Hangal
Encyclopedia
Hangal is a town in Haveri district
in the India
n state
of Karnataka
. It is 75 km away from Hubli-Dharwad.It is on the left bank of the Dharma river, and has ruins of some fortification on the
river bank. The town has a huge lake near Billeshwara temple called Anekere. This town is named Viratnagar of Mahabharath. famous Cultural sport of the hangal is "HattiHabba" The town has a huge Tarakeshwara temple. Other temple in the town are Ganesha temple, Virabhadra, Billeshwara and Ramalinga are the important temples. And a famous Veerashaiva Kumaraswami matha
located in this town.
Hangal was also called as Hanungal.
Hangal was the capital of the Hangal Kadambas
, feudatories of the Kalyani Chalukyas. It is
mentioned as Panungal in early records and identified by tradition with
Viratanagara of Mahabharata
days. It was once the headquarters of a district called Panungal-500.
Deccan( 10th - 12th century). Chalukyas were renowned for their architectural (Gadag style)
innovations, built out of the grey green chloritic schist of the region. For example
monuments (temple) at Mahadeva Temple (Itagi)
, Gadag, Hangal and Lakkundi
.
So Hangal comes under the core area of Western Chalukya.
The Western Chalukyas
(in 973) rose to power by defeating the Rashtrakutas with the help of Kadambas
. Then Kadambas
chief Chatta Deva was allowed by Taila II to rule Banavasi
, he (during 980 - 1031 AD), consolidated his domain in the western Tungabhadra river
basin under Chalukya shelter.
At Hangal there are many historical temples, those are related to Chalukyas and Hoysalas. Tarakeshwara temple, Veerabhadra Temple, Billeshwara Temple are very attractive.
.
The outer walls of the temple are articulated with both Dravidian
and nagara style of miniature shikaras.
The temple is famous for its very large domical
ceiling in the main hall, which rises, in concentric circles of cusped mouldings, and then, at the apex, falling again in a great rosette or pendant.
There is Ganesha temple near Tarakeshwara temple, which has a Nagara style (northern curvilinear) Shikhara.
The Jain temple at Hangal in the fort area (at horticulture department premises). It is mostly built after AD 1150. The temple is beautifully decorated but there is need of conservation and restoration. The temple has Hoysala style of architecture. The temple was built on a stepped plan. It has an open hall and sanctuary but both do not have their superstructure now. The sculptural decoration (includes flowers, garlands, torana, animals, birds and gods) upper portion of the wall is elaborate. The temple walls are decorated with thin pilasters. The open hall has lathe turned pillars.
Bileshwara temple is in the Hoysala style. Main attraction of this Temple is its elaborately carved jambs of doorframe of garbhagudi. At the lower end of each (right and left sides of doorframe) there are 5 carved figures include Manmatha is in the central projection, Rati is at his side with Daksha (the goat headed god), and both flanked by attendants. It consists of a sanctuary facing (incomplete), the outer walls decorated with design look like temple towers. and has a carved decoration consists of diamond shapes. The square panels with serpents with intertwined tails, animals, musicians, and foliage.
, Hangal had a population of 25,011. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Hangal has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 60%. In Hangal, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Haveri District
Haveri is a district in the state of Karnataka, India with the potential to become a tourist hub. As of 2001, it had a population of 1,439,116 of which 20.78% were urban residents.-Tourism:Examples of tourist attractions in the district:...
in the India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n state
States and territories of India
India is a federal union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.-List of states and territories:...
of Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...
. It is 75 km away from Hubli-Dharwad.It is on the left bank of the Dharma river, and has ruins of some fortification on the
river bank. The town has a huge lake near Billeshwara temple called Anekere. This town is named Viratnagar of Mahabharath. famous Cultural sport of the hangal is "HattiHabba" The town has a huge Tarakeshwara temple. Other temple in the town are Ganesha temple, Virabhadra, Billeshwara and Ramalinga are the important temples. And a famous Veerashaiva Kumaraswami matha
Matha
A matha ) is a term for monastic and similar religious establishments of Hinduism and Jainism. A matha is usually more formal, hierarchical, and rule-based than an ashram.-Advaita Mathas:...
located in this town.
History
Hangal was the capital of the Hangal Kadambas
Kadambas
The Kadamba Dynasty was an ancient royal family of Karnataka that ruled from Banavasi in present day Uttara Kannada district. The dynasty later continued to rule as a feudatory of larger Kannada empires, the Chalukya and the Rashtrakuta empires for over five hundred years during which time they...
, feudatories of the Kalyani Chalukyas. It is
mentioned as Panungal in early records and identified by tradition with
Viratanagara of Mahabharata
Mahabharata
The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India and Nepal, the other being the Ramayana. The epic is part of itihasa....
days. It was once the headquarters of a district called Panungal-500.
Kadambas
- KadambasKadambasThe Kadamba Dynasty was an ancient royal family of Karnataka that ruled from Banavasi in present day Uttara Kannada district. The dynasty later continued to rule as a feudatory of larger Kannada empires, the Chalukya and the Rashtrakuta empires for over five hundred years during which time they...
is an ancient dynasty of south India who primarily ruled the region which is present day GoaGoaGoa , a former Portuguese colony, is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in South West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its...
state and nearby KonkanKonkanThe Konkan also called the Konkan Coast or Karavali is a rugged section of the western coastline of India from Raigad to Mangalore...
region (part of modern MaharashtraMaharashtraMaharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...
and KarnatakaKarnatakaKarnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...
state). The early rulers of this dynasty established themselves at Vaijayanti or BanavasiBanavasiBanavasi is an ancient temple town in Uttara Kannada District bordering Shivamogga district in the South Indian state of Karnataka .-History:Banavasi is one of the oldest towns in the Karnataka state...
in 345 AD and ruled as independent rulers for more than 2 centuries.
- The KadambasKadambasThe Kadamba Dynasty was an ancient royal family of Karnataka that ruled from Banavasi in present day Uttara Kannada district. The dynasty later continued to rule as a feudatory of larger Kannada empires, the Chalukya and the Rashtrakuta empires for over five hundred years during which time they...
, the earliest known dynasty to patronize JainismJainismJainism is an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Its philosophy and practice emphasize the necessity of self-effort to move the soul towards divine consciousness and liberation. Any soul that has conquered its own inner enemies and achieved the state...
was that of the KadambasKadambasThe Kadamba Dynasty was an ancient royal family of Karnataka that ruled from Banavasi in present day Uttara Kannada district. The dynasty later continued to rule as a feudatory of larger Kannada empires, the Chalukya and the Rashtrakuta empires for over five hundred years during which time they...
who ruled around 485 A.D. This is evident from Kamalajinalaya built near BanavasiBanavasiBanavasi is an ancient temple town in Uttara Kannada District bordering Shivamogga district in the South Indian state of Karnataka .-History:Banavasi is one of the oldest towns in the Karnataka state...
by Ravivarma. There were several other Jaina monuments built under Kadamba patronage. Parsvanatha temple at Kuppatur built for Kadamba queen Maladevi and Jaina temple built in Hangal, fort are two such examples.
- In 607 AD, Chalukyas of Vatapi (BadamiBadamiBadami , formerly known as Vatapi, is a town and headquarters of a taluk by the same name, in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. It was the regal capital of the Badami Chalukyas from 540 to 757 AD. It is famous for rock cut and other structural temples...
) sacked BanavasiBanavasiBanavasi is an ancient temple town in Uttara Kannada District bordering Shivamogga district in the South Indian state of Karnataka .-History:Banavasi is one of the oldest towns in the Karnataka state...
and Kadamba kingdom was incorporated into expanding Chalukya empire. In 8th century AD, Badami Chalukyas were overthrown by Rashtrakutas who ruled supreme in south India till 10th century.
Western Chalukyas
Hangal attained significance under the Kalyani Chalukyas who were the chief powers in theDeccan( 10th - 12th century). Chalukyas were renowned for their architectural (Gadag style)
innovations, built out of the grey green chloritic schist of the region. For example
monuments (temple) at Mahadeva Temple (Itagi)
Mahadeva Temple (Itagi)
Itagi is in Yalburga Taluk, Koppal District, in North Karnataka, Karnataka, India. It is about 7 km from Kuknur. It is near to Lakkundi about 20 km.Itagi is famous for the Chalukya style Mahadeva Temple...
, Gadag, Hangal and Lakkundi
Lakkundi
Lakkundi in Gadag District of Karnataka is a tiny village on the way to Hampi from Hubli. Lakkundi 11 km from Gadag in the east...
.
So Hangal comes under the core area of Western Chalukya.
The Western Chalukyas
Western Chalukyas
The Western Chalukya Empire ruled most of the western Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. This dynasty is sometimes called the Kalyani Chalukya after its regal capital at Kalyani, today's Basavakalyan in Karnataka and alternatively the Later Chalukya from its theoretical...
(in 973) rose to power by defeating the Rashtrakutas with the help of Kadambas
Kadambas
The Kadamba Dynasty was an ancient royal family of Karnataka that ruled from Banavasi in present day Uttara Kannada district. The dynasty later continued to rule as a feudatory of larger Kannada empires, the Chalukya and the Rashtrakuta empires for over five hundred years during which time they...
. Then Kadambas
Kadambas
The Kadamba Dynasty was an ancient royal family of Karnataka that ruled from Banavasi in present day Uttara Kannada district. The dynasty later continued to rule as a feudatory of larger Kannada empires, the Chalukya and the Rashtrakuta empires for over five hundred years during which time they...
chief Chatta Deva was allowed by Taila II to rule Banavasi
Banavasi
Banavasi is an ancient temple town in Uttara Kannada District bordering Shivamogga district in the South Indian state of Karnataka .-History:Banavasi is one of the oldest towns in the Karnataka state...
, he (during 980 - 1031 AD), consolidated his domain in the western Tungabhadra river
Tungabhadra River
The Tungabhadra River is a sacred river in southern India that flows through the state of Karnataka to Andhra Pradesh, where it serves as the chief tributary of the Krishna River...
basin under Chalukya shelter.
Hoysalas
Hangal gained importance during the rule of Kalyani Chalukyas (10th to the 12th century), and later came under the Hoysalas with the decline of the Chalukyas. Bileshwara temple at Hangal is in the Hoysala style.Tourism attractions
Tarakeshwara temple
Hangal has a huge structure with wonderful series of images and polished tall Chalukya pillars. The Tarakeshwara temple (mid 12th century), dedicated to ShivaShiva
Shiva is a major Hindu deity, and is the destroyer god or transformer among the Trimurti, the Hindu Trinity of the primary aspects of the divine. God Shiva is a yogi who has notice of everything that happens in the world and is the main aspect of life. Yet one with great power lives a life of a...
.
The outer walls of the temple are articulated with both Dravidian
Dravidian architecture
Dravidian architecture was a style of architecture that emerged thousands of years ago in Southern part of the Indian subcontinent or South India. They consist primarily of pyramid shaped temples called Koils which are dependent on intricate carved stone in order to create a step design consisting...
and nagara style of miniature shikaras.
The temple is famous for its very large domical
ceiling in the main hall, which rises, in concentric circles of cusped mouldings, and then, at the apex, falling again in a great rosette or pendant.
- Kirtimukhas are wonderfully done, including Scenes from the Ramayana on these walls.
- The open hall contains (at its centre), a most intricately carved, domical corbelled lotus ceiling.
- The rock is carved in the form of a lotus and is 30 feet in diameter, is a octagonal piece of stone supported on 8 pillars.
- The temple consists of a sanctuary with a great adjoining pillared hall.
- Pillars are lathe-turned have bell-shaped section. There are plenty of decorative art on pillars, having elephants carved in such a way that a visible space separates the trunks from the pillar. A simple diamond shaped motif that are carved in bands around pillars are done in different sizes and minor variations.
- Nandi pavilion resting on 12 pillars and leaning balcony seating.
- The columns are lathe turned (have geometric shapes).
- Both halls have stepped pyramidal roofs.
- The outer walls are decorated with carvings of miniature temples.
- There are memorial stones carved with religious (Mastigallu)and military scenes(Veeragallu).
There is Ganesha temple near Tarakeshwara temple, which has a Nagara style (northern curvilinear) Shikhara.
Jain Temple in the Fort
Veerabhadra Temple
Veerabhadra Temple located in the Hangal Fort, it is very beautifully carved temple. There is a need to carry out conservation and restoration work form Archeological Survey of India.Billeshwara Temple
Kumaraswamy Matha
Demographics
India censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
, Hangal had a population of 25,011. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Hangal has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 60%. In Hangal, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
See also
|
North Karnataka North Karnataka is an arid plateau from elevation in the Karnataka state of southwest India. It is drained by the Krishna River and its tributaries the Bhima, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, and Tungabhadra... Lakshmeshwar Lakshmeshwara is a town in Shirahatti taluk, Gadag district, North Karnataka, in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is about 50 km from Gadag and 55 km from Hubli. Lakshmeshwara is an agricultural trading town.... Chaudayyadanapura Chaudayyadanapura is a small village in Ranebennur taluk of Haveri District in North Karnataka, Karnataka. All facets of Indian civilisation are exemplified in an exquisite Mukteshwara temple, with the highest degree of refinement.-Introduction:The North Karnataka is one of the richest areas of... Galaganatha Galaganatha is a small village located in Haveri Taluk and Haveri District, North Karnataka.It has a famous temple called Galageshwara Shiva Temple built by chalukyas. This large temple faces east and is situated along the Tungabhadra river. The rivers Tunga and Varada join at this place.- History... Dilwara Temples The Jain Dilwara temples of India are located about 2½ kilometers from Mount Abu, Rajasthan's only hill station. These temples built by Chalukya between the 11th and 13th centuries AD are world famous for their stunning use of marble. The five legendary marble temples of Dilwara are a sacred... , Mount Abu, Rajastan |