Hydrochloride

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Hydrochloride

In chemistry, hydrochlorides are salts resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong acid mineral acid and has major industrial uses....
with an organic base

Base (chemistry)

In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept protons. A base is also often referred to as an alkali if OH- ions are involved....
(mostly amine

Amine

Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a base nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivative s of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups....
s). This is also known as muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's other name: muriatic acid.

For example, reaction of pyridine

Pyridine

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Encyclopedia

In chemistry, hydrochlorides are salts resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong acid mineral acid and has major industrial uses....
with an organic base

Base (chemistry)

In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept protons. A base is also often referred to as an alkali if OH- ions are involved....
(mostly amine

Amine

Pyridine

Pyridine is a simple and important heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the formula CarbonHydrogenNitrogen. This colorless liquid with a distinctive fish-like odor is structurally related to benzene, wherein one CH group in the six-membered ring is replaced by a nitrogen atom....
(C₅H₅N) with hydrochloric acid (HCl) yields pyridine hydrochloride (C₅H₅N·HCl). Even though this style of formulas is often used for denoting the hydrochlorides, the dot incorrectly implies that the two molecules are weakly bonded together. It is the salt C₅H₅NH⁺ Cl^- with correct chemical name pyridinium chloride.

Uses

Converting insoluble amines into hydrochlorides is a common way to make them water- and acid-soluble

Solubility

Solubility is often seen as a property of a substance; for instance the solubility of a solid substance usually refers to the concentration of the substance in a liquid that has reached equilibrium with the substance in solid phase ....
. This is particularly desirable for substances used in medications. Many pharmaceutical substances are prepared as hydrochlorides so that they may be quickly released in the gastrointestinal tract; the body usually absorbs a hydrochloride within 15 - 30 minutes.

Examples of hydrochlorides in medical uses are many, ranging from over-the-counter

Over-the-counter drug

Over-the-counter drugs are medications that may be sold to a customer without a medical prescription. The term "over-the-counter" is somewhat counter-intuitive, since these items can often be found on the shelves of stores and bought like any other packaged product in some countries in contrast to prescription drug which are more likely to l...
sinus relief to antidepressants.

Hydrochloride

Uses

See also