Isotopes of technetium
Encyclopedia
Technetium
(abbreviation Tc, atomic number
43) is the first of the two elements in the first 82 that have no stable isotope
s (all are radioactive); the other such element is promethium
. It is primarily artificial, only trace quantities existing in nature produced by spontaneous fission
or neutron capture
by molybdenum
. The first isotopes to be synthesized were 97Tc and 99Tc in 1936, the first artificial element to be produced. The most stable radioisotope
s are 98Tc (half-life
of 4.2 Ma), 97Tc (half-life: 2.6 Ma) and 99Tc (half-life: 211.1 ka).
Thirty-one other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic mass
es ranging from 85Tc to 118Tc. Most of these have half-lives that are less than an hour; the exceptions are 93Tc (half-life: 2.75 hours), 94Tc (half-life: 4.883 hours), 95Tc (half-life: 20 hours), and 96Tc (half-life: 4.28 days).
Technetium also has numerous meta states
. 97mTc is the most stable, with a half-life of 90.1 days (0.097 MeV). This is followed by 95mTc (half-life: 61 days, 0.038 MeV), and 99mTc (half-life: 6.01 hours, 0.143 MeV). 99mTc only emits gamma ray
s, subsequently decaying to 99Tc.
For isotopes lighter than the most stable isotope, 98Tc, the primary decay mode is electron capture
, giving molybdenum
. For the heavier isotopes, the primary mode is beta emission
, giving ruthenium
, with the exception that 100Tc can decay both by beta emission and electron capture.
Technetium-99
is the most common and most readily available isotope, as it is a major fission product
from fission of actinide
s like uranium
and plutonium
with a fission product yield
of 6% or more per fission, and in fact the most significant long-lived fission product
. Lighter isotopes of technetium are almost never produced in fission because the initial fission products normally have a higher neutron/proton ratio than is stable for their mass range, and therefore undergo beta decay
until reaching the ultimate product. Beta decay of fission products of mass 95-98 stops at the stable isotopes of molybdenum
of those masses and does not reach technetium. For mass 100 and greater, the technetium isotopes of those masses are very short-lived and quickly beta decay to isotopes of ruthenium
. Therefore the technetium in spent nuclear fuel
is practically all 99Tc.
One gram of 99Tc produces 6.2×108 disintegrations a second (that is, 0.62 GBq
/g).
Technetium has no stable or nearly stable isotopes, and thus a standard atomic mass cannot be given.
are unusual light elements in that they have no stable isotopes. The reason for this is somewhat complicated.
Using the liquid drop model for atomic nuclei, one can derive a semiempirical formula for the binding energy of a nucleus. This formula predicts a "valley of beta stability" along which nuclides do not undergo beta decay. Nuclides that lie "up the walls" of the valley tend to decay by beta decay towards the center (by emitting an electron, emitting a positron
, or capturing an electron). For a fixed number of nucleons A, the binding energies lie on one or more parabola
s, with the most stable nuclide at the bottom. One can have more than one parabola because isotopes with an even number of protons and an even number of neutrons are more stable than isotopes with an odd number of neutrons and an odd number of protons. A single beta decay then transforms one into the other. When there is only one parabola, there can be only one stable isotope lying on that parabola. When there are two parabolas, that is, when the number of nucleons is even, it can happen (rarely) that there is a stable nucleus with an odd number of neutrons and an odd number of protons (although this happens only in four instances). However, if this happens, there can be no stable isotope with an even number of neutrons and an even number of protons.
For technetium (Z=43), the valley of beta stability is centered at around 98 nucleons. However, for every number of nucleons from 95 to 102, there is already at least one stable nuclide of either molybdenum
(Z=42) or ruthenium
(Z=44). For the isotopes with odd numbers of nucleons, this immediately rules out a stable isotope of technetium, since there can be only one stable nuclide with a fixed odd number of nucleons. For the isotopes with an even number of nucleons, since technetium has an odd number of protons, any isotope must also have an odd number of neutrons. In such a case, the presence of a stable nuclide having the same number of nucleons and an even number of protons rules out the possibility of a stable nucleus.
Technetium
Technetium is the chemical element with atomic number 43 and symbol Tc. It is the lowest atomic number element without any stable isotopes; every form of it is radioactive. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically and only minute amounts are found in nature...
(abbreviation Tc, atomic number
Atomic number
In chemistry and physics, the atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus. It is conventionally represented by the symbol Z. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element...
43) is the first of the two elements in the first 82 that have no stable isotope
Isotope
Isotopes are variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons. Atoms of a particular element by definition must contain the same number of protons but may have a distinct number of neutrons which differs from atom to atom, without changing the designation...
s (all are radioactive); the other such element is promethium
Promethium
Promethium is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. It is notable for being the only exclusively radioactive element besides technetium that is followed by chemical elements with stable isotopes.- Prediction :...
. It is primarily artificial, only trace quantities existing in nature produced by spontaneous fission
Spontaneous fission
Spontaneous fission is a form of radioactive decay characteristic of very heavy isotopes. Because the nuclear binding energy reaches a maximum at a nuclear mass greater than about 60 atomic mass units , spontaneous breakdown into smaller nuclei and single particles becomes possible at heavier masses...
or neutron capture
Neutron capture
Neutron capture is a kind of nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus collides with one or more neutrons and they merge to form a heavier nucleus. Since neutrons have no electric charge they can enter a nucleus more easily than positively charged protons, which are repelled...
by molybdenum
Molybdenum
Molybdenum , is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin Molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek , meaning lead, itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores...
. The first isotopes to be synthesized were 97Tc and 99Tc in 1936, the first artificial element to be produced. The most stable radioisotope
Radionuclide
A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy available to be imparted either to a newly created radiation particle within the nucleus or to an atomic electron. The radionuclide, in this process, undergoes radioactive decay, and emits gamma...
s are 98Tc (half-life
Half-life
Half-life, abbreviated t½, is the period of time it takes for the amount of a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. The name was originally used to describe a characteristic of unstable atoms , but it may apply to any quantity which follows a set-rate decay.The original term, dating to...
of 4.2 Ma), 97Tc (half-life: 2.6 Ma) and 99Tc (half-life: 211.1 ka).
Thirty-one other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic mass
Atomic mass
The atomic mass is the mass of a specific isotope, most often expressed in unified atomic mass units. The atomic mass is the total mass of protons, neutrons and electrons in a single atom....
es ranging from 85Tc to 118Tc. Most of these have half-lives that are less than an hour; the exceptions are 93Tc (half-life: 2.75 hours), 94Tc (half-life: 4.883 hours), 95Tc (half-life: 20 hours), and 96Tc (half-life: 4.28 days).
Technetium also has numerous meta states
Nuclear isomer
A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons . "Metastable" refers to the fact that these excited states have half-lives more than 100 to 1000 times the half-lives of the other possible excited nuclear states...
. 97mTc is the most stable, with a half-life of 90.1 days (0.097 MeV). This is followed by 95mTc (half-life: 61 days, 0.038 MeV), and 99mTc (half-life: 6.01 hours, 0.143 MeV). 99mTc only emits gamma ray
Gamma ray
Gamma radiation, also known as gamma rays or hyphenated as gamma-rays and denoted as γ, is electromagnetic radiation of high frequency . Gamma rays are usually naturally produced on Earth by decay of high energy states in atomic nuclei...
s, subsequently decaying to 99Tc.
For isotopes lighter than the most stable isotope, 98Tc, the primary decay mode is electron capture
Electron capture
Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino...
, giving molybdenum
Molybdenum
Molybdenum , is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin Molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek , meaning lead, itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores...
. For the heavier isotopes, the primary mode is beta emission
Beta decay
In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a...
, giving ruthenium
Ruthenium
Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most chemicals. The Russian scientist Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element...
, with the exception that 100Tc can decay both by beta emission and electron capture.
Technetium-99
Technetium-99
Technetium-99 is an isotope of technetium which decays with a half-life of 211,000 years to stable ruthenium-99, emitting soft beta rays, but no gamma rays....
is the most common and most readily available isotope, as it is a major fission product
Fission product
Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus fissions. Typically, a large nucleus like that of uranium fissions by splitting into two smaller nuclei, along with a few neutrons and a large release of energy in the form of heat , gamma rays and neutrinos. The...
from fission of actinide
Actinide
The actinide or actinoid series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium.The actinide series derives its name from the group 3 element actinium...
s like uranium
Uranium
Uranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table, with atomic number 92. It is assigned the chemical symbol U. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons...
and plutonium
Plutonium
Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, forming a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation...
with a fission product yield
Fission product yield
Nuclear fission splits a heavy nucleus such as uranium or plutonium into two lighter nuclei, which are called fission products. Yield refers to the fraction of a fission product produced per fission.Yield can be broken down by:#Individual isotope...
of 6% or more per fission, and in fact the most significant long-lived fission product
Long-lived fission product
Long-lived fission products are radioactive materials with a long half-life produced by nuclear fission.-Evolution of radioactivity in nuclear waste:...
. Lighter isotopes of technetium are almost never produced in fission because the initial fission products normally have a higher neutron/proton ratio than is stable for their mass range, and therefore undergo beta decay
Beta decay
In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a...
until reaching the ultimate product. Beta decay of fission products of mass 95-98 stops at the stable isotopes of molybdenum
Isotopes of molybdenum
There are 33 known isotopes of molybdenum ranging in atomic mass from 83 to 115, as well as four metastable nuclear isomers. Seven isotopes occur naturally, with atomic masses of 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, and 100. Of these naturally occurring isotopes, six have never been observed to decay, but all...
of those masses and does not reach technetium. For mass 100 and greater, the technetium isotopes of those masses are very short-lived and quickly beta decay to isotopes of ruthenium
Isotopes of ruthenium
Naturally occurring ruthenium is composed of seven stable isotopes. Additionally, 27 radioactive isotopes have been discovered. Of these radioisotopes, the most stable are 106Ru with a half-life of 373.59 days, 103Ru with a half-life of 39.26 days and 97Ru with a half-life of 2.9 days.Twenty-four...
. Therefore the technetium in spent nuclear fuel
Spent nuclear fuel
Spent nuclear fuel, occasionally called used nuclear fuel, is nuclear fuel that has been irradiated in a nuclear reactor...
is practically all 99Tc.
One gram of 99Tc produces 6.2×108 disintegrations a second (that is, 0.62 GBq
Becquerel
The becquerel is the SI-derived unit of radioactivity. One Bq is defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. The Bq unit is therefore equivalent to an inverse second, s−1...
/g).
Technetium has no stable or nearly stable isotopes, and thus a standard atomic mass cannot be given.
Stability of technetium isotopes
Technetium and promethiumPromethium
Promethium is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. It is notable for being the only exclusively radioactive element besides technetium that is followed by chemical elements with stable isotopes.- Prediction :...
are unusual light elements in that they have no stable isotopes. The reason for this is somewhat complicated.
Using the liquid drop model for atomic nuclei, one can derive a semiempirical formula for the binding energy of a nucleus. This formula predicts a "valley of beta stability" along which nuclides do not undergo beta decay. Nuclides that lie "up the walls" of the valley tend to decay by beta decay towards the center (by emitting an electron, emitting a positron
Positron
The positron or antielectron is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron. The positron has an electric charge of +1e, a spin of ½, and has the same mass as an electron...
, or capturing an electron). For a fixed number of nucleons A, the binding energies lie on one or more parabola
Parabola
In mathematics, the parabola is a conic section, the intersection of a right circular conical surface and a plane parallel to a generating straight line of that surface...
s, with the most stable nuclide at the bottom. One can have more than one parabola because isotopes with an even number of protons and an even number of neutrons are more stable than isotopes with an odd number of neutrons and an odd number of protons. A single beta decay then transforms one into the other. When there is only one parabola, there can be only one stable isotope lying on that parabola. When there are two parabolas, that is, when the number of nucleons is even, it can happen (rarely) that there is a stable nucleus with an odd number of neutrons and an odd number of protons (although this happens only in four instances). However, if this happens, there can be no stable isotope with an even number of neutrons and an even number of protons.
For technetium (Z=43), the valley of beta stability is centered at around 98 nucleons. However, for every number of nucleons from 95 to 102, there is already at least one stable nuclide of either molybdenum
Isotopes of molybdenum
There are 33 known isotopes of molybdenum ranging in atomic mass from 83 to 115, as well as four metastable nuclear isomers. Seven isotopes occur naturally, with atomic masses of 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, and 100. Of these naturally occurring isotopes, six have never been observed to decay, but all...
(Z=42) or ruthenium
Isotopes of ruthenium
Naturally occurring ruthenium is composed of seven stable isotopes. Additionally, 27 radioactive isotopes have been discovered. Of these radioisotopes, the most stable are 106Ru with a half-life of 373.59 days, 103Ru with a half-life of 39.26 days and 97Ru with a half-life of 2.9 days.Twenty-four...
(Z=44). For the isotopes with odd numbers of nucleons, this immediately rules out a stable isotope of technetium, since there can be only one stable nuclide with a fixed odd number of nucleons. For the isotopes with an even number of nucleons, since technetium has an odd number of protons, any isotope must also have an odd number of neutrons. In such a case, the presence of a stable nuclide having the same number of nucleons and an even number of protons rules out the possibility of a stable nucleus.
Table
| nuclide symbol |
Z(p Proton The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number.... ) |
N(n Neutron The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of... ) |
isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | decay mode(s)Abbreviations: EC: Electron capture Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino... IT: Isomeric transition Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer.... |
daughter isotope(s)Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe Age of the universe The age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang posited by the most widely accepted scientific model of cosmology. The best current estimate of the age of the universe is 13.75 ± 0.13 billion years within the Lambda-CDM concordance model... ) |
nuclear spin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| excitation energy | |||||||
| 85Tc | 43 | 42 | 84.94883(43)# | <110 ns | β+ Beta decay In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a... |
85Mo | 1/2-# |
| p Proton emission Proton emission is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a nucleus. Proton emission can occur from high-lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay, in which case the process is known as beta-delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state of very... |
84Mo | ||||||
| β+, p | 84Nb | ||||||
| 86Tc | 43 | 43 | 85.94288(32)# | 55(6) ms | β+ | 86Mo | (0+) |
| 86mTc | 1500(150) keV | 1.11(21) µs | (5+,5-) | ||||
| 87Tc | 43 | 44 | 86.93653(32)# | 2.18(16) s | β+ | 87Mo | 1/2-# |
| 87mTc | 20(60)# keV | 2# s | 9/2+# | ||||
| 88Tc | 43 | 45 | 87.93268(22)# | 5.8(2) s | β+ | 88Mo | (2,3) |
| 88mTc | 0(300)# keV | 6.4(8) s | β+ | 88Mo | (6,7,8) | ||
| 89Tc | 43 | 46 | 88.92717(22)# | 12.8(9) s | β+ | 89Mo | (9/2+) |
| 89mTc | 62.6(5) keV | 12.9(8) s | β+ | 89Mo | (1/2-) | ||
| 90Tc | 43 | 47 | 89.92356(26) | 8.7(2) s | β+ | 90Mo | 1+ |
| 90mTc | 310(390) keV | 49.2(4) s | β+ | 90Mo | (8+) | ||
| 91Tc | 43 | 48 | 90.91843(22) | 3.14(2) min | β+ | 91Mo | (9/2)+ |
| 91mTc | 139.3(3) keV | 3.3(1) min | β+ (99%) | 91Mo | (1/2)- | ||
| IT Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer.... (1%) |
91Tc | ||||||
| 92Tc | 43 | 49 | 91.915260(28) | 4.25(15) min | β+ | 92Mo | (8)+ |
| 92mTc | 270.15(11) keV | 1.03(7) µs | (4+) | ||||
| 93Tc | 43 | 50 | 92.910249(4) | 2.75(5) h | β+ | 93Mo | 9/2+ |
| 93m1Tc | 391.84(8) keV | 43.5(10) min | IT (76.6%) | 93Tc | 1/2- | ||
| β+ (23.7%) | 93Mo | ||||||
| 93m2Tc | 2185.16(15) keV | 10.2(3) µs | (17/2)- | ||||
| 94Tc | 43 | 51 | 93.909657(5) | 293(1) min | β+ | 94Mo | 7+ |
| 94mTc | 75.5(19) keV | 52.0(10) min | β+ (99.9%) | 94Mo | (2)+ | ||
| IT (.1%) | 94Tc | ||||||
| 95Tc | 43 | 52 | 94.907657(6) | 20.0(1) h | β+ | 95Mo | 9/2+ |
| 95mTc | 38.89(5) keV | 61(2) d | β+ (96.12%) | 95Mo | 1/2- | ||
| IT (3.88%) | 95Tc | ||||||
| 96Tc | 43 | 53 | 95.907871(6) | 4.28(7) d | β+ | 96Mo | 7+ |
| 96mTc | 34.28(7) keV | 51.5(10) min | IT (98%) | 96Tc | 4+ | ||
| β+ (2%) | 96Mo | ||||||
| 97Tc | 43 | 54 | 96.906365(5) | 2.6×106 a | EC Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino... |
97Mo | 9/2+ |
| 97mTc | 96.56(6) keV | 91.4(8) d | IT (99.66%) | 97Tc | 1/2- | ||
| EC (.34%) | 97Mo | ||||||
| 98Tc | 43 | 55 | 97.907216(4) | 4.2(3)×106 a | β- | 98Ru | (6)+ |
| 98mTc | 90.76(16) keV | 14.7(3) µs | (2)- | ||||
| 99Tc Technetium-99 Technetium-99 is an isotope of technetium which decays with a half-life of 211,000 years to stable ruthenium-99, emitting soft beta rays, but no gamma rays.... Long-lived fission product Long-lived fission product Long-lived fission products are radioactive materials with a long half-life produced by nuclear fission.-Evolution of radioactivity in nuclear waste:... |
43 | 56 | 98.9062547(21) | 2.111(12)×105 a | β- | 99Ru | 9/2+ |
| 99mTc Technetium-99m Technetium-99m is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99, symbolized as 99mTc. The "m" indicates that this is a metastable nuclear isomer, i.e., that its half-life of 6 hours is considerably longer than most nuclear isomers that undergo gamma decay... Used in medicine |
142.6832(11) keV | 6.0058(12) h | IT (99.99%) | 99Tc | 1/2- | ||
| β- (.0037%) | 99Ru | ||||||
| 100Tc | 43 | 57 | 99.9076578(24) | 15.8(1) s | β- (99.99%) | 100Ru | 1+ |
| EC (.0018%) | 100Mo | ||||||
| 100m1Tc | 200.67(4) keV | 8.32(14) µs | (4)+ | ||||
| 100m2Tc | 243.96(4) keV | 3.2(2) µs | (6)+ | ||||
| 101Tc | 43 | 58 | 100.907315(26) | 14.22(1) min | β- | 101Ru | 9/2+ |
| 101mTc | 207.53(4) keV | 636(8) µs | 1/2- | ||||
| 102Tc | 43 | 59 | 101.909215(10) | 5.28(15) s | β- | 102Ru | 1+ |
| 102mTc | 20(10) keV | 4.35(7) min | β- (98%) | 102Ru | (4,5) | ||
| IT (2%) | 102Tc | ||||||
| 103Tc | 43 | 60 | 102.909181(11) | 54.2(8) s | β- | 103Ru | 5/2+ |
| 104Tc | 43 | 61 | 103.91145(5) | 18.3(3) min | β- | 104Ru | (3+)# |
| 104m1Tc | 69.7(2) keV | 3.5(3) µs | 2(+) | ||||
| 104m2Tc | 106.1(3) keV | 0.40(2) µs | (+) | ||||
| 105Tc | 43 | 62 | 104.91166(6) | 7.6(1) min | β- | 105Ru | (3/2-) |
| 106Tc | 43 | 63 | 105.914358(14) | 35.6(6) s | β- | 106Ru | (1,2) |
| 107Tc | 43 | 64 | 106.91508(16) | 21.2(2) s | β- | 107Ru | (3/2-) |
| 107mTc | 65.7(10) keV | 184(3) ns | (5/2-) | ||||
| 108Tc | 43 | 65 | 107.91846(14) | 5.17(7) s | β- | 108Ru | (2)+ |
| 109Tc | 43 | 66 | 108.91998(10) | 860(40) ms | β- (99.92%) | 109Ru | 3/2-# |
| β-, n Neutron emission Neutron emission is a type of radioactive decay of atoms containing excess neutrons, in which a neutron is simply ejected from the nucleus. Two examples of isotopes which emit neutrons are helium-5 and beryllium-13... (.08%) |
108Ru | ||||||
| 110Tc | 43 | 67 | 109.92382(8) | 0.92(3) s | β- (99.96%) | 110Ru | (2+) |
| β-, n (.04%) | 109Ru | ||||||
| 111Tc | 43 | 68 | 110.92569(12) | 290(20) ms | β- (99.15%) | 111Ru | 3/2-# |
| β-, n (.85%) | 110Ru | ||||||
| 112Tc | 43 | 69 | 111.92915(13) | 290(20) ms | β- (97.4%) | 112Ru | 2+# |
| β-, n (2.6%) | 111Ru | ||||||
| 113Tc | 43 | 70 | 112.93159(32)# | 170(20) ms | β- | 113Ru | 3/2-# |
| 114Tc | 43 | 71 | 113.93588(64)# | 150(30) ms | β- | 114Ru | 2+# |
| 115Tc | 43 | 72 | 114.93869(75)# | 100# ms [>300 ns] | β- | 115Ru | 3/2-# |
| 116Tc | 43 | 73 | 115.94337(75)# | 90# ms [>300 ns] | 2+# | ||
| 117Tc | 43 | 74 | 116.94648(75)# | 40# ms [>300 ns] | 3/2-# | ||
| 118Tc | 43 | 75 | 117.95148(97)# | 30# ms [>300 ns] | 2+# | ||