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John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk

 

 
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John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
 
 
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John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk (12 September, 1415 – 6 November, 1461) was an important player in the Wars of the Roses
Wars of the Roses

The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of House of Lancaster and House of York....
.

He was the son of John Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk and Lady Katherine Neville
Lady Katherine Neville

Katherine Neville or Catherine de Neville was the eldest daughter of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland , daughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster by his mistress Katherine Swynford....
. He held the office of Earl Marshal
Earl Marshal

Earl Marshal is an ancient chivalric title used separately in England, Ireland and the United Kingdom....
 from 1432, when he inherited the title of 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Duke of Norfolk

The Duke of Norfolk is the Premier Duke in the peerage of England, and also, as Earl of Arundel, the Premier Earl. The Duke of Norfolk is, moreover, the Earl Marshal and Hereditary Marshal of England....
.

At the beginning of the War of the Roses in 1450 he supported Richard, Duke of York
Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York

Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York was a member of the English royal family, who served in senior positions in France at the end of the Hundred Years' War, and in England during Henry VI of England's madness....
, the leader of the Yorkist
House of York

The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became List of monarchs of England in the late 15th century....
 faction. However, in 1459, he swore allegiance to the Lancastrian
House of Lancaster

The House of Lancaster was a branch of the royal House of Plantagenet. It was one of the opposing factions involved in the Wars of the Roses, an intermittent civil war which affected England and Wales during the 15th century....
 Henry VI
Henry VI of England

Henry VI was Kingdom of England 1422?1461 and then 1470?1471, and King of France as the de jure monarch from 1422 to 1429....
.






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John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk (12 September, 1415 – 6 November, 1461) was an important player in the Wars of the Roses
Wars of the Roses

The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of House of Lancaster and House of York....
.

He was the son of John Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk and Lady Katherine Neville
Lady Katherine Neville

Katherine Neville or Catherine de Neville was the eldest daughter of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland , daughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster by his mistress Katherine Swynford....
. He held the office of Earl Marshal
Earl Marshal

Earl Marshal is an ancient chivalric title used separately in England, Ireland and the United Kingdom....
 from 1432, when he inherited the title of 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Duke of Norfolk

The Duke of Norfolk is the Premier Duke in the peerage of England, and also, as Earl of Arundel, the Premier Earl. The Duke of Norfolk is, moreover, the Earl Marshal and Hereditary Marshal of England....
.

At the beginning of the War of the Roses in 1450 he supported Richard, Duke of York
Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York

Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York was a member of the English royal family, who served in senior positions in France at the end of the Hundred Years' War, and in England during Henry VI of England's madness....
, the leader of the Yorkist
House of York

The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became List of monarchs of England in the late 15th century....
 faction. However, in 1459, he swore allegiance to the Lancastrian
House of Lancaster

The House of Lancaster was a branch of the royal House of Plantagenet. It was one of the opposing factions involved in the Wars of the Roses, an intermittent civil war which affected England and Wales during the 15th century....
 Henry VI
Henry VI of England

Henry VI was Kingdom of England 1422?1461 and then 1470?1471, and King of France as the de jure monarch from 1422 to 1429....
. He then quickly changed sides back to the Yorkists. This sort of treachery was by no means unusual during the Wars of the Roses
Wars of the Roses

The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of House of Lancaster and House of York....
.

In February 1461 he fought for the defeated Yorkists in the Second Battle of St Albans
Second Battle of St Albans

The Second Battle of St Albans was a battle of the English Wars of the Roses fought on February 17, 1461 at St Albans. The army of the house of York faction under the Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick attempted to bar the road to London at Saint Albans....
. In March 1461 (Richard, Duke of York now being dead) he was one of those who asked the Duke’s son the Earl of March to become Edward IV
Edward IV of England

Edward IV was Kingdom of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death....
 and later that month his intervention at the Battle of Towton
Battle of Towton

The Battle of Towton in the Wars of the Roses was the largest and bloodiest ever fought on united kingdom soil, with casualties believed to have been about 28,000 men; only the Battle of Watling Street in AD 60 or 61 was reputed to have more casualties, with 80,000 Britons reported killed....
 was decisive. The battle took place in a snow storm between 80,000 men. Neither side could get an advantage until about midday Norfolk entered the battle on the Yorkist’s right flank. The Lancastrians then began to slowly fall back. As Earl Marshal Mowbray then officiated at Edward IV’s coronation.

Marriage and issue

He married Eleanor Bourchier, daughter of William Bourchier, Count of Eu
William Bourchier, Count of Eu

William Bourchier , founder of the fortunes of the Bourchier family, was Count of Eu, in Normandy.He was the son of William Bourchier, comte d'Eu, and Eleanor of Louvain....
 and Anne of Gloucester
Anne of Gloucester

Anne of Gloucester was the eldest daughter of Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, Duke of Gloucester and Eleanor de Bohun. Her father was the youngest son of Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault....
, Countess of Buckingham. She was the sister of his successor as Justice in Eyre
Justice in Eyre

In English law, the Justices in Eyre were the highest magistrates in forest law, and presided over the court of justice-seat, a triennial court held to punish offenders against the forest law and enquire into the state of the forest and its officers....
, Henry Bourchier
Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex

Henry Bourchier, 5th Baron Bourchier, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex , was the eldest son of William Bourchier, Count of Eu and Anne of Gloucester....
. They had one child, John Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk.

See also

  • Dukes of Norfolk family tree
    Dukes of Norfolk family tree

    The following chart is a family tree of the Dukes of Norfolk, who were members of the Plantagenet, Mowbray and Howard families. It shows how every Duke of Norfolk was a descendant of King Edward I of England....