All Topics  
Indulines

 

 
   Email Print
   Bookmark   Link
 

 

Indulines
 
 
  Topics Indulines Topic Home

Indulines are a series of dye
Dye

A dye can generally be described as a colored substance that has an Chemical affinity to the Wiktionary:substrate to which it is being applied....
stuffs of blue, bluish-red or black shades, formed by the interaction of para-amino azo compound
Azo compound

Azo compounds are chemical compound bearing the functional group R-N=N-R', in which R and R' can be either aryl or alkyl. The N=N group is called an azo group, although the parent compound, HNNH, is called diimide....
s with primary monoamines in the presence of a small quantity of a mineral acid
Mineral acid

A mineral acid is an acid derived from one or more inorganic chemistry compounds. A mineral acid does not contain any carbon atoms and all mineral acids release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water....
. They were first discovered in 1863 by J. Dale and H. Caro, and since then have been examined by many chemist
Chemist

A chemist is a scientist trained in the science of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties such as density, acidity, size and shape....
s.

They are derivatives of the eurhodines (aminophenazines, aminonaphthophenazines), and by means of their diazo derivatives can be de-amidated, yielding in this way azonium salt
Salt

A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and base . Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically electric charge ....
s; consequently they may be considered as amidated azonium salts.






Discussion
Ask a question about 'Indulines'
Start a new discussion about 'Indulines'
Answer questions from other users
Full Discussion Forum



Encyclopedia


Indulines are a series of dye
Dye

A dye can generally be described as a colored substance that has an Chemical affinity to the Wiktionary:substrate to which it is being applied....
stuffs of blue, bluish-red or black shades, formed by the interaction of para-amino azo compound
Azo compound

Azo compounds are chemical compound bearing the functional group R-N=N-R', in which R and R' can be either aryl or alkyl. The N=N group is called an azo group, although the parent compound, HNNH, is called diimide....
s with primary monoamines in the presence of a small quantity of a mineral acid
Mineral acid

A mineral acid is an acid derived from one or more inorganic chemistry compounds. A mineral acid does not contain any carbon atoms and all mineral acids release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water....
. They were first discovered in 1863 by J. Dale and H. Caro, and since then have been examined by many chemist
Chemist

A chemist is a scientist trained in the science of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties such as density, acidity, size and shape....
s.

They are derivatives of the eurhodines (aminophenazines, aminonaphthophenazines), and by means of their diazo derivatives can be de-amidated, yielding in this way azonium salt
Salt

A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and base . Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically electric charge ....
s; consequently they may be considered as amidated azonium salts. The first reaction giving a clue to their constitution was the isolation of the intermediate azophenin by O. Witt, which was proved by Fischer and Hepp to be dianilidoquinone dianil, a similar intermediate compound being found shortly afterwards in the naphthalene
Naphthalene

Naphthalene, also known as naphthalin, naphthaline, tar camphor, white tar, albocarbon, or antimite and not to be confused with naphtha, is a crystalline, Aromaticity, white, solid hydrocarbon with formula Carbon10hydrogen8 and the structure of two fused benzene rings....
 series. Azophenin, C30H24N4, is prepared by warming quinone dianil with aniline
Aniline

Aniline, phenylamine or aminobenzene is an organic compound with the Chemical formula C6H7N. It is the simplest and one of the most important aromatic amines, being used as a precursor to more complex chemicals....
; by melting together quinone
Quinone

Quinones are "compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic Diketone structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of ?CH= groups into ?C? groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds ."...
, aniline and aniline hydrochloride
Hydrochloride

In chemistry, hydrochlorides are salt s resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic Base . This is also known as muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's other name: muriatic acid....
; or by the action of aniline on para-nitrosophenol or para-nitrosodiphenylamine. The indulines are prepared as mentioned above from aminoazo compounds, or by condensing oxy- and amido-quinones with phenylated ortho-diamines. The indulines may be subdivided into the following groups: (1) benzindulines, derivatives of phenazine; (2) isorosindulines; and (3) rosindulines, both derived from naphthophenazine; and (4) naphthindulines, derived from naphthazine.

The rosindulines and naphthindulines have a strongly basic
Base (chemistry)

In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept protons. A base is also often referred to as an alkali if OH- ions are involved....
 character, and their salt
Salt

A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and base . Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically electric charge ....
s possess a marked red color and fluorescence
Fluorescence

Fluorescence is a luminescence that is mostly found as an optical phenomenon in cold bodies, in which the molecular absorption of a photon triggers the emission of a photon with a longer wavelength....
. Benzinduline (aposafranine), C16H13N3, is a strong base, but cannot be diazotized, unless it be dissolved in concentrated mineral acid
Mineral acid

A mineral acid is an acid derived from one or more inorganic chemistry compounds. A mineral acid does not contain any carbon atoms and all mineral acids release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water....
s. When warmed with aniline it yields anilido-aposafranine, which may also be obtained by the direct oxidation of ortho-aminodiphenylamine. Isorosinduline is obtained from quinone dichlorimide and phenyl-13-naphthylamine; rosinduline from benzeneazo-a-naphthylamine and aniline and naphthinduline from benzeneazo-a-naphthylamine and naphthylamine.