Green Building on College Campuses
Encyclopedia
Green building on college campuses is the purposeful construction
of buildings on college
campuses that decreases resource usage in both the building process and also the future use of the building. The goal is to reduce emissions, energy use, and water use, while creating an atmosphere where students can be healthy and learn. Universities across the country are building to green standards set forth by the USGBC, United States Green Building Council
. The USGBC is a non-profit organization that promotes sustainability
in how buildings are designed and built. This organization created the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
(LEED) rating system, which is a certification process that provides verification that a building is environmentally sustainable. In the United States, commercial and residential buildings account for 70 percent of the electricity use and over 38 percent of emissions. Because of these huge statistics regarding resource usage and emissions, the room for more efficient building practices is dramatic. Since college campuses are where the world’s future leaders are being taught, colleges are choosing to construct new buildings to green standards in order to promote environmental stewardship to their students. Colleges across the United States have taken leading roles in the construction of green building in order to reduce resource consumption, save money in the long run, and instill the importance on environmental sustainability on their students.
and architecture
has been proven to make the occupants more productive. Studies have shown a link between improved lighting design and a 27% reduction in the incidence of headaches. Also, students with the most daylighting in their classrooms progressed 20% faster on math tests and 26% faster on reading tests in one year than those with less daylighting. Both of these studies show that better lighting conditions, which are one of the main features of green buildings, can increase the productivity of its occupants. Students at colleges where green buildings are being used will benefit by increasing there potential to gain knowledge. The last important benefit of green buildings on college campuses is having the university seen as environmentally sustainable. Students are becoming increasingly aware of the issues the Earth faces with carbon emissions and increased consumption. These students want to attend universities that are striving to reduce their environmental impact. Universities participating in sustainable initiatives, like constructing green buildings, will attract more highly qualified students. Green buildings on campuses benefit both the school as well as the students.
(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Green Building Rating System. The development of the LEED Rating System has been nationally recognized as the leading method to construct green buildings. The rating system incorporates the design, construction, and maintenance of the building. LEED promotes a cradle-to-cradle approach in regards to construction and design materials. The rating system is composed of six sections: Site Planning, Water Management, Energy Management, Material Use, Indoor Air Quality, and the Innovation & Design Process. Each section is composed of credits and points, which ultimately determine how “green” the building is constructed, designed, and maintained.
Buildings can qualify for 4 types of certification:
Partners:
Australian National University
, Berkeley University, City of Zurich, Dundalk Institute of Technology
, EPF Lausanne, ETH Zurich
, Harvard University
, HEEPI, Hosei University
, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
, Los Angeles Community College District
, National University of Singapore
, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
, Stanford University
, The Sustainability Forum, Tongji University
, University of Applied Sciences of Trier-Birkenfeld, University of Copenhagen
, University of Zurich – CCRS, University of Gothenburg , University of Luxembourg
, Yale University
The International Green Construction Code is a part of the International Code Council
(ICC). As part of its commitment to green and sustainable safety concepts, the Code Council is excited to develop a new set of green codes under the multi-year initiative called “IGCC: Safe and Sustainable by the Book.” This initiative will include collaboration from the Council’s closest allies and pre-eminent thought leaders in green building, as well as outreach and feedback from our members and the general public. The International Green Construction Code is committed to developing an effective and efficient code that will continue our long tradition of international code guidance.
is an international organization that facilitates the green building councils of many developed and developing nations. The Council started in 1999 with its first meeting in California. Eight members attended the first meeting: U.S. Green Building Council, Green Building Council of Australia
, Spain Green Building Council, United Kingdom Green Building Council, Japan Green Building Council, United Arab Emirates, Russia and Canada. THE WorldGBC incorporated in 2002 and operates from Toronto, Canada. There are currently over 15 established GBCs and 35 emerging and prospective countries with GBCs.
in Portland, Oregon, “The orientation of the buildings is narrow in the north-south dimension. They are designed for optimum daylighting, ventilation, and for shading of one another. The exterior walls are designed so that areas of glass are created but shaded by exterior screens to prevent excessive heat gain.” This project aims to:
Stanford’s president, John L. Hennessy, said, “One of the biggest global challenges facing us today is the sustainable use of our planets natural resources. The Graduate School of Business will play a key role in helping us address these challenges by leading the way in its sustainable development of this new campus.” Stanford University is taking an active role in constructing green buildings on their campus and the Knight Management Center will be a great example of how a building can be sustainable.
, California. The academic laboratory and classroom facility demonstrates cost-effective, energy-efficient technologies and operations. The concrete and steel frame structure was complete in 2002 and cost approximately $27,500,000. Donald Bren Hall was the first laboratory to receive LEED Platinum accreditation, the highest rating achievable through the US Green Building Council’s national rating system, with the following building design features:
According to Great Buildings, "The Donald Bren School at the University of California, Santa Barbara takes advantage of a beautiful setting near the Pacific Ocean
to become a green building that embraces its environment not only for efficiency, but for experience. With a striking open courtyard, it provides ample opportunity for social interaction that makes the transition between indoors and outdoors much smoother and ephemeral than most buildings. Building Bren Hall with sustainable materials and methods is estimated to have added only 2% to the building cost, which will easily be offset over time by energy savings."
at Chapel Hill. The building consists of three major sections connected by covered breezeways. The central wing welcomes visitors to the education center as they enter the garden through a large breezeway. The east wing offers classrooms for students enrolled in workshops and classrooms, and the west wing features the Reeves Auditorium. This large multipurpose space is used for lectures, conferences, and special events. The Education Center plans to achieve a LEED Platinum rating, most likely the first ever in North Carolina, with these features:
The new Education Center expresses a sense of place and celebrates relationships between humans and nature through the integration of indoor and outdoor spaces. Open breezeways, comfortable porches, natural light in every room, beautiful native plant
landscaping, and educational exhibits inform, delight, and invite visitors to the Conservation Garden. Most of all, the building is a center of learning, teaching both the science and the enjoyment of plants and nature
.
’s new football complex, the James W. Heavener Football Complex, was completed in 2008 and received LEED Platinum rating for the environmental sustainability of the building. The facility contractor was PPI Construction Management and the architect was RDG Planning and Design. The building includes offices, conference rooms, an atrium to display the football teams accomplishments, and a weight training facility. The LEED rated the complex 52 out of the 69 available points for the certification, which gave the building the Platinum rating. This facility is the first platinum athletic facility in the United States as well as the first platinum rated building in the state of Florida. The $28 million building exceeded the original goal of obtaining a LEED Silver rating.
This building has many features that helped it to achieve the Platinum level. The features dealing with water usage reduce the buildings indoor water use by 40 percent. Due to all of the facility’s energy saving features the building has exceeded the state and national energy requirements by 35 percent. Another interesting fact about the construction of this building is that most of the material used in the construction came from with in 500 miles of the University of Florida
, which reduce the emissions created form transporting the material. Also 78 percent of the building debris was recycled. The assistant director of LEED at UF, Bahar Armaghani, said, “Green Buildings are not exclusively concerned with saving money through more efficient technology. They are also investments for the well-being of the people and environment.” The University of Florida has taken on an initiative to have all new construction be LEED Gold certified or higher and with the construction of this facility the school has surpassed their own requirements by achieving the Platinum rating.
Key Features of the Heavener Football Complex:
provides a model for environmentally responsive design that meets the social needs of the campus and the larger region. Situated on Beirut's seafront and main public thoroughfare, the new 204000 sq ft (18,952.2 m²). facility houses competitive and recreational athletic facilities for swimming, basketball, handball, volleyball, squash, exercise and weight training. The space also includes an auditorium with associated meeting rooms, cafeteria with study space, and underground parking for 200 cars.
Green Building methods:
Phase-III (DIAC phase-III) comprises four academic buildings and a food court spread over a total built up area of 600000 square feet (55,741.8 m²). It has received the Silver LEED certification, and is expected to save approximately AED2.3 million per year from reduced energy costs, district cooling demand changes, irrigation water costs, sewage tanker and domestic water costs.
Green Building component Features:
These features will make this cluster 21.7% more energy efficient than the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE) 90.1 - 2004 standards. will also consume 30% less water than the standards set by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as 40% less irrigation water. These savings have been achieved by the installation of ultra-low flow water restrictors in wash basins and dual-flush tanks in wash rooms, as well as additives in the soil for the landscape areas.
Construction
In the fields of architecture and civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure. Far from being a single activity, large scale construction is a feat of human multitasking...
of buildings on college
College
A college is an educational institution or a constituent part of an educational institution. Usage varies in English-speaking nations...
campuses that decreases resource usage in both the building process and also the future use of the building. The goal is to reduce emissions, energy use, and water use, while creating an atmosphere where students can be healthy and learn. Universities across the country are building to green standards set forth by the USGBC, United States Green Building Council
United States Green Building Council
The U.S. Green Building Council , co-founded by Mike Italiano, David Gottfried and Rick Fedrizzi in 1993, is a non-profit trade organization that promotes sustainability in how buildings are designed, built, and operated...
. The USGBC is a non-profit organization that promotes sustainability
Sustainability
Sustainability is the capacity to endure. For humans, sustainability is the long-term maintenance of well being, which has environmental, economic, and social dimensions, and encompasses the concept of union, an interdependent relationship and mutual responsible position with all living and non...
in how buildings are designed and built. This organization created the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design consists of a suite of rating systems for the design, construction and operation of high performance green buildings, homes and neighborhoods....
(LEED) rating system, which is a certification process that provides verification that a building is environmentally sustainable. In the United States, commercial and residential buildings account for 70 percent of the electricity use and over 38 percent of emissions. Because of these huge statistics regarding resource usage and emissions, the room for more efficient building practices is dramatic. Since college campuses are where the world’s future leaders are being taught, colleges are choosing to construct new buildings to green standards in order to promote environmental stewardship to their students. Colleges across the United States have taken leading roles in the construction of green building in order to reduce resource consumption, save money in the long run, and instill the importance on environmental sustainability on their students.
Benefits of Green Building on Campuses
Green buildings on college campuses provide benefits to the campus in several different ways. Campuses can benefit from the short and long term economic benefits. Initially, federal and state governments will sometimes provide tax incentives for buildings constructed that surpass the standards set by the government. There are also long term savings. According to the USGBC, with an upfront investment of 2% in green building design, the resulting life savings is 20% of the total construction costs. With many universities lacking funding, this kind of savings could dramatically help the yearly budget. Along with this increase in monetary savings, green buildingGreen building
Green building refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition...
and architecture
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
has been proven to make the occupants more productive. Studies have shown a link between improved lighting design and a 27% reduction in the incidence of headaches. Also, students with the most daylighting in their classrooms progressed 20% faster on math tests and 26% faster on reading tests in one year than those with less daylighting. Both of these studies show that better lighting conditions, which are one of the main features of green buildings, can increase the productivity of its occupants. Students at colleges where green buildings are being used will benefit by increasing there potential to gain knowledge. The last important benefit of green buildings on college campuses is having the university seen as environmentally sustainable. Students are becoming increasingly aware of the issues the Earth faces with carbon emissions and increased consumption. These students want to attend universities that are striving to reduce their environmental impact. Universities participating in sustainable initiatives, like constructing green buildings, will attract more highly qualified students. Green buildings on campuses benefit both the school as well as the students.
LEED Rating System
Many institutions in the United States are administering the LEEDLeadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design consists of a suite of rating systems for the design, construction and operation of high performance green buildings, homes and neighborhoods....
(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Green Building Rating System. The development of the LEED Rating System has been nationally recognized as the leading method to construct green buildings. The rating system incorporates the design, construction, and maintenance of the building. LEED promotes a cradle-to-cradle approach in regards to construction and design materials. The rating system is composed of six sections: Site Planning, Water Management, Energy Management, Material Use, Indoor Air Quality, and the Innovation & Design Process. Each section is composed of credits and points, which ultimately determine how “green” the building is constructed, designed, and maintained.
LEED Certification Levels
LEED has four different levels of certification. All depending on how many credits and points were obtained through the LEED Rating System. There are 100 possible base points plus an additional 6 points for Innovation in Design and 4 points for Regional Priority.Buildings can qualify for 4 types of certification:
- Certified: 40-49 Points
- Silver: 50-59 Points
- Gold: 60-79 Points
- Platinum: 80 points and above
LEED - NC Application Guide for Multiple Buildings and On-Campus Building Projects (AGMBC)
The USGBC has issued an application guide for administration of LEED Rating System on college, corporate, or government installations that include multiple buildings. This application is designed for projects where several buildings will be constructed at once, in phases, or a single building is constructed in a setting of existing buildings with common ownership. Note, however, that the AGMBC applies to LEED Rating System Versions 2.1 and 2.2. The methods described still apply to new construction on campuses.Issues with AGMBC
The sustainable sites category is the most challenging category, and it is the most detailed section in the AGMBC.- Campus settings sometimes have established property lines through campus, but share a common infrastructure between areas. (Examples include street lighting may encroach on another building, storm water routes may go into same retention areas)
- One overall sign for LEED certification, may not appeal to college trying to market LEED dedication.
Multi-Building Certification Methods
- Certifying a new building within a setting of existing buildings that are considered a campus, i.e. there is one owner or common property management and control. Use of a retention pond not on “site” but on campus, would still qualify for LEED credit.
- Certifying a group of new buildings as a package where the entire building set will be rated as a package and only one rating received. These buildings may constitute the entire campus or be a subset of an existing campus.
- Certifying new buildings where each new building is constructed to a set of standards but will receive an independent rating based on achievement of credits beyond the standards specific to that building. These buildings may constitute the entire campus or be subset of an existing campus.
Required LEED Levels for Select Colleges
These are 10 colleges all around the US determined to build for a sustainable future. Each college outlines their commitment in Campus Sustainability Initiatives and Mission statements.- Brown UniversityBrown UniversityBrown University is a private, Ivy League university located in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1764 prior to American independence from the British Empire as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations early in the reign of King George III ,...
- Requires a minimum of all new construction be at least "Silver" - California Polytechnic State UniversityCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversityCalifornia Polytechnic State University, or Cal Poly, is a public university located in San Luis Obispo, California, United States. The university is one of two polytechnic campuses in the 23-member California State University system....
- Requires a minimum of all new construction be at least "Certified." - Georgia Institute of TechnologyGeorgia Institute of TechnologyThe Georgia Institute of Technology is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States...
- Requires a minimum of all new construction be at least "Certified." - Harvard UniversityHarvard UniversityHarvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
- Requires a minimum of all new construction be at least "Silver." - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyThe Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT has five schools and one college, containing a total of 32 academic departments, with a strong emphasis on scientific and technological education and research.Founded in 1861 in...
- Requires a minimum of all new construction be at least "Silver." - Northwestern UniversityNorthwestern UniversityNorthwestern University is a private research university in Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, USA. Northwestern has eleven undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools offering 124 undergraduate degrees and 145 graduate and professional degrees....
- Requires a minimum of all new construction be at least "Certified." - Princeton UniversityPrinceton UniversityPrinceton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution....
- Requires a minimum of all new construction be at least "Silver." - University of FloridaUniversity of FloridaThe University of Florida is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university located on a campus in Gainesville, Florida. The university traces its historical origins to 1853, and has operated continuously on its present Gainesville campus since September 1906...
- Requires a minimum of all new construction be at least "Gold." - University of OregonUniversity of Oregon-Colleges and schools:The University of Oregon is organized into eight schools and colleges—six professional schools and colleges, an Arts and Sciences College and an Honors College.- School of Architecture and Allied Arts :...
- Requires a minimum of all new construction be at least "Certified." - University of VermontUniversity of VermontThe University of Vermont comprises seven undergraduate schools, an honors college, a graduate college, and a college of medicine. The Honors College does not offer its own degrees; students in the Honors College concurrently enroll in one of the university's seven undergraduate colleges or...
- Requires a minimum of all new construction be at least "Silver."- Notice that the University of FloridaUniversity of FloridaThe University of Florida is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university located on a campus in Gainesville, Florida. The university traces its historical origins to 1853, and has operated continuously on its present Gainesville campus since September 1906...
is only college committed to a minimum of LEED "Gold" Certification
- Notice that the University of Florida
Campus Green Building Techniques
The following methods are becoming more prevalent on campuses around the nation. Because of the large scale of college campuses, the impact of these methods are truly praisde for energy savings and enhanced occupants' comfort.- Green roofs - Living, vegetative roofing alternatives; a solution to the heat island effect associated with buildings.
- Low VOC paints - Drastically limits any odorous, harmful, or irritating emissions and enhance the occupants' comfort.
- Compact fluorescent bulbs - Uses less energy and give off less heat; will save energy used to cool the building.
- Using recycled content
- Buying and using local materials - Local materials have lower transportation costs because of the lower amount of energy needed to move materials.
- Tree preservation and relocation
- Low flow plumbing fixtures - Uses less water per flush.
- Alternative transportation - Campuses utilize bike transportation, rapid bus transit, and safe pedestrian walkways. ZipcarZipcarZipcar is an American membership-based car sharing company providing automobile reservations to its members, billable by the hour or day. Zipcar was founded in 2000 by Cambridge, Massachusetts residents Antje Danielson and Robin Chase, and is now led by Scott Griffith, Chairman and Chief Executive...
is also becoming popular on many college campuses.
Sustainable Materials used in Green Building
The following are some examples of sustainable products used in green building. These materials are less harmful to the environment. Now-a-days many materials have a “green” substitute.Division 3: Concrete
- PS 4000 Flat Wall Form:
- Improved tongue-and-groove design simplifies installation on the job and minimizes the problems associated with concreteConcreteConcrete is a composite construction material, composed of cement and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate , water and chemical admixtures.The word concrete comes from the Latin word...
spillage at the top of the wall. - The unique design provides strength, fire resistance, and dimensional stability
- Provides you with a superior construction technology that delivers cost-effect, high-performance structures that are safer, quieter, comfortable, energy efficient, and more structurally secure and environmentally responsible building system available on the market today.
- Improved tongue-and-groove design simplifies installation on the job and minimizes the problems associated with concrete
- Fly Ash
- Because fly ash use displaces Portland cementPortland cementPortland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world because it is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco and most non-specialty grout...
use, it also reduces the need for cement production, which is a major energy user and a leading source of “greenhouse gas” emissions. - Better performance without increase in cost.
- It can replace up to 30% by mass of Portland cement, and can add to the concrete’s final strength and increase its chemical resistance and durability.
- Because fly ash use displaces Portland cement
Division 4: Masonry
- Cavclear Masonry Mat
- A fluid-conducting, non-absorbent polymer mesh made from 100% recycled plastic that is installed full-height in the airspace.
- It prevents mortarMortar (masonry)Mortar is a workable paste used to bind construction blocks together and fill the gaps between them. The blocks may be stone, brick, cinder blocks, etc. Mortar becomes hard when it sets, resulting in a rigid aggregate structure. Modern mortars are typically made from a mixture of sand, a binder...
from bridging the airspace and results in a continuous area for drainage and ventilation. - Ensures water management.
- Reduces building's life-cycle costs.
- Sealtech Block
- Certified “Green” with 10% recycled high-strength plastic powder.
- Non-porous surface means decreased permeability, making it water-resistant.
- Stronger than standard concrete block yet 10% lighter, translating into reduced shipping and labor costs.
Division 5: Metals
- Maze nails
- Made from recycled steel.
- The scrap steelSteelSteel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten...
generated while making nail heads goes right back to the steel mill for re-melting. - Nails are galvanized with a dual Zinc coating for durability assurance.
- Cold-formed metal framing
- Lightweight, and dimensionally stable.
- Contains 20-25% recycled material (10-15% post-consumer content, though some manufactures have in excess of 90% of recycled content.)
- Steel studs can even be recycled at end of building’s life.
Division 6: Woods, Plastics, and Composites
- Ecosurfaces
- Made from recycled tires.
- Slip-resistant.
- Weather resistant, able to withstand extreme temperatures
- Reclaimed lumberReclaimed lumberReclaimed lumber is wood taken for re-use. Most reclaimed lumber comes from timbers and decking rescued from old barns, factories and warehouses although some companies use wood from less traditional structures such as boxcars, coal mines and wine barrels...
- If not reused, woodWoodWood is a hard, fibrous tissue found in many trees. It has been used for hundreds of thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression...
would be burned or chipped - Old growth forests are protected
- Durable and aesthetically pleasing.
- The wood has become stabilized over time, which prevents changes due to humidity.
- If not reused, wood
- Engineered wood, Gluecam
- Provide a significant environmental advantage over solid wood by utilizing fast-growing, small diameter trees effectively.
- Plastic lumberPlastic lumberPlastic lumber is a 100% recyclable material lumber or timber made of recycled plastic. Its most widespread use is in outdoor deck floors, but it is also used for railings, fences, landscaping timbers, cladding and siding, park benches, molding and trim, window and door frames, and indoor furniture...
- Makes use of recycled plastic and is an effective replacement for pressure-treated lumber, which also protects timber resources.
- Will not rot, absorb water, splinter, or crack
- Resistant to oil, salt, and chemicals
Division 7: Thermal and Moisture Protection
- Concrete roof tiles
- Made from an approximate mix of 3 parts sand to 1 part cementCementIn the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the term opus caementicium to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed...
and 10% water. - Limited maintenance is necessary.
- Concrete tiles are wind resistant.
- Can last up to 100 years.
- Made from an approximate mix of 3 parts sand to 1 part cement
Division 8: Openings
- Greenscreen PVC-free fabrics
- PVC-Free construction of polyurethanePolyurethaneA polyurethane is any polymer composed of a chain of organic units joined by carbamate links. Polyurethane polymers are formed through step-growth polymerization, by reacting a monomer with another monomer in the presence of a catalyst.Polyurethanes are...
and specially designed, pre-stretched polyesterPolyesterPolyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many polyesters, the term "polyester" as a specific material most commonly refers to polyethylene terephthalate...
core. - 5 different levels of visibility: 3%, 5%, 10%, and 25%.
- Elimination of PVC content in production of GreenScreen fabrics mean shades contain no VOC’s and does not “offgas” during the life of the product.
- PVC-content makes it easier and quicker to recycle GreenScreen fabrics and divert them from landfills.
- PVC-Free construction of polyurethane
Division 9: Finishes
- Marmoleum Flooring
- Raw materials and energy are used efficiently, waste is recycled wherever possible, and emissions are kept to an absolute minimum.
- Life-cycle analysis shows that these linoleum products are ecologically preferred floor covering.
- LinoleumLinoleumLinoleum is a floor covering made from renewable materials such as solidified linseed oil , pine rosin, ground cork dust, wood flour, and mineral fillers such as calcium carbonate, most commonly on a burlap or canvas backing; pigments are often added to the materials.The finest linoleum floors,...
is produced from renewable materials: linseed oil, wood flourWood flourWood flour is finely pulverized wood that has a consistency fairly equal to sand or sawdust, but can vary considerably, with particles ranging in size from a fine powder to roughly the size of a grain of rice. Most wood flour manufacturers are able to create batches of wood flour that have the...
, jute and ecologically responsible pigments. - OrganicOrganic matterOrganic matter is matter that has come from a once-living organism; is capable of decay, or the product of decay; or is composed of organic compounds...
product.
- Cork floating floor
- Highly compressible and resilient.
- Excellent sound and thermal insulator.
- Lightweight and buoyant.
- Natural fire retardant, hypoallergenic, and insect resistant.
- Australian Chestnut flooring
- LEEDLeadership in Energy and Environmental DesignLeadership in Energy and Environmental Design consists of a suite of rating systems for the design, construction and operation of high performance green buildings, homes and neighborhoods....
Qualification: MR 7-Certified Wood - Product is certified according to the principles & criteria of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), adhering to strict environmental and social standards
- Easily meets E-1 Standard for Indoor Air Quality
- LEED
- Bamboo flooring
- Bamboo is not wood, but rather a type of grassGrassGrasses, or more technically graminoids, are monocotyledonous, usually herbaceous plants with narrow leaves growing from the base. They include the "true grasses", of the Poaceae family, as well as the sedges and the rushes . The true grasses include cereals, bamboo and the grasses of lawns ...
. - Quick renewable resourceRenewable resourceA renewable resource is a natural resource with the ability of being replaced through biological or other natural processes and replenished with the passage of time...
, can be harvested in as little as 5 years. - Very strong and stable, more so than many hardwoods
- Less likely to swell or shrink
- Bamboo is not wood, but rather a type of grass
Division 12: Furnishings
- Climatex upholstery fabrics used for climate control seating
- Climatex is a mixture of three fibers to provide seating comfort.
- Pure woolWoolWool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and certain other animals, including cashmere from goats, mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, vicuña, alpaca, camel from animals in the camel family, and angora from rabbits....
, which is excellent for heat conservation and great for moisture absorption. - PolyesterPolyesterPolyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many polyesters, the term "polyester" as a specific material most commonly refers to polyethylene terephthalate...
, which allows for a fast humidity transport. - RamieRamieRamie is a flowering plant in the nettle family Urticaceae, native to eastern Asia. It is a herbaceous perennial growing to 1–2.5 m tall; the leaves are heart-shaped, 7–15 cm long and 6–12 cm broad, and white on the underside with dense small hairs—this gives it a silvery appearance;...
, which offers a cooling effect and great moisture transport.
- Pure wool
- Climatex is a mixture of three fibers to provide seating comfort.
Division 26: Electrical
- Evergreen solar panels
- A rigid, double walled, deep frame with integrated water drainage holes.
- Low energy - an energy payback time as rapid as 18 months.
- Low carbon and low lead used.
International Sustainable Campus Network
Universities have a leadership role in advancing knowledge, technology and tools to create a sustainable future. To fulfill this role effectively and with high credibility, they need to include a focus on sustainability also in their own operations and facilities. Campus projects, be they educational or corporate campus developments, present interesting sustainability challenges and opportunities. Firstly, their size is at the borderline between single building projects and small towns, a fruitful scale for innovative energy and transport solutions. And secondly, they are to a certain degree one-purpose neighborhoods focused on education, research, development or distribution of new ideas, products or services.- GOAL 1. Sustainable construction, renovation, and operation
- GOAL 2. Sustainable master planning and development, mobility, and community integration
- GOAL 3. Linking facilities, research and education for sustainable development
Partners:
Australian National University
Australian National University
The Australian National University is a teaching and research university located in the Australian capital, Canberra.As of 2009, the ANU employs 3,945 administrative staff who teach approximately 10,000 undergraduates, and 7,500 postgraduate students...
, Berkeley University, City of Zurich, Dundalk Institute of Technology
Dundalk Institute of Technology
Dundalk Institute of Technology formerly Regional Technical College, Dundalk is a campus situated in Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland, halfway between Dublin and Belfast . The campus is 800 metres from the main Dublin Belfast road and 3 minutes drive from the M1 motorway to Dublin. Dublin Airport...
, EPF Lausanne, ETH Zurich
ETH Zurich
The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich or ETH Zürich is an engineering, science, technology, mathematics and management university in the City of Zurich, Switzerland....
, Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
, HEEPI, Hosei University
Hosei University
is a private university based in Tokyo, Japan.The university originated in a school of law, Tōkyō Hōgakusha , established in 1880, and the following year renamed Tōkyō Hōgakkō . This was from 1883 headed by Dr. Gustave Emile Boissonade, and was heavily influenced by the French legal tradition...
, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Royal Institute of Technology
The Royal Institute of Technology is a university in Stockholm, Sweden. KTH was founded in 1827 as Sweden's first polytechnic and is one of Scandinavia's largest institutions of higher education in technology. KTH accounts for one-third of Sweden’s technical research and engineering education...
, Los Angeles Community College District
Los Angeles Community College District
The Los Angeles Community College District is the community college district serving Los Angeles, California and some of its neighboring cities. In addition to typical college aged students, the LACCD also serves adults of all ages. Indeed, over half of all LACCD students are older than 25 years...
, National University of Singapore
National University of Singapore
The National University of Singapore is Singapore's oldest university. It is the largest university in the country in terms of student enrollment and curriculum offered....
, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
Pontifical Catholic University of Peru is a private university in Lima, Peru. It was founded in 1917 by F. Jorge Dintilhac SS.CC. as Peru's first non-profit private institution of higher learning. Academically, PUCP ranks second in Peru, behind the National University of San Marcos.-History:The...
, Stanford University
Stanford University
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San...
, The Sustainability Forum, Tongji University
Tongji University
Tongji University , colloquially known as Tongji , located in Shanghai, has more than 30,000 students and 8,000 staff members . It offers degree programs at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels...
, University of Applied Sciences of Trier-Birkenfeld, University of Copenhagen
University of Copenhagen
The University of Copenhagen is the oldest and largest university and research institution in Denmark. Founded in 1479, it has more than 37,000 students, the majority of whom are female , and more than 7,000 employees. The university has several campuses located in and around Copenhagen, with the...
, University of Zurich – CCRS, University of Gothenburg , University of Luxembourg
University of Luxembourg
thumb|Campus LimpertsbergThe University of Luxembourg is the only university in Luxembourg, founded on 13 August 2003. Prior to that, there were several higher educational institutions such as the cour universitaire or the IST that offered one or two years of academic studies...
, Yale University
Yale University
Yale University is a private, Ivy League university located in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States...
International Green Construction Code
The International Green Construction Code is a part of the International Code Council
International code council
The International Code Council , a membership association dedicated to building safety, fire prevention and energy efficiency, develops the codes used to construct residential and commercial buildings, including homes and schools. Most U.S. cities, counties and states that adopt codes choose the...
(ICC). As part of its commitment to green and sustainable safety concepts, the Code Council is excited to develop a new set of green codes under the multi-year initiative called “IGCC: Safe and Sustainable by the Book.” This initiative will include collaboration from the Council’s closest allies and pre-eminent thought leaders in green building, as well as outreach and feedback from our members and the general public. The International Green Construction Code is committed to developing an effective and efficient code that will continue our long tradition of international code guidance.
World Green Building Council
The World Green Building CouncilWorld Green Building Council
The World Green Building Council is a coalition of national Green Building Councils. With member organisations in over 80 countries, it is the largest international organisation influencing the green building marketplace.-History:...
is an international organization that facilitates the green building councils of many developed and developing nations. The Council started in 1999 with its first meeting in California. Eight members attended the first meeting: U.S. Green Building Council, Green Building Council of Australia
Green Building Council of Australia
The Green Building Council of Australia was established in 2002 with the mission to "develop a sustainable property industry in Australia and drive the adoption of green building practices"....
, Spain Green Building Council, United Kingdom Green Building Council, Japan Green Building Council, United Arab Emirates, Russia and Canada. THE WorldGBC incorporated in 2002 and operates from Toronto, Canada. There are currently over 15 established GBCs and 35 emerging and prospective countries with GBCs.
Stanford University: Knight Management Center
Stanford is a leading university in the green movement and the school is striving to achieve a LEED Platinum certification for their new graduate school of business, the Knight Management Center. The goal for this building is to open in the winter of 2011. The center will have eight buildings around three quadrangles with 360000 square feet (33,445.1 m²) of interior space. According to the principal architect, Stan Boles of Boora ArchitectsBoora Architects
Boora Architects is an architectural firm based in Portland, Oregon, its name derived from the partners Broome, Oringdulph, Randolph, and Associates.Its projects include:* renovation of the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, Portland, 1983...
in Portland, Oregon, “The orientation of the buildings is narrow in the north-south dimension. They are designed for optimum daylighting, ventilation, and for shading of one another. The exterior walls are designed so that areas of glass are created but shaded by exterior screens to prevent excessive heat gain.” This project aims to:
- Reduce overall water usage by at least 40%.
- Exceed current energy efficiency standards by at least 40%.
- Generate at least 12% electricity on site through solar energy.
- Use rainwater or re-circulated gray water to reduce potable water use for building sewage conveyance by 80%.
- Recycle or salvage 50% to 70% of non-hazardous construction debris.
- Use low- or non-volatile organic compound-emitting materials to ensure exceptional indoor air quality.
Stanford’s president, John L. Hennessy, said, “One of the biggest global challenges facing us today is the sustainable use of our planets natural resources. The Graduate School of Business will play a key role in helping us address these challenges by leading the way in its sustainable development of this new campus.” Stanford University is taking an active role in constructing green buildings on their campus and the Knight Management Center will be a great example of how a building can be sustainable.
University of California at Santa Barbara: Donald Bren School of Environmental Science & Management
The Donald Bren School of Environmental Science & Management is located at the University of California, Santa BarbaraUniversity of California, Santa Barbara
The University of California, Santa Barbara, commonly known as UCSB or UC Santa Barbara, is a public research university and one of the 10 general campuses of the University of California system. The main campus is located on a site in Goleta, California, from Santa Barbara and northwest of Los...
, California. The academic laboratory and classroom facility demonstrates cost-effective, energy-efficient technologies and operations. The concrete and steel frame structure was complete in 2002 and cost approximately $27,500,000. Donald Bren Hall was the first laboratory to receive LEED Platinum accreditation, the highest rating achievable through the US Green Building Council’s national rating system, with the following building design features:
- Site Protection: Since Donald Bren Hall is located adjacent to the ocean, a strict site protection plan was developed and implemented to ensure all storm water is retained onsite to prevent contamination of local waterways.
- Water EfficiencyWater efficiencyWater efficiency can be defined as:# The accomplishment of a function, task, process, or result with the minimal amount of water feasible;# An indicator of the relationship between the amount of water required for a particular purpose and the amount of water used or delivered.Though the two are...
: A separate reclaimed waterReclaimed waterReclaimed water or recycled water, is former wastewater that is treated to remove solids and certain impurities, and used in sustainable landscaping irrigation or to recharge groundwater aquifers...
system was installed to furnish greywaterGreywaterGreywater is wastewater generated from domestic activities such as laundry, dishwashing, and bathing, which can be recycled on-site for uses such as landscape irrigation and constructed wetlands...
to flush toilets and irrigate the landscape. Waterless urinals were also installed and it is estimated that each waterless urinal will save approximately 45,000 gallons of water per year. - Energy Efficiency: Design includes a 40 KW rooftop photovoltaic system, natural ventilation linked with a window interlock system for heating, daylighting controls, energy-efficient lighting, high efficiency boiler, and chiller integrated into a virtual chilled water loop. These energy efficiency measures assisted the building to exceed Title 24 (1998 Standards) by 31%.
- Materials Efficiency: 93% of the construction waste generated onsite was diverted from the landfill. Recycled-content products include 12-20% flyash in the concrete, glass tiles and countertops, 100% postconsumer recycled content carpet, and tire-derived rubber flooring. Other environmentally preferable products for the interior surface materials included linoleum and natural cork flooring, bamboo cabinetry, and stained concrete flooring.
According to Great Buildings, "The Donald Bren School at the University of California, Santa Barbara takes advantage of a beautiful setting near the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
to become a green building that embraces its environment not only for efficiency, but for experience. With a striking open courtyard, it provides ample opportunity for social interaction that makes the transition between indoors and outdoors much smoother and ephemeral than most buildings. Building Bren Hall with sustainable materials and methods is estimated to have added only 2% to the building cost, which will easily be offset over time by energy savings."
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Botanical Gardens Education Center
The 29656 square feet (2,755.1 m²) Education Center is located at the University of North CarolinaUniversity of North Carolina
Chartered in 1789, the University of North Carolina was one of the first public universities in the United States and the only one to graduate students in the eighteenth century...
at Chapel Hill. The building consists of three major sections connected by covered breezeways. The central wing welcomes visitors to the education center as they enter the garden through a large breezeway. The east wing offers classrooms for students enrolled in workshops and classrooms, and the west wing features the Reeves Auditorium. This large multipurpose space is used for lectures, conferences, and special events. The Education Center plans to achieve a LEED Platinum rating, most likely the first ever in North Carolina, with these features:
- Site Selection and Design: The Education center was located with an efficient solar orientation. Also, during the construction process, there was minimal disturbance to grade, and existing vegetation was well protected.
- Water Efficiency: The building uses water-efficient native landscaping and low-flow plumbing. Stormwater is conserved and re-used. Rainwater cisterns, gardens, and retention swales are also methods being used.
- Energy Efficiency: GeothermalGeothermalGeothermal is related to energy and may refer to:* The geothermal gradient and associated heat flows from within the Earth- Renewable technology :...
wells for efficient heating and air-conditioning are used. Photovoltaic and solar cells have been installed on the building, and natural lighting is used very effectively along with day sensors that automatically dim lights when daylight is too strong. - Materials Efficiency: To minimize transportation costs and carbon dioxide emissions, and to stimulate local economies, all materials were locally and sustainably produced. No wood came from old-growth trees; all the wood came from certified sustainable forests. At least 75% of the construction waste was recycled, and there was no non-toxic or off-gassing.
The new Education Center expresses a sense of place and celebrates relationships between humans and nature through the integration of indoor and outdoor spaces. Open breezeways, comfortable porches, natural light in every room, beautiful native plant
Native plant
Native plant is a term to describe plants endemic or naturalized to a given area in geologic time.This includes plants that have developed, occur naturally, or existed for many years in an area...
landscaping, and educational exhibits inform, delight, and invite visitors to the Conservation Garden. Most of all, the building is a center of learning, teaching both the science and the enjoyment of plants and nature
Nature
Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural world, physical world, or material world. "Nature" refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general...
.
University of Florida: James W. Heavener Football Complex
The University of FloridaUniversity of Florida
The University of Florida is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university located on a campus in Gainesville, Florida. The university traces its historical origins to 1853, and has operated continuously on its present Gainesville campus since September 1906...
’s new football complex, the James W. Heavener Football Complex, was completed in 2008 and received LEED Platinum rating for the environmental sustainability of the building. The facility contractor was PPI Construction Management and the architect was RDG Planning and Design. The building includes offices, conference rooms, an atrium to display the football teams accomplishments, and a weight training facility. The LEED rated the complex 52 out of the 69 available points for the certification, which gave the building the Platinum rating. This facility is the first platinum athletic facility in the United States as well as the first platinum rated building in the state of Florida. The $28 million building exceeded the original goal of obtaining a LEED Silver rating.
This building has many features that helped it to achieve the Platinum level. The features dealing with water usage reduce the buildings indoor water use by 40 percent. Due to all of the facility’s energy saving features the building has exceeded the state and national energy requirements by 35 percent. Another interesting fact about the construction of this building is that most of the material used in the construction came from with in 500 miles of the University of Florida
University of Florida
The University of Florida is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university located on a campus in Gainesville, Florida. The university traces its historical origins to 1853, and has operated continuously on its present Gainesville campus since September 1906...
, which reduce the emissions created form transporting the material. Also 78 percent of the building debris was recycled. The assistant director of LEED at UF, Bahar Armaghani, said, “Green Buildings are not exclusively concerned with saving money through more efficient technology. They are also investments for the well-being of the people and environment.” The University of Florida has taken on an initiative to have all new construction be LEED Gold certified or higher and with the construction of this facility the school has surpassed their own requirements by achieving the Platinum rating.
Key Features of the Heavener Football Complex:
- Occupancy sensors to control lighting
- Organic carpet
- Paint and flooring made out of recycled materials
- Low-flow water fixture and water saving shower heads
- Dual-flush toilets
- Low-e glazing, insulation, and reflective material on glass
- Green roofGreen roofA green roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane. It may also include additional layers such as a root barrier and drainage and irrigation systems...
on weight room - 100% reclaimed water for irrigation
Charles Hostler Student Center
The Charles Hostler Student Center on the campus of the American University of BeirutAmerican University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut is a private, independent university in Beirut, Lebanon. It was founded as the Syrian Protestant College by American missionaries in 1866...
provides a model for environmentally responsive design that meets the social needs of the campus and the larger region. Situated on Beirut's seafront and main public thoroughfare, the new 204000 sq ft (18,952.2 m²). facility houses competitive and recreational athletic facilities for swimming, basketball, handball, volleyball, squash, exercise and weight training. The space also includes an auditorium with associated meeting rooms, cafeteria with study space, and underground parking for 200 cars.
Green Building methods:
- Organized as building clusters as opposed to a single building. Allowing the building forms themselves to redistribute air, activity and shade.
- The east-west orientation of the building forms helps to shade exterior courtyards, reducing the amount of southern exposure.
- The orientation also directs nighttime breezes and daytime sea breezes to cool outdoor spaces.
- Green spaces on the rooftops allow for a more pleasing physical and visual integration with the upper campus, providing usable rooftop areas for activities and reducing the amount of exposure to the sun.
- Usable program area on the site is increased through shading and ventilationVentilation (architecture)Ventilating is the process of "changing" or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality...
of outdoor spaces
Dubai International Academic City Phase-III
Dubai International Academic CityDubai International Academic City
Dubai International Academic City , was built near Al Ruwayyah along the Dubai-Al Ain Road in the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. DIAC is located within Dubai Academic City, which spreads over an area of , and the development is scheduled to be completed by 2012...
Phase-III (DIAC phase-III) comprises four academic buildings and a food court spread over a total built up area of 600000 square feet (55,741.8 m²). It has received the Silver LEED certification, and is expected to save approximately AED2.3 million per year from reduced energy costs, district cooling demand changes, irrigation water costs, sewage tanker and domestic water costs.
Green Building component Features:
- Heat recovery wheels
- Enhanced levels of insulation
- Optimization of fresh air through variable speed drives on air handling units
- Recessed windows
- Significantly low lighting power densities
These features will make this cluster 21.7% more energy efficient than the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers is an international technical society for all individuals and organizations interested in heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration...
(ASHRAE) 90.1 - 2004 standards. will also consume 30% less water than the standards set by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as 40% less irrigation water. These savings have been achieved by the installation of ultra-low flow water restrictors in wash basins and dual-flush tanks in wash rooms, as well as additives in the soil for the landscape areas.
See also
- "LEED For New Construction". USGBC. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
External links
- LEED at the United States Green Building CouncilUnited States Green Building CouncilThe U.S. Green Building Council , co-founded by Mike Italiano, David Gottfried and Rick Fedrizzi in 1993, is a non-profit trade organization that promotes sustainability in how buildings are designed, built, and operated...
- World Green Building Council
- Canada Green Building Council
- Sustainable Building Alliance
- UNEP-SBCI
- Second Nature