The was formed 1 June 1901 as the , as part of
Japan'sThe Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the...
contribution to the international coalition in
ChinaChina is a cultural region, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
during the
Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion, more properly called the Boxer Uprising, or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in Chinese, was a violent anti-imperialism, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Fists of Harmony,” Yihe tuan义和团 or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China , between 1898 and 1901...
. It was renamed the China Garrison Army on April 14, 1912.
The IJA 5th Division was dispatched to protect Japanese nationals and property in
Tianjin' is the sixth largest city of the People's Republic of China in terms of urban population. Administratively it is one of the four municipalities that have provincial-level status, reporting directly to the central government...
China in June 1900 after the start of the Boxer Rebellion. It formed the core of the Japanese expeditionary forces in
northern ChinaNorthern China or North China may mean:* North China* North China Plain* Northern and southern China - rough geographic regions in China* North China * Northeast China * Northeast China Plain* Northwest China...
.
The was formed 1 June 1901 as the , as part of
Japan'sThe Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the...
contribution to the international coalition in
ChinaChina is a cultural region, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
during the
Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion, more properly called the Boxer Uprising, or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in Chinese, was a violent anti-imperialism, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Fists of Harmony,” Yihe tuan义和团 or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China , between 1898 and 1901...
. It was renamed the China Garrison Army on April 14, 1912.
History
The IJA 5th Division was dispatched to protect Japanese nationals and property in
Tianjin' is the sixth largest city of the People's Republic of China in terms of urban population. Administratively it is one of the four municipalities that have provincial-level status, reporting directly to the central government...
China in June 1900 after the start of the Boxer Rebellion. It formed the core of the Japanese expeditionary forces in
northern ChinaNorthern China or North China may mean:* North China* North China Plain* Northern and southern China - rough geographic regions in China* North China * Northeast China * Northeast China Plain* Northwest China...
. Under the terms of the
Boxer ProtocolThe Boxer Protocol was a protocol signed on September 7, 1901 between the Qing Empire of China and the Eight-Nation Alliance—Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States—plus Belgium, Spain and the Netherlands after China's defeat in the...
, Japan as allowed to maintain a military garrison to guard its embassy, concessions in China, as well as certain strategic fortifications and ports. The IJA 5th Division was thus transformed into the Chinese Empire Garrison Army in June 1901.
After the
Xinhai RevolutionThe Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution , also known as the 1911 Revolution or the Chinese Revolution, began with the Wuchang Uprising on October 10, 1911 and ended with the abdication of Emperor Puyi on February 12, 1912...
overthrew the
Qing dynastyThe Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the last ruling dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912...
and the
Republic of ChinaThe Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan, is a state in East Asia that has evolved from a single-party state with full global recognition and jurisdiction over China into a democratic state with limited international recognition and jurisdiction only over Taiwan and minor islands, though it...
was proclaimed in 1911, the name was considered an anachronism, and the Chinese Empire Garrison Army was thus renamed in 1912 to the China Garrison Army.
From April 1936, as diplomatic relations between Japan and China continued to worsen, the China Garrison Army was reinforced with ten companies of
infantryInfantrymen are soldiers who are specifically trained for the role of fighting on foot to engage the enemy face to face and have historically borne the brunt of the casualties of combat in wars. As the oldest branch of the Combat Arms they are the backbone of armies...
and one combined
regimentA regiment is a military unit, composed of variable numbers of battalions, commanded by a Colonel. A regiment can be broken into two distinct categories, one being an administrative unit which is responsible for non-operational management of battalions , while the other being a deployable combat...
.
Its forces were involved in the clash with the Chinese in the
Marco Polo Bridge IncidentThe Marco Polo Bridge Incident was a battle between the Republic of China's National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army, marking the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War...
that triggered the
Second Sino-Japanese WarThe Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany and the Soviet Union...
. The China Garrison Army was reinforced in July 1937 with the IJA 20th Division from
KoreaThe was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army, forming a garrison force in Korea under Japanese rule.-History:Japanese forces occupied large portions of the Empire of Korea during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, and a substantial was established in Seoul to protect the Japanese embassy and...
and two Independent combined
brigadeA brigade is a military unit that is typically composed of two to five regiments or battalions, depending on the era and nationality of a given army. Usually, a brigade is a sub-component of a division, a larger unit consisting of two or more brigades; however, some brigades are classified as a...
s from the
Kwantung ArmyThe , also known as the Guandong Army , was an army group of the Imperial Japanese Army in the early twentieth century. It became the largest and most prestigious command in the IJA...
in
ManchukuoManchukuo was a puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia. The region was the historical homeland of the Manchus, who founded the Qing Dynasty of China...
, and subsequently with an additional three infantry divisions (the IJA 5th Division, IJA 6th Division and IJA 10th Division) from the Japanese home islands for the
Battle of Beiping-TianjinThe Battle of Beiping-Tianjin , also known as the “Peiking-Tientsin Operation” or by the Japanese as the was a series of battles of the Second Sino-Japanese War fought in the proximity of Beiping and Tianjin...
and
Operation ChaharOperation Chahar, known by the Japanese as チャハル作戦 and by the Chinese as the 长城抗战 , occurred in August 1937 following the Battle of Beiping-Tianjin at the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War....
.
The China Garrison Army was abolished on August 26, 1937 and its forced redistributed between the
Japanese First ArmyThe was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army. It was raised and demobilized on three separate occasions.-History:The Japanese 1st Army was initially raised during the First Sino-Japanese War from September 1, 1894 to May 28, 1895 under the command of General Yamagata Aritomo...
,
Japanese Second ArmyThe was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army. It was raised and demobilized on four separate occasions.-History:The Japanese 2nd Army was initially raised during the First Sino-Japanese War from September 27, 1894 to May 14, 1895 under the command of General Ōyama Iwao.It was revived for the...
and
Japanese Northern China Area ArmyThe was a field army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.-History:The Japanese North China Area Army was formed on August 21, 1937 under the control of the Imperial General Headquarters. It was transferred to the newly formed China Expeditionary Army on September 23,...
. Garrison duties for the Tianjin area were assigned to the IJA 27th Division.
Commanding officerThe commanding officer is the officer in command of a military unit. Typically, the commanding officer has ultimate authority over the unit, and is usually given wide latitude to run the unit as he sees fit, within the bounds of military law...
| |
Name |
From |
To |
| 1 |
Lieutenant General Hisanao Oshima |
1 June 1901 |
4 July 1901 |
| 2 |
Lieutenant General Takesuke Yamane |
4 July 1901 |
25 October 1901 |
| 3 |
General Yoshifuru Akiyama |
25 October 1901 |
2 April 1903 |
| 4 |
Lieutenant General Taro Senba |
2 April 1903 |
25 June 1905 |
| 5 |
General Mitsumoi Kamio |
25 June 1905 |
27 November 1906 |
| 6 |
Lieutenant General Aizo Nakamura |
27 November 1906 |
21 November 1908 |
| 7 |
Lieutenant General Teijiro Abe |
21 November 1908 |
24 April 1912 |
| 8 |
Lieutenant General Kojiro Sato |
24 April 1912 |
8 August 1914 |
| 9 |
General Takeshi Nara |
8 August 1914 |
5 July 1915 |
| 10 |
Lieutenant General Sueharu Saito |
5 July 1915 |
2 May 1916 |
| 11 |
Lieutenant General Masaomi Ishimitsu |
2 May 1916 |
10 June 1918 |
| 12 |
General Hanzo Kanaya |
10 June 1918 |
25 July 1919 |
| 13 |
Lieutenant General Jiro Minamiwas a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and Governor-General of Korea between 1936 and 1942.-Biography:Born to an ex-samurai family in Hiji, Ōita Prefecture, Minami came to Tokyo as a boarding student, and was eventually accepted into the Imperial Japanese Army Academy...
|
25 July 1919 |
20 January 1921 |
| 14 |
Lieutenant General Ichiba Suzuki |
20 January 1921 |
6 August 1923 |
| 15 |
Lieutenant General Kensaku Yoshioka |
6 August 1923 |
1 May 1925 |
| 16 |
Lieutenant General Rokuichi Koizumi |
1 May 1925 |
2 March 1926 |
| 17 |
Lieutenant General Toyoki Takada |
2 March 1926 |
26 July 1927 |
| 18 |
Lieutenant General Kametaro Arai |
26 July 1927 |
16 March 1929 |
| 19 |
General Kenkichi Uedawas a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War, most notably during the Soviet-Japanese Border Wars of the late 1930s.-Biography:...
|
16 March 1929 |
22 December 1930 |
| 20 |
Lieutenant General Kohei Kashii |
22 December 1930 |
29 February 1932 |
| 21 |
General Kotaro Nakamurawas a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and very briefly Army Minister in the 1930s.-Biography:Nakamura was a native of Ishikawa prefecture. He was educated in military preparatory schools from early youth, and graduated from the 13th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1901, and...
|
29 February 1932 |
5 March 1934 |
| 22 |
General Yoshijiro Umezuwas a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II.-Biography:Umezu was born in Ōita Prefecture. He graduated from the 15th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1903 and served in the infantry. After graduation at the top of the 23rd class of the Army Staff College, he was sent...
|
5 March 1934 |
1 August 1935 |
| 23 |
General Hayao Tada was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War.-Biography:A native of Sendai, Miyagi prefecture, Tada graduated from the 15th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1903. He served in the artillery during the Russo-Japanese War.Tada graduated from the 25th class...
|
1 August 1935 |
1 May 1936 |
| 24 |
Lieutenant General Kanichiro Tashirowas a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army at the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War-Biography:A native of Saga prefecture, Tashiro graduated from the 15th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1903 and the 25th class of the Army War College in 1913. He was on the staff of...
|
1 May 1936 |
12 July 1937 |
| 25 |
Lieutenant General Kiyoshi Katsuki was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War.-Biography:Katsuki was a native of Saga prefecture. He graduated from the 14th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1902 and from the 24th class of the Army Staff College in 1912...
|
12 July 1937 |
26 August 1937 |
Chief of Staff
| |
Name |
From |
To |
| 1 |
Major General Kenji Matsumoto |
10 August 1928 |
1 August 1931 |
| 2 |
Major General Toshijiro Takeuchi |
1 August 1931 |
9 January 1932 |
| 3 |
Major General Monya Kikuchi |
9 January 1932 |
1 August 1934 |
| 4 |
General Takashi Sakaiwas a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, known for his role in the Battle of Hong Kong in late 1941.-Biography:Sakai was born in Kamo District, Hiroshima, now part of Hiroshima city...
|
1 August 1934 |
2 December 1935 |
| 5 |
Major General Takenori Nagami |
2 December 1935 |
1 August 1936 |
| 6 |
Major General Takenori Nagami |
1 August 1936 |
26 August 1937 |
External links