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The Duke of Norfolk is the Premier Duke in the peerage of England
Peerage of England

The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union 1707 in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Peerage of Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....
, and also, as Earl of Arundel
Earl of Arundel

The title Earl of Arundel is the oldest extant Earldom and perhaps the oldest extant title in the Peerage of England. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and is used by his Heir Apparent as a courtesy title....
, the Premier Earl. The Duke of Norfolk is, moreover, the Earl Marshal
Earl Marshal

Earl Marshal is an ancient chivalric title used separately in England, Ireland and the United Kingdom....
 and Hereditary Marshal of England. The seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle
Arundel Castle

Arundel Castle in West Sussex, England is a restored medieval castle. The castle dates from the reign of Edward the Confessor and was completed by Roger de Montgomery, who became the first to hold the Earl of Arundel by the graces of William I of England....
 in Sussex, although the title refers to the county of Norfolk
Norfolk

Norfolk is a low-lying Counties of England in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and with Suffolk to the south....
.






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Holbein, Hans Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk


The Duke of Norfolk is the Premier Duke in the peerage of England
Peerage of England

The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union 1707 in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Peerage of Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....
, and also, as Earl of Arundel
Earl of Arundel

The title Earl of Arundel is the oldest extant Earldom and perhaps the oldest extant title in the Peerage of England. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and is used by his Heir Apparent as a courtesy title....
, the Premier Earl. The Duke of Norfolk is, moreover, the Earl Marshal
Earl Marshal

Earl Marshal is an ancient chivalric title used separately in England, Ireland and the United Kingdom....
 and Hereditary Marshal of England. The seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle
Arundel Castle

Arundel Castle in West Sussex, England is a restored medieval castle. The castle dates from the reign of Edward the Confessor and was completed by Roger de Montgomery, who became the first to hold the Earl of Arundel by the graces of William I of England....
 in Sussex, although the title refers to the county of Norfolk
Norfolk

Norfolk is a low-lying Counties of England in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and with Suffolk to the south....
. The current Duke of Norfolk is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk

Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk Deputy Lieutenant is the son of Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk and his wife Anne Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk....
. The dukes have historically been Roman Catholic, a state of affairs known as recusancy
Recusancy

In the history of England, recusancy was a term used to describe the statutory offence of not complying with and conforming to the Established church or State religion, the Church of England....
 in England. However for Protestant England to have its highest ranking Peer remain a Roman Catholic carried certain undeniable diplomatic benefits that may have protected the Dukes from further religious persecution after the reign of Elizabeth I.

All past and present dukes have been descended from Edward I
Edward I of England

Edward I , popularly known as Longshanks, the English Justinian, and the Hammer of the Scots , was a House of Plantagenet King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost succeeding in doing the same to Scotland....
; see Dukes of Norfolk family tree
Dukes of Norfolk family tree

The following chart is a family tree of the Dukes of Norfolk, who were members of the Plantagenet, Mowbray and Howard families. It shows how every Duke of Norfolk was a descendant of King Edward I of England....
.

History

John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk
Before the Dukes of Norfolk, there were the Bigod Earls of Norfolk
Earl of Norfolk

Earl of Norfolk is a title which has been created several times in the Peerage of England. Created in 1070, the first major dynasty to hold the title was the 12th and 13th century Bigod family, and it then was later held by the Mowbrays, who were also made Duke of Norfolk....
, starting with Roger Bigod
Roger Bigod

Roger Bigod may refer to:*Roger Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk , Norman knight who had travelled over with William the Conqueror*Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk ...
 from Normandy
Normandy

Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is situated along the coast of France south of the English Channel between Brittany and Picardy and comprises territory in northern France and the Channel Islands....
 (died 1107). Their male line ended with Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk
Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk

Roger Bigod , was 5th Earl of Norfolk.He was the son of Hugh Bigod , and succeeded his uncle, Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk as earl in 1270....
, who died without an heir in 1307, so their titles and estates reverted to the crown. Edward II
Edward II of England

Edward II, of Caernarfon, was Kingdom of England from 1307 until he was deposition in January 1327. His tendency to ignore his nobility in favour of low-born favourites led to constant political unrest and his eventual deposition....
 then created his brother Thomas of Brotherton earl in 1312. It passed to Thomas's daughter Margaret
Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk

Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk was Earl of Norfolk from 1338 to 1399. She was the daughter of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, by his first wife Alice Hayles....
, and then to her grandson Thomas Mowbray
Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk

Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk was an England nobleman.Mowbray was the son of John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray , and Lady Elizabeth de Segrave, Baroness Mowbray ....
.

When King Richard II
Richard II of England

Richard II was the eighth King of England of the House of Plantagenet. He ruled from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard was a son of Edward, the Black Prince and was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III of England....
 created Thomas Mowbray duke in 1397, he conferred upon him the estates and titles (including Earl Marshal
Earl Marshal

Earl Marshal is an ancient chivalric title used separately in England, Ireland and the United Kingdom....
) that had belonged to the earls. His elderly grandmother Margaret was still alive, and so at the same time she was created Duchess of Norfolk for life.

Between 1401 and 1476, the Mowbray family held the title and estates of the Duke of Norfolk. John Mowbray, the 4th duke, died without male issue in 1476, his only surviving child being the 3-year-old Anne Mowbray. At the age of three, a marriage was arranged
Arranged marriage

Arranged marriage is a marriage arranged by someone other than the couple getting wedded, curtailing or avoiding the process of courtship. Such marriages had deep roots in royal and aristocratic families around the world, including Europe....
 between Anne and Richard, Duke of York, the four -year-old son of King Edward IV of England
Edward IV of England

Edward IV was Kingdom of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death....
. She remained Richard's child bride
Child marriage

Child marriage usually refers to two separate social phenomena which are practiced in some societies. The first and more widespread practice is that of marrying a young child to an adult....
 until she died at the age of 8.

In accordance with the marriage arrangements, Richard inherited the lands and wealth of the Mowbray family. He was also made Duke of Norfolk. However, upon the death of Edward IV, controversy over the legitimacy arose, as evidence of an earlier marriage on the part of Edward IV emerged. Soon after their father's death Richard, and his brother Edward, were declared illegitimate. Richard was sent to the Tower of London
Tower of London

Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London , is a historic monument in central London, England, on the north bank of the River Thames....
 by the new king, Richard III
Richard III of England

Richard III was List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England of Kingdom of England from 1483 until his death. He was the last king from the House of York, and his defeat at the Battle of Bosworth Field marked the culmination of the Wars of the Roses and the end of the Plantagenet dynasty....
, in mid-1483, thus ending his claim to both York and Norfolk.

For his support of Richard III's claim to the throne, John Howard
John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk

John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk was an England nobleman.He was the son of Sir Robert Howard and the former Lady Margaret Howard , the eldest daughter of the Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk and the former Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan ....
, the son of Thomas Mowbray's elder daughter Margaret, was created 1st Duke of Norfolk in 1483, in the title's third creation. From this point to the present, the title has remained in the hands of the descendants of John Howard.

The current Duke of Norfolk is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk

Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk Deputy Lieutenant is the son of Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk and his wife Anne Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk....
, who succeeded his father, Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk, in 2002.

Duties and other titles


In addition to the title of Duke of Norfolk, the Dukes of Norfolk also hold the hereditary position of Earl Marshal
Earl Marshal

Earl Marshal is an ancient chivalric title used separately in England, Ireland and the United Kingdom....
, which has the duty of organizing state occasions such as the state opening of parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislature in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories....
. For the last five centuries, save some periods when it was under attainder
Attainder

In English criminal law, attainder or attinctura is the metaphorical 'stain' or 'corruption of blood' which arises from being condemned for a serious capital crime ....
, both the Dukedom and the Earl-Marshalship have been in the hands of the Howard family. According to The House of Lords Act 1999, due to his duties as Earl Marshal, Norfolk is one of only two hereditary peers automatically admitted to the House of Lords
House of Lords

The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords". The Parliament comprises the British monarchy, the British House of Commons , and the Lords....
, without being elected by the general body of hereditary peers (the other being the Lord Great Chamberlain
Lord Great Chamberlain

The Lord Great Chamberlain of England is the sixth of the Great Officers of State, ranking beneath the Lord Privy Seal and above the Lord High Constable....
).

Additionally, the Duke of Norfolk participates in the ceremony of the State Opening of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislature in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories....
. He is among the four individuals who precede the monarch, and one of the two of these who walks always facing the sovereign (thus backwards).

As the Earl Marshal, the Duke of Norfolk is head of the College of Arms
College of Arms

The College of Arms, or Heralds' College, is an office regulating heraldry and granting new armorial bearings for England, Wales and Northern Ireland....
, through which he regulates all matters connected with armorial bearings and standards, in addition to controlling the arrangements for state functions.

He is one of three claimants to the title Chief Butler of England
Chief Butler of England

The Chief Butler of England is an office of Grand Sergeanty associated with the feudal Manor of Kenninghall in Norfolk. The office requires service to be provided to the Monarch at the Coronation, in this case the service of Pincera Regis, or Chief Butler at the Coronation banquet....
.

The Duke of Norfolk currently holds the following subsidiary titles:
  • Earl of Arundel
    Earl of Arundel

    The title Earl of Arundel is the oldest extant Earldom and perhaps the oldest extant title in the Peerage of England. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and is used by his Heir Apparent as a courtesy title....
     (created 1580)
  • Earl of Surrey
    Earl of Surrey

    The Earldom of Surrey was first created in 1088 for William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey. Perhaps because he held little property in Surrey, the earldom came to be more commonly called of Warenne....
     (1483)
  • Earl of Norfolk
    Earl of Norfolk

    Earl of Norfolk is a title which has been created several times in the Peerage of England. Created in 1070, the first major dynasty to hold the title was the 12th and 13th century Bigod family, and it then was later held by the Mowbrays, who were also made Duke of Norfolk....
     (1644)
  • Baron Beaumont
    Baron Beaumont

    The title of Baron Beaumont is an ancient one in the Peerage of England, created in 1309 for a younger part of the de Brienne-family. The sixth Baron Beaumont was created Viscount Beaumont in 1342; after the death of the 2nd Viscount both titles fell into abeyance....
     (1309)
  • Baron Maltravers
    Baron Maltravers

    The title Baron Mautravers was created in the Peerage of England on January 25, 1330, by writ of summons, for John Mautravers, 1st Baron Mautravers....
     (1330)
  • Baron FitzAlan (1627)
  • Baron Clun (1627)
  • Baron Oswaldestre (1627)
  • Baron Howard of Glossop
    Baron Howard of Glossop

    The title Baron Howard of Glossop was created for a younger son of the 13th Duke of Norfolk in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1869....
     (1869)


All titles are in the Peerage of England
Peerage of England

The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union 1707 in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Peerage of Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....
, save for the Barony of Howard of Glossop which is in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Peerage of the United Kingdom

The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union 1800 in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great Britain....
. All descend to heirs male except the Barony of Beaumont, which can pass in the female line. The style Earl of Arundel is used as a courtesy title
Courtesy title

A courtesy title is a form of address in systems of nobility used by children, former wives and other close relatives of a peerage . These style are used 'by courtesy' in the sense that the users do not themselves hold substantive titles....
 by the Duke's eldest son, the present one of which is Henry Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel. The style Lord Maltravers is used as a courtesy title
Courtesy title

A courtesy title is a form of address in systems of nobility used by children, former wives and other close relatives of a peerage . These style are used 'by courtesy' in the sense that the users do not themselves hold substantive titles....
 by the eldest son of the Duke's eldest son (the Duke's grandson).

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of the Duke of Norfolk consist of four different elements: the arms (or shield), the crest(s), the supporters, the motto, and the batons of the Earl Marshal. Each will be addressed in turn:

  • The Arms: Quarterly 1st Gules on a Bend between six Cross-crosslets fitchy
    Cross of St James

    The Cross of St. James, similar to a Cross Flory Fitch or Cross Fitchy is formed by a Cross#In_heraldry, where the lower part is fashioned as a sword blade - making this a cross of a warrior....
     Argent an Escutcheon Or charged with a Demi-lion rampant pierced through the mouth by an arrow within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the first (Howard
    Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

    Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk was an England soldier and statesman, and son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk by his first wife, Katherine de Moleyns, the daughter of William de Moleyns and Margery Whalesborough....
    ); 2nd Gules three Lions passant gardant in pale Or, Armed and Langued Azure, in chief a Label of three points Argent (Thomas of Brotherton
    Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk

    Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk was the son of Edward I of England and Marguerite of France . Thomas was born at the Manor House in Brotherton....
    ); 3rd Checky Or and Azure (Warenne
    Earl of Surrey

    The Earldom of Surrey was first created in 1088 for William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey. Perhaps because he held little property in Surrey, the earldom came to be more commonly called of Warenne....
    ); 4th Gules a Lion rampant Or, Armed and Langued Azure (Fitzalan
    Earl of Arundel

    The title Earl of Arundel is the oldest extant Earldom and perhaps the oldest extant title in the Peerage of England. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and is used by his Heir Apparent as a courtesy title....
    ).
  • The Crests: 1st On a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Lion statant gardant with tail extended Or gorged with a Ducal Coronet Argent (Thomas of Brotherton); 2nd Issuant from a Ducal Coronet Or a pair of Wings Gules each charged with a Bend between six Cross-crosslets fitchy Argent (Howard); 3rd On a Mount Vert a Horse passant Argent holding in the mouth a Slip of Oak fructed proper (Fitzalan).
  • The Supporters: Dexter a Lion sinister a Horse both Argent the latter holding in his mouth a Slip of Oak Vert fructed proper.
  • The Motto: Sola Virtus Invicta (Virtue alone is unconquered).
  • The Batons: Placed behind the shield two gold Batons in Saltire enamelled at the end Sable (black), which represent the Duke of Norfolk's office as Earl Marshal and Hereditary Marshal of England.


Often, the coat of arms
Coat of arms

A coat of arms, more properly called an armorial achievement, armorial bearings or often just arms for short, in European tradition, is a design belonging to a particular person and used by them in a wide variety of ways....
 of the Duke of Norfolk appears with the garter of the Order of the Garter
Order of the Garter

The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom....
 surrounding the shield, as seen in the arms of Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk. However, this is by no means hereditary. His Grace, the 17th Duke of Norfolk did not become a Knight of the Garter until 22 April 1983. The current Duke of Norfolk, His Grace Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk

Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk Deputy Lieutenant is the son of Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk and his wife Anne Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk....
, has not (yet) been awarded the Order of the Garter
Order of the Garter

The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom....
. Thus, the Order of the Garter
Order of the Garter

The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom....
, or any order of knighthood for that matter, is not necessarily a component of the coat of arms of the Duke of Norfolk.

The shield on the bend in the first quarter of the arms (shown to the right) was granted as an Augmentation of Honour
Augmentation of Honour

In heraldry, an augmentation is a modification or addition to a coat of arms, typically given by a monarch as either a mere mark of favour, or a reward or recognition for some meritorious act....
 by Henry VIII
Henry VIII of England

Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lordship of Ireland and claimant to the Early Modern France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII of England....
 to Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk was an England soldier and statesman, and son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk by his first wife, Katherine de Moleyns, the daughter of William de Moleyns and Margery Whalesborough....
 to commemorate his victory at the Battle of Flodden Field
Battle of Flodden Field

The Battle of Flodden or Flodden Field was fought in the county of Northumberland in northern England on 9 September 1513, between an invading Scottish people army under King James IV of Scotland and an English army commanded by Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey....
. It is a modification of the Royal coat of arms of Scotland
Royal coat of arms of Scotland

The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland was the official coat of arms of the King of Scotland, and were used as the official coat of arms of the Kingdom of Scotland until the Acts of Union 1707 of 1707....
. Instead of its normal rampant position, the lion is shown with an arrow through its mouth.

Residences


The main residences commonly associated with the Dukes of Norfolk are: Framlingham Castle
Framlingham Castle

Framlingham Castle is an important castle in the market town of Framlingham, Suffolk, England. In common with many other buildings in Suffolk, the main walls of the castle are built with flint....
, Bungay Castle
Bungay Castle

Bungay Castle is in the town of Bungay, Suffolk, Suffolk by the River Waveney.Originally this was a Normans castle held by the Bigod family. It was confiscated by Henry II of England in 1157 but restored to the Bigods around 1164....
, as well as Clun Castle
Clun Castle

Clun Castle is a ruined castle in the small town of Clun, Shropshire . It is owned by the Duke of Norfolk and is managed by English Heritage....
 in Shropshire
Shropshire

Shropshire , alternatively known as Salop or abbreviated, in print only, Shrops, is a Counties of England in the West Midlands of England....
, which are now largely ruins; Carlton Towers
Carlton Towers

Carlton Towers is in Carlton, Selby , North Yorkshire, England. It is a listed building Victorian era Gothic revival country house designed by Edward Welby Pugin....
 and most notably Arundel Castle
Arundel Castle

Arundel Castle in West Sussex, England is a restored medieval castle. The castle dates from the reign of Edward the Confessor and was completed by Roger de Montgomery, who became the first to hold the Earl of Arundel by the graces of William I of England....
.

Framlingham Castle was originally a part of the properties of the Earls of Norfolk, but when the title fell from use, the castle was administered by the crown. In 1397, it was given to Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, by King Richard II. And when the Mowbray line became extinct, it passed eventually to the Howard family. Major repairs to this castle were carried out in 1485 by John Howard. The castle would remain in the Howard family, and thus the Dukes of Norfolk, for a while, but would eventually pass from their possession. In 1553, for example, Framlingham was given to Mary Tudor
Mary I of England

Mary I , was Queen of England and Monarchy of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death. The fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, she is remembered for restoring England to Roman Catholicism after succeeding her short-lived half brother, Edward VI of England, to the English throne....
, sister of King Edward VI
Edward VI of England

Edward VI became List of English monarchs and King of Ireland on 28 January 1547 and was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. The son of Henry VIII of England and Jane Seymour, Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty and England's first Protestantism ruler....
.

Bungay Castle was also originally apart of the properties of the Earls of Norfolk. In 1483, it passed into the possession of the Howards, Dukes of Norfolk, and the family continued to own it, apart from brief periods, until the late 20th century. However, the castle has been in a state of decay for quite some time. And for this reason, the 17th Duke of Norfolk, in 1987 presented the castle to the town, which had already begun restoration attempts on their own, with an endowment towards its preservation. It is now owned and administered by the Castle Trust.

Carlton Towers is in Carlton (near Goole), Yorkshire
Yorkshire

Yorkshire is a Historic counties of England of northern England and the largest in Great Britain. Because of its great size, over time functions were increasingly undertaken by its subdivisions, which have been subject to History of local government in Yorkshire....
, England. It is a Victorian
Victorian era

The Victorian Era of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the period of Victoria of the United Kingdom reign from June 1837 to January 1901....
 gothic country house designed by Edward Welby Pugin. It is the Yorkshire home of the Duke of Norfolk. Though the Duke of Norfolk's family still live in part of the house, it is now largely used for wedding receptions and similar events.

The principal seat of the Dukes of Norfolk and their ancestors for over 850 years is Arundel Castle
Arundel Castle

Arundel Castle in West Sussex, England is a restored medieval castle. The castle dates from the reign of Edward the Confessor and was completed by Roger de Montgomery, who became the first to hold the Earl of Arundel by the graces of William I of England....
. Built in the 11th Century by Roger de Montgomery
Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury

Roger de Montgomerie, known as Roger the Great de Montgomery, was the first Earl of Shrewsbury. His father was also Roger de Montgomerie, and was a relative, probably a grandnephew, of the Duchess Gunnor, wife of Duke Richard I of Normandy....
, Earl of Arundel
Earl of Arundel

The title Earl of Arundel is the oldest extant Earldom and perhaps the oldest extant title in the Peerage of England. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and is used by his Heir Apparent as a courtesy title....
, the castle was seized by the crown in 1102. King Henry II
Henry II of England

Henry II, called Curtmantle ruled as King of England , Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France....
, who added on to the castle, in 1155 confirmed William d'Aubigny
William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel

William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel, also known as William d'Albini, was son of William d'Aubigny Pincerna of Buckenham Castle and Maud Bigod, daughter of Roger Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk....
 as Earl of Arundel, with the honour and the castle of Arundel. Arundel Castle is still to this day the home of The Duke and Duchess of Norfolk and their children. Its Fitzalan Chapel, founded in 1390 by the 4th Earl of Arundel, is still the burial place of the Dukes of Norfolk.

Glossop as an occasional residence is situated in the High Peak District of Derbyshire. As the family became closely connected with Sheffield, The Farm in Glossop became increasingly used, particularly when Henry Howard lived there in the 1760's; when the fourteenth Duke, enlarged The Farm as an occasional residence; and during the time of the fifteenth Duke, Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard, who had interest in the activities of the City.

List of the Dukes of Norfolk


The Duchy of Norfolk has gone through three creations: in 1397, when it was the possession of the Mowbray family; in 1477 when it was a duchy of the Duke of York; and in 1483, when it came into possession of the Howard family. The following are the men who have held the title of Duke of Norfolk:

Dukes of Norfolk, first Creation (1397)

  • Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk
    Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk

    Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk was an England nobleman.Mowbray was the son of John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray , and Lady Elizabeth de Segrave, Baroness Mowbray ....
     (1365-1399) (forfeit 1399)
  • Margaret Manny, Duchess of Norfolk (c. 1320-1398) (suo jure Countess of Norfolk and grandmother of 1st Duke; created Duchess of Norfolk for life in 1397)
  • John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
    John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

    John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk was an England nobleman.He was the younger son of Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, and succeeded his elder brother Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk as 5th Earl of Norfolk and 3rd Earl of Nottingham in 1405....
     (1392-1432) (restored 1425)
  • John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
    John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk

    John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk was an important player in the Wars of the Roses.He was the son of John Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk and Lady Katherine Neville....
     (1415-1461)
  • John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk
    John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk

    John Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk , was the only son of John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk and Eleanor Bourchier. His maternal grandparents were William Bourchier, Count of Eu and Anne of Gloucester....
     (1444-1476)


Dukes of Norfolk, second Creation (1481)



Dukes of Norfolk, third Creation (1483)

Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk 02
*John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk

John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk was an England nobleman.He was the son of Sir Robert Howard and the former Lady Margaret Howard , the eldest daughter of the Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk and the former Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan ....
 (1430-1485) (forfeit 1485)
  • Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
    Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

    Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk was an England soldier and statesman, and son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk by his first wife, Katherine de Moleyns, the daughter of William de Moleyns and Margery Whalesborough....
     (1443-1524) (restored 1514)
  • Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
    Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk

    Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk was a prominent Tudor dynasty politician. He was uncle to two of the wives of Henry VIII, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, as well as the king's mistress Mary Boleyn, and played a major role in the machinations behind these relationships....
     (1473-1554) (forfeit 1547, restored 1553)
  • Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk
    Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk

    Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk was an England nobleman, also the 1st Earl of Southampton.Norfolk was the son of the poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey....
     (1536-1572) (forfeit 1572)
  • Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel
    Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel

    Saint Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel was an England nobleman. He was canonization by Pope Paul VI in 1970, as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales....
     (1557–1595)
  • Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel
    Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel

    Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, 4th Earl of Surrey and 1st Earl of Norfolk was a prominent England courtier during the reigns of James I of England and Charles I of England, but he made his name as a Grand Tourist and art collector rather than as a politician....
     (1585–1646)
  • Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel
    Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel

    Henry Frederick Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel, Privy Council of Ireland was an English noble and the second son of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel and Lady Alethea Talbot, later Baron Furnivall....
     (1608–1652)


  • Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk
    Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk

    Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk was an England Nobility.He was born to Henry Frederick Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel and Elizabeth Stuart, Countess of Arundel....
     (1627-1677) (restored 1660)
  • Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk
    Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk

    Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk was the second son of Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel and Lady Elizabeth Stuart. He succeeded his brother Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk after his death in 1677....
     (1628-1684)
  • Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk
    Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk

    Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk, Order of the Garter, Privy Council of England , was a politician and soldier. He was the son of Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk and Lady Anne Somerset, daughter of Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester and Elizabeth Dormer....
     (1655-1701)
  • Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk
    Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk

    Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk was the son of Lord Thomas Howard and Mary Elizabeth Savile. Upon his uncle's death, he gained the title of 17th Baron Furnivall and 8th Duke of Norfolk....
     (1683-1732)
  • Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk
    Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk

    Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk was born 5 June 1685/6 the son of Lord Thomas Howard and Mary Elizabeth Savile. He succeeded to the title of 18th Baron Furnivall and of 9th Duke of Norfolk in 1732, after the death of his brother, Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk....
     (1685-1777)
  • Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk
    Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk

    Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk was born 1 December 1720, the son of Henry Charles Howard and Mary Aylward . He married Catherine Brockholes , daughter of John Brockholes, on 8 November 1739....
     (1720-1786)
  • Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk
    Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk

    Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk was born on 15 March 1746, the son of Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk and Catherine Brockholes. From 1777 until 1786 he was styled Earl of Surrey....
     (1746-1815)
  • Bernard Edward Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk (1765-1842)
  • Henry Charles Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk (1791-1856)
  • Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk (1815-1860)
  • Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk
    Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk

    Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk Order of the Garter Royal Victorian Order Volunteer Decoration Privy Council of the United Kingdom was the son of Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk and Augusta Mary Minna Catherine Lyons....
     (1847-1917)
  • Bernard Marmaduke Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk (1908-1975)
  • Miles Francis Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk (1915-2002)
  • Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
    Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk

    Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk Deputy Lieutenant is the son of Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk and his wife Anne Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk....
     (b. 1956)


    • The heir apparent is Henry Miles Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel


Knights of the Garter

Bernard Fitzalan Howard 12th Duke of Norfolk


Many of the Dukes of Norfolk have also been knights of the Order of the Garter
Order of the Garter

The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom....
. The following list is of those Dukes of Norfolk, along with their year of investiture, that were also Knights of the Order of the Garter
Order of the Garter

The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom....
 across all creations of the title.

  • 1383 - Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk
  • 1421 - John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
  • 1451 - John Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk
  • 1472 - John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
    John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk

    John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk was an England nobleman.He was the son of Sir Robert Howard and the former Lady Margaret Howard , the eldest daughter of the Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk and the former Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan ....
  • 1510 - Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
    Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk

    Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk was a prominent Tudor dynasty politician. He was uncle to two of the wives of Henry VIII, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, as well as the king's mistress Mary Boleyn, and played a major role in the machinations behind these relationships....
  • 1559 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk
    Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk

    Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk was an England nobleman, also the 1st Earl of Southampton.Norfolk was the son of the poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey....
    ; degraded 1572
  • 1685 - Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk
    Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk

    Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk, Order of the Garter, Privy Council of England , was a politician and soldier. He was the son of Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk and Lady Anne Somerset, daughter of Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester and Elizabeth Dormer....
  • 1834 - Bernard Edward Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk
    Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk

    Bernard Edward Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk, Order of the Garter, was born 21 November 1765, the son of Henry Howard , a descendant of Henry Frederick Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel, and Juliana Molyneux ....
  • 1848 - Henry Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk
    Henry Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk

    Henry Charles Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk, Order of the Garter, Privy Council of the United Kingdom was an English politician.Biography...
  • 1886 - Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk
    Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk

    Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk Order of the Garter Royal Victorian Order Volunteer Decoration Privy Council of the United Kingdom was the son of Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk and Augusta Mary Minna Catherine Lyons....
  • 1937 - Bernard Marmaduke Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk
    Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk

    Bernard Marmaduke Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk, Order of the Garter, Royal Victorian Order, Order of the British Empire, Territorial Decoration, Privy Council of the United Kingdom , known as the Earl of Arundel and Surrey from birth, was the eldest surviving son of Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk, who died when Ber...
  • 1983 - Miles Francis Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk


See also

  • Dukes of Norfolk family tree
    Dukes of Norfolk family tree

    The following chart is a family tree of the Dukes of Norfolk, who were members of the Plantagenet, Mowbray and Howard families. It shows how every Duke of Norfolk was a descendant of King Edward I of England....
  • Norfolk Herald Extraordinary
    Norfolk Herald Extraordinary

    Norfolk Herald of Arms Extraordinary is an Officer of Arms in England. As an officer extraordinary, Norfolk is a royal herald, though not a member of the corporation of the College of Arms in London....
  • Earl Marshal
    Earl Marshal

    Earl Marshal is an ancient chivalric title used separately in England, Ireland and the United Kingdom....
  • Earl of Norfolk
    Earl of Norfolk

    Earl of Norfolk is a title which has been created several times in the Peerage of England. Created in 1070, the first major dynasty to hold the title was the 12th and 13th century Bigod family, and it then was later held by the Mowbrays, who were also made Duke of Norfolk....
  • Arundel Castle
    Arundel Castle

    Arundel Castle in West Sussex, England is a restored medieval castle. The castle dates from the reign of Edward the Confessor and was completed by Roger de Montgomery, who became the first to hold the Earl of Arundel by the graces of William I of England....
  • Bungay Castle
    Bungay Castle

    Bungay Castle is in the town of Bungay, Suffolk, Suffolk by the River Waveney.Originally this was a Normans castle held by the Bigod family. It was confiscated by Henry II of England in 1157 but restored to the Bigods around 1164....
  • Framlingham Castle
    Framlingham Castle

    Framlingham Castle is an important castle in the market town of Framlingham, Suffolk, England. In common with many other buildings in Suffolk, the main walls of the castle are built with flint....
  • Carlton Towers
    Carlton Towers

    Carlton Towers is in Carlton, Selby , North Yorkshire, England. It is a listed building Victorian era Gothic revival country house designed by Edward Welby Pugin....
  • Glossop
    Glossop

    Glossop is a small market town within the High Peak in Derbyshire, England. It lies on the Glossop Brook, a tributary of the River Etherow, about east of the city of Manchester, west of the city of Sheffield and from Matlock, Derbyshire, the county town....
  • Baron Howard of Glossop
    Baron Howard of Glossop

    The title Baron Howard of Glossop was created for a younger son of the 13th Duke of Norfolk in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1869....
  • Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent
    Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent

    Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent, of Derwent in the County of Derbyshire, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1921 for Lord Edmund Talbot on his appointment as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland....


Further reading

  • Robinson, John Martin. The Dukes of Norfolk: A Quincentennial History. Oxford University Press, 1982.


External links