1.400mg/100g of pulp) for which this plant is primarily cultivated and can be cultivated with little pesticide
Pesticide
Pesticides are substances or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest.A pesticide may be a chemical unicycle, biological agent , antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest...
.
Junqueirópolis is also known for its grape
Grape
A grape is a non-climacteric fruit, specifically a berry, that grows on the perennial and deciduous woody vines of the genus Vitis. Grapes can be eaten raw or they can be used for making jam, juice, jelly, vinegar, wine, grape seed extracts, raisins, molasses and grape seed oil. Grapes are also...
s. Among the most widely-cultivated varieties of grape in Junqueirópolis are Itália, Benitaka, Brazil and Ruby. Grapes from this region are made into table wine
Table wine
Table wine is a wine term with two different meanings: a wine style; and a quality level within wine classification.In the United States, table wine primarily designates a wine style - ordinary wine which is neither fortified nor sparkling....
s of excellent quality.
Other major crops grown in Junqueirópolis are maize
Maize
Maize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
, cotton
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....
, and coffee. The importance of produce production to this region is demonstrated in the depiction of the municipal coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
shown above which has been illustrated with acerola, grapes, sugar cane, etc.
Penitentiary
The penitentiary in Junqueirópolis was the site of some of the violence of 20062006 São Paulo violence
The 2006 São Paulo violence outbreak began on the night of May 12, 2006 in São Paulo, Brazil, the largest city in South America. It was the worst outbreak of violence which has been recorded in Brazilian history and was directed against security forces and a few civilian targets...
that swept the prisons of São Paulo state and involved deadly clashes between Primeiro Comando da Capital
Primeiro Comando da Capital
Primeiro Comando da Capital, or PCC , is an anti-establishment Brazilian prison gang and criminal organization founded in 1993 by inmates of Taubaté prison in São Paulo...
(a prison gang
Prison gang
Prison gang is a term used to denote any type of gang activity in prisons and correctional facilities. Prison officials and others in law enforcement use the term security threat group or STG...
) and Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo
Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo
The Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo is a law enforcement agency of the military kind in the state of São Paulo, Brazil...
(the state police
Polícia Militar
In Brazil, the Military Police are preventive state police forces responsible for maintaining public order within the States and the Federal District, and are subordinate to the state governments...
).