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Grand Vizier, in Turkish
Turkish language

Turkish is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Cyprus, with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania and other parts of Eastern Europe....
 Sadr-i Azam (Sadrazam) or Serdar-i Ekrem (in Ottoman Turkish
Ottoman Turkish language

Ottoman Turkish is the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire. It contains extensive borrowings from Arabic language and Persian language languages and was written in a variant of the Arabic script....
: ??? ???? or ???? ????), deriving from the Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
 word wazir 'vizier
Vizier

A Vizier , is a term for a high-ranking political advisor or minister, often to a Muslim monarch such as a Caliph, or Sultan. It sometimes refers to ministers and advisors of the Persian Empire's Shahs....
', was the greatest minister of the Sultan
Sultan

Sultan is an Islamic honorifics, with several historical meanings. Originally it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", or "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ???? sulah, meaning "authority" or "power"....
, with absolute power of attorney
Power of attorney

A power of attorney or letter of attorney in common law systems or mandate in Civil law systems is an authorization to act on someone else's behalf in a legal or business matter....
 and, in principle, dismissable only by the Sultan himself. He held the imperial seal and could convene all other viziers to attend to affairs of the state; the viziers in conference were called "Kubbealti viziers" in reference to their meeting place, the Kubbealti ('under the dome') in Topkapi Palace
Topkapi Palace

The Topkapi Palace or in Ottoman Turkish language: ?????? ?????, usually spelled "Topkapi" in English)is a palace in Istanbul, Turkey, which was the official and primary residence in the city of the Ottoman Sultans, from 1465 to 1853....
.






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Grand Vizier, in Turkish
Turkish language

Turkish is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Cyprus, with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania and other parts of Eastern Europe....
 Sadr-i Azam (Sadrazam) or Serdar-i Ekrem (in Ottoman Turkish
Ottoman Turkish language

Ottoman Turkish is the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire. It contains extensive borrowings from Arabic language and Persian language languages and was written in a variant of the Arabic script....
: ??? ???? or ???? ????), deriving from the Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
 word wazir 'vizier
Vizier

A Vizier , is a term for a high-ranking political advisor or minister, often to a Muslim monarch such as a Caliph, or Sultan. It sometimes refers to ministers and advisors of the Persian Empire's Shahs....
', was the greatest minister of the Sultan
Sultan

Sultan is an Islamic honorifics, with several historical meanings. Originally it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", or "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ???? sulah, meaning "authority" or "power"....
, with absolute power of attorney
Power of attorney

A power of attorney or letter of attorney in common law systems or mandate in Civil law systems is an authorization to act on someone else's behalf in a legal or business matter....
 and, in principle, dismissable only by the Sultan himself. He held the imperial seal and could convene all other viziers to attend to affairs of the state; the viziers in conference were called "Kubbealti viziers" in reference to their meeting place, the Kubbealti ('under the dome') in Topkapi Palace
Topkapi Palace

The Topkapi Palace or in Ottoman Turkish language: ?????? ?????, usually spelled "Topkapi" in English)is a palace in Istanbul, Turkey, which was the official and primary residence in the city of the Ottoman Sultans, from 1465 to 1853....
. His offices were located at the Sublime Porte. "Grand Vizier" (Vazir-e Azam) is also the official Urdu
Urdu

Urdu is a Central_Indo-Aryan_languages#Central_Zone_.28Madhya_or_Hindi.29 Indo-Aryan languages of the Indo-Iranian languages, belonging to the Indo-European languages family of languages....
 title of the Pakistan
Pakistan

Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...
i Prime Minister (ministers are titled "vizier").

During the nascent phases of the Ottoman state, "Vizier" was the only title used. The first of these Ottoman Viziers who was titled "Grand Vizier" was Çandarli Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha
Çandarli Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha

?andarli Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha was the first vizier of Murad I's reign, the first in Ottoman Empire history who held the title "Grand Vizier", the first who had a military background and the first member of the illustrious ?andarli family to hold high office....
. The purpose in instituting the title "Grand Vizier" was to distinguish the holder of the Sultan's seal from other viziers. The initially more frequently used title of vezir-i âzam was gradually replaced by sadrazam, both meaning grand vizier in practice. Throughout Ottoman history, the grand viziers have also been termed sadr-i âlî ('high vizier'), vekil-i mutlak ('absolute attorney'), sâhib-i devlet ('holder of the state'),serdar-i ekrem , serdar-i azam and zât-i âsafî ('vizieral person').

In the Köprülü Era
Köprülü era

The K?pr?l? era was the period which Ottoman Empire's politics were set by the Grand Viziers, mainly the K?pr?l? family, which was a notable family of imperial bureaucrats....
 (1656–1703) the Empire was controlled by a series of powerful grand viziers. The relative ineffectiveness of the sultans and the diffusion of power to lower levels of the government was an aspect of the Köprülü Era.

After the Tanzimat
Tanzimat

The Tanzimat , meaning reorganization of the Ottoman Empire, was a period of reformation that began in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876....
 period of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, the grand viziers came to assume a role more like that of the prime minister
Prime minister

A prime minister is the most senior minister of Cabinet in the Executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. The position is usually held by, but need not always be held by, a politician....
s of contemporary Western monarchies.

See also