Jadran Film
Encyclopedia
Jadran Film is a film production studio and distribution company founded in 1946 in Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...

, Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...

. In the period between the early 1960s and late 1980s Jadran Film was one of the biggest and most notable film studios in Central Europe
Central Europe
Central Europe or alternatively Middle Europe is a region of the European continent lying between the variously defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe...

, with some 145 international and around 120 Yugoslav productions filmed at the studio during those three decades, including two Oscar-winning films and Orson Welles
Orson Welles
George Orson Welles , best known as Orson Welles, was an American film director, actor, theatre director, screenwriter, and producer, who worked extensively in film, theatre, television and radio...

' 1962 screen adaptation
The Trial (1962 film)
The Trial is a 1962 film directed by Orson Welles, who also wrote the screenplay based on the novel of the same name by Franz Kafka...

 of Franz Kafka
Franz Kafka
Franz Kafka was a culturally influential German-language author of short stories and novels. Contemporary critics and academics, including Vladimir Nabokov, regard Kafka as one of the best writers of the 20th century...

's novel The Trial
The Trial
The Trial is a novel by Franz Kafka, first published in 1925. One of Kafka's best-known works, it tells the story of a man arrested and prosecuted by a remote, inaccessible authority, with the nature of his crime revealed neither to him nor the reader.Like Kafka's other novels, The Trial was never...

. The word Jadran refers to the Adriatic Sea
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges...

 in Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian or Serbo-Croat, less commonly Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian , is a South Slavic language with multiple standards and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro...

.

During most of its existence it was one of the two main film studios in Yugoslav cinema
Cinema of Yugoslavia
-SFR Yugoslavia:The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had an internationally acclaimed film industry.Prominent male actors included Danilo Bata Stojković, Ljuba Tadić, Bekim Fehmiu, Fabijan Šovagović, Mustafa Nadarević, Bata Živojinović, Boris Dvornik, Ljubiša Samardžić, Dragan Nikolić and...

 (along with Avala Film
Avala Film
Avala Film is a Serbian film studio, the first one founded in post-war Yugoslavia. Since its inception in 1945, the company has produced more than 600 movies, mainly documentaries but numerous feature films as well, and participated in over 120 co-productions with foreign studios...

 of Belgrade) and was one of the few film companies which played a major role in the post-WWII history of Croatian cinema
Cinema of Croatia
The cinema of Croatia has a somewhat shorter tradition than what is common for other Central European countries: the serious beginning of Croatian cinema starts with the rise of the Yugoslavian film industry in the 1940s...

, along with Zagreb Film
Zagreb Film
Zagreb Film is a Croatian film-producing company from Zagreb, founded in 1953. They have produced hundreds of animated films, documentaries, television commercials, educational films and several feature films....

 (which is mainly known for animated films).

In the 1990s the company experienced a sharp downturn amid the breakup of Yugoslavia and most of the company's property was either sold or fell into disrepair in the ensuing privatization
Privatization
Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency or public service from the public sector to the private sector or to private non-profit organizations...

. The company still continues to produce films, although Jadran Film's once voluminous output has dwindled to only a handful of films produced every year, consisting mainly of Croatian and regional co-productions.

History

Jadran Film was founded in 1946 and produced their first film the following year, Nikola Popović's 1947 Yugoslav feature This People Must Live . The film set owned by Jadran Film located in the Dubrava
Dubrava, Zagreb
Dubrava is one of the largest parts of Zagreb, Croatia. It is located in the northeastern part of the city and divided by the Dubrava Avenue into two administrative areas:* Gornja Dubrava * Donja Dubrava...

 neighborhood of Zagreb was separated into an independent company named Dubrava Film (which was later re-incorporated into Jadran Film in 1962). Jadran Film's most successful period came during the presidency of Sulejman Kapić, whose long-time assistant was producer Branko Lustig
Branko Lustig
Branko Lustig is a prominent Croatian Jewish film producer. He is the only person born in Croatia to have won two Academy Awards.-Early life:...

.

Between the 1960s and 1990s Jadran Film was one of the biggest and well-known film studios in Central Europe, and some 124 Yugoslav feature films and 145 international co-productions were filmed at the studio during those three decades. The first international productions filmed at the studio were Italian-produced Biblical B movie
B movie
A B movie is a low-budget commercial motion picture that is not definitively an arthouse or pornographic film. In its original usage, during the Golden Age of Hollywood, the term more precisely identified a film intended for distribution as the less-publicized, bottom half of a double feature....

s in the late 1950s, most notably the 1960 release David and Goliath
David and Goliath (1960 film)
David and Goliath is a 1960 Italian film directed by Ferdinando Baldi and Richard Pottier with sequences filmed in Israel and Yugoslavia.- Plot summary :...

which starred Orson Welles
Orson Welles
George Orson Welles , best known as Orson Welles, was an American film director, actor, theatre director, screenwriter, and producer, who worked extensively in film, theatre, television and radio...

 as King Saul
Saul
-People:Saul is a given/first name in English, the Anglicized form of the Hebrew name Shaul from the Hebrew Bible:* Saul , including people with this given namein the Bible:* Saul , a king of Edom...

 and Ivica Pajer as David
David
David was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible and, according to the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, an ancestor of Jesus Christ through both Saint Joseph and Mary...

.

Jadran Film benefited from these early co-productions as Italian producers helped the company establish a number of auxiliary departments which provided stunts, horses, set construction and extras for large-scale historical films which were popular at the time, so that Jadran Film studios were routinely used for filming scenes depicting Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....

, Viking
Viking
The term Viking is customarily used to refer to the Norse explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates who raided, traded, explored and settled in wide areas of Europe, Asia and the North Atlantic islands from the late 8th to the mid-11th century.These Norsemen used their famed longships to...

 villages, Jerusalem or Wild West. Another advantage of Jadran Film at the time was that local hotels were considerably less expensive compared to elsewhere in Europe so Zagreb soon became a preferred choice for productions employing large film crews.

The Yugoslav-German-produced screen adaptations of the Winnetou
Winnetou
Winnetou is a fictional Native American hero of several novels written by Karl May in German, including the sequels Winnetou I through Winnetou IV....

 book series set in the Wild West were one of the most well-known productions of Jadran Film. The series, consisting of 11 films shot between 1962 and 1968 on locations in the Paklenica
Paklenica
The Paklenica karst river canyon is a national park in Croatia. It is located in Starigrad, northern Dalmatia, at the southern slopes of Velebit mountain, not far from Zadar. It has two canyons: Mala and Velika Paklenica. Today there is no water flowing throughout Mala Paklenica...

 river canyon and at Grobnik near Rijeka
Rijeka
Rijeka is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia . It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants...

, were very popular in Germany at the time and are considered predecessors of the Spaghetti Western
Spaghetti Western
Spaghetti Western, also known as Italo-Western, is a nickname for a broad sub-genre of Western films that emerged in the mid-1960s in the wake of Sergio Leone's unique and much copied film-making style and international box-office success, so named by American critics because most were produced and...

 genre. Episodes of several American TV series were also filmed in Zagreb in the 1980s, including the series Winds of War
Winds of War (mini-series)
The Winds of War is a 1983 miniseries that follows the book of the same name closely and depicts events from March 1939 until the entry of the United States into World War II in December 1941. Just as in the book, in addition to the lives of the Henry and Jastrow families, much time in the...

, The Dirty Dozen
The Dirty Dozen
The Dirty Dozen is a 1967 film directed by Robert Aldrich and released by MGM. It was filmed in England and features an ensemble cast, including Lee Marvin, Ernest Borgnine, Charles Bronson, Jim Brown, John Cassavetes, Telly Savalas, and Robert Webber. The film is based on E. M...

an War and Remembrance
War and Remembrance (mini-series)
War and Remembrance is an American miniseries based on the novel of the same name by Herman Wouk. It is the sequel to highly successful The Winds of War...

.

Jadran Film also had a hand in two Oscar-winning films - Alan J. Pakula
Alan J. Pakula
Alan Jay Pakula was an American film director, writer and producer noted for his contributions to the conspiracy thriller genre.-Career:...

's 1982 drama Sophie's Choice
Sophie's Choice (film)
Sophie's Choice is a 1982 American romantic drama film that tells the story of a Polish immigrant, Sophie, and her tempestuous lover who share a boarding house with a young writer in Brooklyn. The film stars Meryl Streep, Kevin Kline, and Peter MacNicol. Alan J...

starring Meryl Streep
Meryl Streep
Mary Louise "Meryl" Streep is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television and film.Streep made her professional stage debut in 1971's The Playboy of Seville, before her screen debut in the television movie The Deadliest Season in 1977. In that same year, she made her film debut with...

; and the German film The Tin Drum
The Tin Drum (film)
The Tin Drum is a 1979 film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Günter Grass. It was directed and co-written by Volker Schlöndorff...

directed by Volker Schlöndorff
Volker Schlöndorff
Volker Schlöndorff is a Berlin-based German filmmaker who has worked in Germany, France and the United States...

 which won the 1979 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is one of the Academy Awards of Merit, popularly known as the Oscars, handed out annually by the U.S.-based Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences...

. Another notable film co-produced by Jadran Film was Orson Welles
Orson Welles
George Orson Welles , best known as Orson Welles, was an American film director, actor, theatre director, screenwriter, and producer, who worked extensively in film, theatre, television and radio...

' 1962 screen adaptation
The Trial (1962 film)
The Trial is a 1962 film directed by Orson Welles, who also wrote the screenplay based on the novel of the same name by Franz Kafka...

 of Franz Kafka
Franz Kafka
Franz Kafka was a culturally influential German-language author of short stories and novels. Contemporary critics and academics, including Vladimir Nabokov, regard Kafka as one of the best writers of the 20th century...

's novel The Trial
The Trial
The Trial is a novel by Franz Kafka, first published in 1925. One of Kafka's best-known works, it tells the story of a man arrested and prosecuted by a remote, inaccessible authority, with the nature of his crime revealed neither to him nor the reader.Like Kafka's other novels, The Trial was never...

which was shot on location in Zagreb and starred Anthony Perkins
Anthony Perkins
Anthony Perkins was an American actor, best known for his Oscar-nominated role in Friendly Persuasion and as Norman Bates in Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho , and its three sequels.-Early life:...

, Jeanne Moreau
Jeanne Moreau
Jeanne Moreau is a French actress, singer, screenwriter and director.She made her theatrical debut in 1947, and established herself as one of the leading actresses of the Comédie-Française...

 and Romy Schneider
Romy Schneider
Romy Schneider was an Austrian-born German film actress who also held French citizenship.-Early life:Schneider was born Rosemarie Magdalena Albach in Nazi-era Vienna, six months after the Anschluss, into a family of actors that included her paternal grandmother Rosa Albach-Retty, her Austrian...

.

In the early 1990s, amid the breakup of Yugoslavia and the ensuing Croatian War of Independence
Croatian War of Independence
The Croatian War of Independence was fought from 1991 to 1995 between forces loyal to the government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia —and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army and local Serb forces, with the JNA ending its combat...

, Jadran Film lost most of the advantages it offered and foreign film productions began to shift towards studios in other post-communist countries. The Jadran Film studios experienced a downfall, the number of employees fell from 300 to 80 and film equipment and sets quickly fell into disrepair as maintenance work effectively ceased. In addition, the privatization
Privatization
Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency or public service from the public sector to the private sector or to private non-profit organizations...

 of the once state-owned company also contributed to Jadran Film's problems.

The huge plot in Dubrava in the eastern part of Zagreb which was once used to build film sets was sold in the 1990s and turned into a shopping mall
Shopping mall
A shopping mall, shopping centre, shopping arcade, shopping precinct or simply mall is one or more buildings forming a complex of shops representing merchandisers, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit, along with a parking area — a modern, indoor version...

. The journalist Denis Kuljiš, who was at the time the president of the company's supervisory board, was involved in the sale and the whole deal was described by the media as "shady". In the late 1990s and well into the 2000s Jadran Film continued to disintegrate and it effectively lost the ability to support large co-productions which were once the staple of their film-making business. However, the company survived and continued to produce films into the 2000s, although by then their output has dwindled to only a handful of Croatian films every year.

Notable films

For all films produced by Jadran Film with a Wikipedia article see :Category:Jadran Film films

International co-productions

  • The Trial
    The Trial (1962 film)
    The Trial is a 1962 film directed by Orson Welles, who also wrote the screenplay based on the novel of the same name by Franz Kafka...

    (1962, directed by Orson Welles
    Orson Welles
    George Orson Welles , best known as Orson Welles, was an American film director, actor, theatre director, screenwriter, and producer, who worked extensively in film, theatre, television and radio...

    )
  • The Day That Shook the World
    The Day That Shook the World
    The Day That Shook the World is the English language title for the 1975 Czechoslovakian/Yugoslavian/German co-production film called Sarajevski atentat...

    (1975, directed by Veljko Bulajić
    Veljko Bulajic
    Veljko Bulajić , today is a Croatian film director and actor of Montenegrin descent, most of his life working in Croatia...

    )
  • The Tin Drum
    The Tin Drum (film)
    The Tin Drum is a 1979 film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Günter Grass. It was directed and co-written by Volker Schlöndorff...

    (1979, directed by Volker Schlöndorff
    Volker Schlöndorff
    Volker Schlöndorff is a Berlin-based German filmmaker who has worked in Germany, France and the United States...

    )
  • Sophie's Choice
    Sophie's Choice (film)
    Sophie's Choice is a 1982 American romantic drama film that tells the story of a Polish immigrant, Sophie, and her tempestuous lover who share a boarding house with a young writer in Brooklyn. The film stars Meryl Streep, Kevin Kline, and Peter MacNicol. Alan J...

    (1982, directed by Alan J. Pakula
    Alan J. Pakula
    Alan Jay Pakula was an American film director, writer and producer noted for his contributions to the conspiracy thriller genre.-Career:...

    )
  • Grbavica
    Grbavica (film)
    Grbavica is a 2006 film by Jasmila Žbanić about the life of a single mother in contemporary Sarajevo in the aftermath of systematic rapes of Bosniak women by Serbian troops during the war...

    (2006, directed by Jasmila Žbanić
    Jasmila Žbanic
    Jasmila Žbanić is a film director from Bosnia and Herzegovina, and a graduate of Academy of Fine Arts in Sarajevo, department for theater and film directing. She also worked as a puppeteer in the Vermont-based Bread and Puppet Theater and as a clown in a Lee De Long workshop. She is noted for the...

    )
  • The Hunting Party
    The Hunting Party (2007 film)
    The Hunting Party is a 2007 American action-adventure-thriller film starring Richard Gere, Terrence Howard, Diane Kruger and Jesse Eisenberg. The working title for this film was Spring Break in Bosnia before being changed to The Hunting Party during post-production...

    (2007, directed by Richard Shepard
    Richard Shepard
    Richard Shepard is an American film and television director and screenwriter. In 2007 Shepard received a Directors Guild of America Award and an Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for the television pilot Ugly Betty....

    )

Big Golden Arena winners

Below is the complete list of films produced by Jadran Film which won the Golden Arena for Best Film, the main award at the Pula Film Festival
Pula Film Festival
The Pula Film Festival is the oldest Croatian film festival which is held annually in a Roman amphitheater known as the Pula arena since 1954. The festival is usually held in the summer, in July or August....

. The festival served as the Yugoslav national film awards (e.g. the local equivalent of the Academy Award) since its establishment in 1955 until 1990. Due to the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s the festival was re-branded as the Croatian film awards in 1992. A total 11 films won the award in Yugoslav competition, and a further 2 won the award since 1992.
Year Film Director Notes
1958 H-8
H-8 (film)
H-8 is a 1958 Yugoslavian film by Croatian director Nikola Tanhofer . The movie is based on a true story, in which the driver that caused a fatal 1957 bus-truck collision was never identified...

Nikola Tanhofer
Nikola Tanhofer
Nikola Tanhofer was a Croatian film director, screenwriter and cinematographer. His film It Was Not in Vain was entered into the 7th Berlin International Film Festival.-Filmography:* Plavi 9...

1959 Train Without a Timetable
Train Without a Timetable
Train Without a Timetable is a 1959 Yugoslav film directed by Veljko Bulajić. It was entered into the 1959 Cannes Film Festival. The film was also selected as the Yugoslav entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 32nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.-Cast:* Stole...

Veljko Bulajić
Veljko Bulajic
Veljko Bulajić , today is a Croatian film director and actor of Montenegrin descent, most of his life working in Croatia...

Yugoslav submission for the 32nd Academy Awards
32nd Academy Awards
The 32nd Academy Awards honored film achievements of 1959 on 4 April 1960.MGM's and director William Wyler's three and a half-hour long epic drama Ben-Hur won 11 Oscars in 1959, breaking the previous year's all-time record of nine...

1960 The Ninth Circle
The Ninth Circle
The Ninth Circle is a 1960 Yugoslavian film directed by France Štiglic. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film...

France Štiglic
France Štiglic
France Štiglic was a Slovenian film director and screenwriter. His 1948 film On Our Own Land was entered into the 1949 Cannes Film Festival...

Yugoslav submission for the 33rd Academy Awards
33rd Academy Awards
The 33rd Academy Awards, honoring the best in film for 1960, were held on April 17, 1961 at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica, California...

1963 Face to Face
Face to Face (1963 film)
Face to Face is a Croatian film directed by Branko Bauer. It was released in 1963....

Branko Bauer
Branko Bauer
-Early life:Bauer became interested in cinema as a school boy, influenced by a Jewish girl, a piano player, who was hiding from Ustaše in his parents' home. After World War II, he began working in the Zagreb-based Jadran Film studio as a documentary filmmaker...

1965 Prometheus of the Island
Prometheus of the Island
Prometheus of the Island , also known in English as Prometheus from the island of Viševica, is a 1964 Yugoslav film directed by Vatroslav Mimica....

Vatroslav Mimica
Vatroslav Mimica
Vatroslav Mimica is an award-winning Croatian film director and screenwriter.Mimica had enrolled at the University of Zagreb School of Medicine before the outbreak of World War II. In 1942 he joined Young Communist League of Yugoslavia and in 1943 he went on to join the Yugoslav Partisans,...

1966 Monday or Tuesday
Monday or Tuesday (film)
Monday or Tuesday is an acclaimed 1966 Yugoslav drama film directed by Vatroslav Mimica starring Slobodan Dimitrijević. The film's title is a famous quote from Virginia Woolf's 1919 work Modern Fiction in which she described her approach to writing: "Examine for a moment an ordinary mind on an...

Vatroslav Mimica
1970 Handcuffs
Handcuffs (film)
Handcuffs is a Croatian film directed by Krsto Papić. It was released in 1969....

Krsto Papić
Krsto Papic
Krsto Papić is a Croatian screenwriter and film director whose career spans several decades....

1975 The House
The House (1975 film)
-External links:* at Filmski-Programi.hr...

Bogdan Žižić
Bogdan Žižić
Bogdan Žižić is a Croatian film director and screenwriter. Žižić is regarded as one of the most prolific Croatian directors of short documentary films, and is also known for several critically acclaimed feature films made in the 1970s.Žižić had graduated from the University of Zagreb Faculty of...

1977 Don't Lean Out the Window
Don't Lean Out the Window
Don't Lean Out the Window , is a 1977 Yugoslav drama film directed by Bogdan Žižić.The film won two Golden Arena awards at the 1977 Pula Film Festival, for Best Film and for Best Supporting Actress .-External links:* at Filmski-Programi.hr...

Bogdan Žižić
1978 Occupation in 26 Pictures
Occupation in 26 Pictures
Occupation in 26 Pictures, also known as Occupation in 26 Tableaux , is a 1978 Yugoslavian war film directed by Lordan Zafranović. It was entered into the 1979 Cannes Film Festival.-Plot:...

Lordan Zafranović
Lordan Zafranovic
Lordan Zafranović is currently "the most controversial Croatian cineaste".-First films:After receiving a degree in literature and visual arts at the University of Split, Zafranović enrolled at the famous FAMU in Prague where he studied film directing and where he eventually graduated in 1981...

Yugoslav submission for the 51st Academy Awards
51st Academy Awards
The 51st Academy Awards were presented April 9, 1979 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson....

1981 The Fall of Italy
The Fall of Italy
The Fall of Italy , is a 1981 Yugoslav war film directed by Lordan Zafranović.It won the Big Golden Arena for Best Film at the 1981 Pula Film Festival.-External links:* at Filmski-Programi.hr...

Lordan Zafranović
1995 Washed Out
Washed Out (film)
Washed Out is a Croatian film. It was released in 1995....

Zrinko Ogresta
Zrinko Ogresta
Zrinko Ogresta is an acclaimed Croatian screenwriter and film director.-Filmography:* Fragments: Chronicle of a Vanishing - writer and director...

Croatian submission for the 68th Academy Awards
68th Academy Awards
The 68th Academy Awards were held on March 25, 1996, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California. The show was hosted by Whoopi Goldberg. The ceremony was watched 44.48 million viewers, with 30.5% households watching...

1999 When the Dead Start Singing
When the Dead Start Singing
When the Dead Start Singing is a Croatian film, directed by Krsto Papic. It was released in 1998....

Krsto Papić

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK