Integrated ticketing allows a person to make a journey that involves transfers within or between different

Intermodal passenger transport

Intermodal passenger transport involves more than one mode of transport of passengers. Some modes of transportation have always been intermodal; for example, most major airports have extensive facilities for automobile parking and have good rail or bus connections to the cities nearby. Urban bus...

 transport modes with a single ticket that is valid for the complete journey, modes being buses, trains, subways

Rapid transit

A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway, metro or metropolitan railway system is an electric passenger railway in an urban area with a high capacity and frequency, and grade separation from other traffic. Rapid transit systems are typically located either in underground tunnels or on...

, ferries, etc. The purpose of integrated ticketing is to encourage people to use public transport by simplifying switching between transport modes and by increasing the efficiency of the services.

In most cases, integrated ticketing is made possible by electronic ticket

Electronic ticket

An electronic ticket is a digital ticket. It may be issued by an airline, in road, urban or rail public transport, and in entertainment.-Airline ticket:...

ing technologies such as magnetic stripe cards or smart cards. Some smart card systems are also used for paying for goods and other services such as the Octopus card

Octopus card

The Octopus card is a rechargeable contactless stored value smart card used to transfer electronic payments in online or offline systems in Hong Kong...

. Some public transport systems also use paper cash tickets that allow transfers within a specified area, and in some cases (such as the Transperth

Transperth

Transperth is the brand name of the public transport system in Perth, Western Australia. It is operated by the Public Transport Authority.-History:...

 FamilyRider), allow unlimited travel during specified times.

Countries such as the Switzerland have national integrated ticket systems. The UK, Australia and Sweden use such systems on public transport in major cities or metropolitan areas.

Deploying integrated ticketing requires a high-level of coordination and co-operation between all public transport providers and the suppliers. Political, technological and project management issues have resulted in long delays in some cases. In Sydney the project has had to be restarted. In Dublin, the system has also suffered serious delays from the project start date in 2002 but it is now nearing its launch date. In Stockholm, the task of replacing the existing magnetic stripe cards system with smart cards is finally nearing completion after the project was started in 2002.

Examples

The table shows some examples of integrated ticketing around the world.

Area	Transport Authority	System Name	Ticket Type	Operational Since	Transport Types	Comment
Sydney Sydney Sydney is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people...	STA State Transit Authority of New South Wales The State Transit Authority of New South Wales is an agency of the Government of New South Wales based in Sydney, Australia operating bus and ferry services. The STA is part of transport minister Gladys Berejiklian's portfolio...	AFC Automated Fare Collection System The Sydney automated fare collection system is the name given to three interoperable automated ticketing systems for buses, trains and government-run ferries in and around Sydney, Australia.The system was introduced between 1988 and 1993...	Magnetic stripe card	1988	Buses, trains and ferries	Planned to be superseded by the Opal smart card system http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/releases/110913_media_release_minister_announces_name_of_ets_will_be_opal.pdf.
Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....	Swiss Federal Railways	Swiss Pass	Magnetic stripe card	1989	Buses, trains, ships and tram Tram A tram is a passenger rail vehicle which runs on tracks along public urban streets and also sometimes on separate rights of way. It may also run between cities and/or towns , and/or partially grade separated even in the cities... ways
Greater London Greater London Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs. This territory is coterminate with the London Government Office Region and the London...	TfL Transport for London Transport for London is the local government body responsible for most aspects of the transport system in Greater London in England. Its role is to implement the transport strategy and to manage transport services across London...	Oyster card Oyster card The Oyster card is a form of electronic ticketing used on public transport services within the Greater London area of the United Kingdom. It is promoted by Transport for London and is valid on a number of different travel systems across London including London Underground, buses, the Docklands...	Smart card	July 2003	Bus London Buses London Buses is the subsidiary of Transport for London that manages bus services within Greater London, UK. Buses are required to carry similar red colour schemes and conform to the same fare scheme... , tube London Underground The London Underground is a rapid transit system serving a large part of Greater London and some parts of Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Essex in England... , trams, DLR Docklands Light Railway The Docklands Light Railway is an automated light metro or light rail system opened on 31 August 1987 to serve the redeveloped Docklands area of London... , London Overground London Overground London Overground is a suburban rail network in London and Hertfordshire. It has been operated by London Overground Rail Operations since 2007 as part of the National Rail network, under the franchise control and branding of Transport for London...  and some National Rail National Rail National Rail is a title used by the Association of Train Operating Companies as a generic term to define the passenger rail services operated in Great Britain...  services
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west...	Translink Translink (Northern Ireland) Translink is the brand name of the Northern Ireland Transport Holding Company , a public corporation in Northern Ireland which provides the public transport in the region. NI Railways, Ulsterbus and Metro are all part of Translink....	Smartlink	Smart card	October 2009	Bus In Belfast, Bus In Derry/Londonderry Ulsterbus Foyle Ulsterbus Foyle is a brandname developed by Ulsterbus for its services in Derry, Northern Ireland. The service was opened on 4 September 2006 following a review and expansion of the city's bus routes and replacement of many of the cities older buses.... , Regional & Intercity Bus Ulsterbus Ulsterbus is a public transport operator in Northern Ireland and operates bus services outside Belfast. It is part of Translink , which also includes Northern Ireland Railways, Metro Belfast and Flexibus.-Services:Ulsterbus is responsible for most of the province-wide bus... , Railways services
Melbourne Melbourne Melbourne is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2009, the greater...	Metlink Metlink Metlink, formerly The Met, is the marketing body and umbrella brand for public train, tram and bus transport operators in Greater Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.-Responsibilities:Metlink is responsible for the promotion of travel by public transport...	Metcard Metcard "OneLink" redirects here. For the computer/cable company, see OneLink Communications.Metcard is the brand name of an integrated ticketing system used to access public transport in Melbourne, Australia. It is a universal ticket which allows users to ride on the city's Metlink network, consisting of...	Magnetic stripe card	May 1998	Buses, trains and trams	Will be superseded by the myki Myki myki is the contactless smartcard ticketing system being introduced on public transport in Victoria, Australia. myki is designed to replace a number of ticket systems in Victoria, primarily the Metcard and V/Line ticketing systems...  smart card system.
South East Queensland South East Queensland South East Queensland is a region of the state of Queensland in Australia, which contains approximately two-thirds of the state population...	TransLink TransLink (South East Queensland) The TransLink Transit Authority is the authority introduced by the Queensland Government in June 2003 as a section of Queensland Transport to coordinate and integrate rail, bus and ferry services. TransLink works with Airtrain, Brisbane Transport, Brisbane Ferries, QR Citytrain and 17 other...	go card TransLink Go card The go card is an electronic smartcard ticketing system developed by Cubic Corporation and currently used on the TransLink public transport network in South East Queensland. To use the go card users hold the card less than 10 cm away from the reader to "touch on" before starting a journey, and...	Smart card	January 2008	Buses, trains and ferries
Auckland Auckland The Auckland metropolitan area , in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country with residents, percent of the country's population. Auckland also has the largest Polynesian population of any city in the world...	Auckland Transport	HOP card HOP card The HOP card is a contactless electronic ticketing card which was released in several stages onto NZ Bus services in Auckland, New Zealand, in May 2011. This implementation is the first phase in the introduction of an integrated ticketing and smart card system which will be used on all public... /Snapper card Snapper card The Snapper card is a contactless electronic ticketing card used to pay for bus fares and other small purchases, such as food. It was introduced in Wellington, New Zealand, in July 2008...	Smart card	2011	Buses. To be extended to trains and ferries in 2012.
Greater Dublin Area Greater Dublin Area Greater Dublin Area , or simply Greater Dublin, is a term which is used to describe the city of Dublin and various counties in the hinterland of the city in Ireland. The term has no basis in law and no local government, department of government or agency of the state is bound by the term...	National Transport Authority	Leap card	Smart card	Planned Q4 2011	Buses, trains, LUAS Luas Luas , also promoted in the development stage as the Dublin Light Rail System, is a tram or light rail system serving Dublin, the first such system in the decades since the closure of the last of the Dublin tramways. In 2007, the system carried 28.4 million passengers, a growth of 10% since...  and the future Metro Dublin Metro The Dublin Metro is a proposed metro system for the city of Dublin. The first two lines were set out in the Irish Government's 2005 Transport 21 transport plan: they are known as Metro North and Metro West...	Will also include commercial bus operators wishing to join the scheme.
Greater Stockholm	SL Storstockholms Lokaltrafik Storstockholms Lokaltrafik AB, , commonly referred to as SL, is the organisation running all of the land based public transport systems in Stockholm County....	Unknown	Magnetic stripe card	Unknown	Buses, Metro, rail, tram, ferries Public transport in Stockholm Public transport in Stockholm consists of bus, metro, regional/suburban rail, light rail, tram and archipelago boat operation in Stockholm County, Sweden. The bus and rail is organized by Storstockholms Lokaltrafik , SL, which is owned by the Stockholm County Council...	Will be replaced by the SL Access smart card system.
Perth Perth, Western Australia Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia and the fourth most populous city in Australia. The Perth metropolitan area has an estimated population of almost 1,700,000....	Transperth Transperth Transperth is the brand name of the public transport system in Perth, Western Australia. It is operated by the Public Transport Authority.-History:...	SmartRider SmartRider SmartRider is Transperth's contactless electronic ticketing system using smartcard technology for the process of charging patrons for public transport in Western Australia....	Smart card	January 2007	Buses, trains and ferries	Replaced the MultiRider MultiRider The MultiRider was a pre-purchased magnetic-stripe ticketing system used on rail, bus, and ferry services operated under the Transperth brand, either by or under contract for the Public Transport Authority of Western Australia...  magnetic stripe card system. Paper tickets are also available. SmartRider is also available for use in Geraldton.
Paris Paris Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...	RATP/SNCF SNCF The SNCF , is France's national state-owned railway company. SNCF operates the country's national rail services, including the TGV, France's high-speed rail network...	Navigo pass, Mobilis/Jeunes one-day tickets	Smart card / magnetic ticket	2006	Subway, commuter rail (RER and Transilien), tramway, bus
Singapore Singapore Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...	SMRT Corporation SMRT Corporation SMRT Corporation is a public transport operator incorporated on March 6, 2000, as a result of an industry overhaul to form multi-modal public-transport operators in Singapore. It is the second-largest public-transport company in Singapore after ComfortDelGro... /SBS Transit SBS Transit SBS Transit Limited is a public transport operator in Singapore. Its major competitor in Singapore's duopoly transport system is SMRT Corporation, which also operates bus, rail, taxi and other transport services....	EZ-Link card	Smart card	2001	MRT (subway), bus, parking	CEPAS CEPAS CEPAS, or Contactless e-Purse Application, is a Singaporean specification for an electronic money smart card. CEPAS has been deployed islandwide, replacing the previous original EZ-Link card effective 1 October 2009.- Function :... -compliant EZ-Link cards have replaced original EZ-Link cards in 2009.