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Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm (Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
 ?´???? ????´?????? ??´??) (July 8 1895 – April 12 1971) was a Soviet physicist
Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many Physics#Major fields of physics spanning all length scales: from atom particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole ....
, mathematician
Mathematician

A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and/or research is the field of mathematics....
 and a Nobel laureate.

was born in Vladivostok
Vladivostok

File:vladivostokrussia.jpgVladivostok is Russia's largest port types of inhabited localities in Russia on the Pacific Ocean and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai....
, Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
 (now Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
), studied at the grammar school in Elisavetgrad (now Kirovohrad
Kirovohrad

Kirovohrad , is a city in central Ukraine. It is located on the Inhul river. It is a railway and a motorway junction. Pop. 239,400 .Developed around a military settlement the city got to prominence in the 19th century when it became an important trade centre enjoying the rights of the Ukrainian culture promoter with the first professional t...
, Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
). In 1913-1914 he studied at the University of Edinburgh
University of Edinburgh

The University of Edinburgh founded in 1582, is an internationally renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom....
 together with his gymnasium school
Gymnasium (school)

A gymnasium is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English Grammar schools in the United Kingdoms or sixth form colleges and U.S....
 friend Boris Hessen
Boris Hessen

Boris Mikhailovich Hessen , also Gessen was a USSR physicist, philosophy and History of science. He is most famous for his paper on Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica which became foundational in historiography of science....
. He then moved to the Moscow State University
Moscow State University

M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , for a time the Lomonosov University , is the largest university in Russia. Founded in 1755, it also claims to be the oldest university in Russia....
 from which graduated in 1918. In 1928 Igor Tamm spent a few months with Paul Ehrenfest
Paul Ehrenfest

Paul Ehrenfest was an Austrian physicist and mathematician, who obtained Netherlands citizenship on March 24, 1922. He made major contributions to the field of statistical mechanics and its relations with quantum physics, including the theory of phase transition and the Ehrenfest theorem....
 at the University of Leiden
Leiden University

Leiden University , located in the city of Leiden, is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation#Oldest Universities by Region university in the Netherlands....
.

In 1945 he developed an approximation method for many-body physics.






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Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm (Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
 ?´???? ????´?????? ??´??) (July 8 1895 – April 12 1971) was a Soviet physicist
Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many Physics#Major fields of physics spanning all length scales: from atom particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole ....
, mathematician
Mathematician

A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and/or research is the field of mathematics....
 and a Nobel laureate.

Biography

Tamm was born in Vladivostok
Vladivostok

File:vladivostokrussia.jpgVladivostok is Russia's largest port types of inhabited localities in Russia on the Pacific Ocean and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai....
, Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
 (now Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
), studied at the grammar school in Elisavetgrad (now Kirovohrad
Kirovohrad

Kirovohrad , is a city in central Ukraine. It is located on the Inhul river. It is a railway and a motorway junction. Pop. 239,400 .Developed around a military settlement the city got to prominence in the 19th century when it became an important trade centre enjoying the rights of the Ukrainian culture promoter with the first professional t...
, Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
). In 1913-1914 he studied at the University of Edinburgh
University of Edinburgh

The University of Edinburgh founded in 1582, is an internationally renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom....
 together with his gymnasium school
Gymnasium (school)

A gymnasium is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English Grammar schools in the United Kingdoms or sixth form colleges and U.S....
 friend Boris Hessen
Boris Hessen

Boris Mikhailovich Hessen , also Gessen was a USSR physicist, philosophy and History of science. He is most famous for his paper on Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica which became foundational in historiography of science....
. He then moved to the Moscow State University
Moscow State University

M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , for a time the Lomonosov University , is the largest university in Russia. Founded in 1755, it also claims to be the oldest university in Russia....
 from which graduated in 1918. In 1928 Igor Tamm spent a few months with Paul Ehrenfest
Paul Ehrenfest

Paul Ehrenfest was an Austrian physicist and mathematician, who obtained Netherlands citizenship on March 24, 1922. He made major contributions to the field of statistical mechanics and its relations with quantum physics, including the theory of phase transition and the Ehrenfest theorem....
 at the University of Leiden
Leiden University

Leiden University , located in the city of Leiden, is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation#Oldest Universities by Region university in the Netherlands....
.

In 1945 he developed an approximation method for many-body physics. As Sidney Dancoff
Sidney Dancoff

Sidney Michael Dancoff was an United States theoretical physicist best known for the Tamm-Dancoff approximation method and for nearly developing a renormalization method for solving quantum electrodynamics ....
 developed it independently in 1950, it is now called the Tamm-Dancoff approximation.

He was the Nobel Laureate in Physics
Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine....
 for the year 1958 together with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov
Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov

Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov was a Soviet physicist who won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1958 for his scientific contributions....
 and Ilya Mikhailovich Frank
Ilya Frank

Ilya Mikhailovich Frank was a Soviet winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1958 jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Igor Tamm, also of the Soviet Union....
 for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov-Vavilov effect.

In 1951 together with Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov
Andrei Sakharov

Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov was an eminent Soviet Union Nuclear physics physicist, dissident and human rights activist. Sakharov was an advocate of civil liberties and reforms in the Soviet Union....
 proposed a tokamak
Tokamak

A tokamak is a machine producing a torus magnetic field for plasma equilibria and stability a plasma . It is one of several types of magnetic fusion energy, and it is one of the most-researched candidates for producing controlled thermonuclear fusion power....
 system of the realization of CTF on the basis of toroidal
Toroidal

Toroidal may refer to:*Toroidal inductors and transformers, a type of electrical device*Torus, a doughnut-shaped object whose surface is a torus...
 magnetic thermonuclear reactor
Nuclear fusion

In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, nuclear fusion is the process by which multiple like-charged atomic nuclei join together to form a heavier nucleus....
 and soon after the first such devices were built by the , resulting the T-3 Soviet magnetic confinement device from 1968, when the plasma
Plasma (physics)

In physics and chemistry, plasma is a partially ionized gas, in which a certain proportion of electrons are free rather than being bound to an atom or molecule....
 parameters unique for that time were obtained, of showing the temperatures in their machine to be over an order of magnitude higher than what was expected by the rest of the community. The western scientists visited the experiment and verified the high temperatures and confinement, sparking a wave of optimism for the prospects of the tokamak as well as construction of new experiments, which is still the dominant magnetic confinement device today.

Tamm died in Moscow
Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
, Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
 (now Russia). Lunar crater Tamm
Tamm (crater)

Tamm is a shallow Moon impact crater. It is located to the west-northwest of the much larger and more prominent crater Chaplygin . Attached to the south-southwestern outer rim of Tamm is the smaller Van den Bos ....
 is named after him.

Tamm was a student of Leonid Isaakovich Mandelshtam in science and life.