Gordola
Encyclopedia
Gordola (ˈɡordola) is a municipality
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...

 in the district of Locarno
Locarno (district)
The district of Locarno is a district of Canton Ticino, Switzerland. It has a population of .-Geography:...

 in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...

 of Ticino
Ticino
Canton Ticino or Ticino is the southernmost canton of Switzerland. Named after the Ticino river, it is the only canton in which Italian is the sole official language...

 in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

.

History

Gordola is first mentioned in 1200 as Gordora. In 1219 it was mentioned as Gordolla/e. Gordola was located near major roads throughout its history. During the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...

 the village was on the hills, as the valley floor was covered in swamps. In the 11th-12th Centuries a castle was built on the shore of Lake Maggiore
Lake Maggiore
Lake Maggiore is a large lake located on the south side of the Alps. It is the second largest of Italy and largest of southern Switzerland. Lake Maggiore is the most westerly of the three great prealpine lakes of Italy, it extends for about 70 km between Locarno and Arona.The climate is mild...

 for a feudal lord appointed by the Bishop of Como
Roman Catholic Diocese of Como
The Catholic diocese of Como, in northern Italy, has existed since the fourth century. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Milan. The bishops' seat is in Como Cathedral....

. The castle had disappeared by the 14th Century. The Capitanei of Locarno
Locarno
Locarno is the capital of the Locarno district, located on the northern tip of Lake Maggiore in the Swiss canton of Ticino, close to Ascona at the foot of the Alps. It has a population of about 15,000...

 owned land and were landlords in Gordola. Within the territory of Locarno, Gordola was the only Vicinanza
Bürgergemeinde
The Bürgergemeinde is a statutory corporation in public law in Switzerland...

, which could choose its own pastor
Pastor
The word pastor usually refers to an ordained leader of a Christian congregation. When used as an ecclesiastical styling or title, this role may be abbreviated to "Pr." or often "Ps"....

. It also held the right to designate a member of the parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...

 council. Starting in the 14th Century, many residents of the Verzasca valley traveled to Gordola to spend the winters at the lake. This gradually evolved into a traditional seasonal migration
Transhumance in the Alps
Transhumance in the Alps, or seasonal migration between valley and high pastures is a traditional practice that has shaped much of the landscape in the Alps, as without it, most areas below 2000 m would be forests.While tourism and industry contribute today much to Alpine economy, seasonal...

. Starting in 1695 Gordola was divided into two districts (squadre); those of the "original" and the "new" residents (Vicini). The two groups took turns administering the municipality.

The former parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....

 of SS Peter and Vincenzo was in Tenero and formed a kind of exclave, until 1898, when the provost
Provost (religion)
A provost is a senior official in a number of Christian churches.-Historical Development:The word praepositus was originally applied to any ecclesiastical ruler or dignitary...

 was moved to the church of S. Antonio Abate. The church of S. Antonio Abate had existed since the 16th Century, but was destroyed in 1829 by a flood and then was subsequently rebuilt. There was a mixed Humiliati
Humiliati
The Humiliati were an Italian religious order of men formed probably in the 12th century. It was suppressed by a Papal bull in 1571 though an associated order of women continued into the 20th century.-Origin:Its origin is obscure...

 order monastery (Santa Maria) in Gordola. It was founded in the 12th Century and around the late 15th Century closed.

Historically, nearly the entire population were farmers and ranchers. However, by 2000, only a very small proportion of the population worked in agriculture and about one third of the population worked in the municipal borders.

The district Motto-Rongia is a historic protected village center.

Geography

Gordola has an area, , of 7.04 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi). Of this area, 1.7 km² (0.65637366960731 sq mi) or 24.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.31 km² (1.7 sq mi) or 61.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.17 km² (0.451739525553266 sq mi) or 16.6% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.48 km² (0.185329036124417 sq mi) or 6.8% is either rivers or lakes and 0.1 km² (24.7 acre) or 1.4% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 1.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 11.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.3%. Out of the forested land, 59.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 6.5% is used for growing crops, while 6.5% is used for orchards or vine crops and 11.1% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 3.8% is in lakes and 3.0% is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 1.1% is unproductive vegetation.

The municipality is located in the Locarno district at the end of the Verzasca valley on the left bank of the river. It consists of the village of Gordola and a portion of Terricciole.

Coat of arms

The blazon
Blazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...

 of the municipal coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...

 is Per saltire gules and azure overall a salire or.

Demographics

Gordola has a population of . , 17.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 15.9%.

Most of the population speaks Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...

 (84.2%), with German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

 being second most common (10.2%) and Portuguese
Portuguese language
Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...

 being third (1.2%). Of the Swiss national languages , 396 speak German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

, 47 people speak French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

, 3,265 people speak Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...

, and 4 people speak Romansh. The remainder (166 people) speak another language.

, the gender distribution of the population was 48.5% male and 51.5% female. The population was made up of 1,725 Swiss men (39.2% of the population), and 406 (9.2%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,935 Swiss women (44.0%), and 332 (7.5%) non-Swiss women.

In there were 29 live births to Swiss citizens and 2 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 25 deaths of Swiss citizens and 4 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 4 while the foreign population decreased by 2. There were 5 Swiss men and 3 Swiss women who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 11 non-Swiss men and 9 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 49 and the non-Swiss population change was a decrease of 27 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.5%.

The age distribution, , in Gordola is; 417 children or 9.5% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 490 teenagers or 11.1% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 468 people or 10.6% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 602 people or 13.7% are between 30 and 39, 723 people or 16.4% are between 40 and 49, and 543 people or 12.3% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 582 people or 13.2% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 381 people or 8.7% are between 70 and 79, there are 192 people or 4.4% who are over 80.

the average number of residents per living room was 0.6 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.6 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 50.8% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...

 or a rent-to-own agreement).

, there were 1,652 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. there were 889 single family homes (or 66.0% of the total) out of a total of 1,347 inhabited buildings. There were 254 two family buildings (18.9%) and 122 multi-family buildings (9.1%). There were also 82 buildings in the municipality that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose).

The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.29%. there were 2,110 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 4 room apartment of which there were 788. There were 78 single room apartments and 433 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 1,646 apartments (78.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 439 apartments (20.8%) were seasonally occupied and 25 apartments (1.2%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 7.8 new units per 1000 residents.

The historical population is given in the following table:
year population
1596 150
1741 400
1850 290
1880 866
1900 550
1950 1,419
2000 3,878

Politics

In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...

 the most popular party was the FDP
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....

 which received 26.74% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...

 (25.47%), the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....

 (18.69%) and the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...

 (12.63%). In the federal election, a total of 1,110 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
Voter turnout
Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election . After increasing for many decades, there has been a trend of decreasing voter turnout in most established democracies since the 1960s...

 was 39.3%.

In the Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 2,790 registered voters in Gordola, of which 1,712 or 61.4% voted. 23 blank ballots and 2 null ballots were cast, leaving 1,687 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PPD
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...

+GenGiova which received 359 or 21.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the SSI (with 337 or 20.0%), the PLRT
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....

 (with 309 or 18.3%) and the PS
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....

 (with 266 or 15.8%).

In the Consiglio di Stato election, 13 blank ballots and 2 null ballots were cast, leaving 1,698 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the LEGA which received 387 or 22.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PPD (with 376 or 22.1%), the PS (with 299 or 17.6%) and the SSI (with 277 or 16.3%).

Economy

, Gordola had an unemployment rate of 3.62%. , there were 54 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 19 businesses involved in this sector. 431 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 43 businesses in this sector. 644 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 123 businesses in this sector. There were 1,743 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 40.6% of the workforce.

, there were 1,024 workers who commuted into the municipality and 1,183 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.2 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 18.4% of the workforce coming into Gordola are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 6.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 67.2% used a private car.

, there were 5 hotels in Gordola with a total of 43 rooms and 90 beds.

Religion

From the , 3,210 or 82.8% were Roman Catholic, while 297 or 7.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church
Swiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...

. There are 287 individuals (or about 7.40% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 84 individuals (or about 2.17% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education

The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Gordola about 69.5% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule
Fachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...

).

In Gordola there were a total of 788 students . The Ticino education system
Education in Switzerland
The education system in Switzerland is very diverse, because the constitution of Switzerland delegates the authority for the school system mainly to the cantons...

 provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...

and in Gordola there were 117 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both a standard school and a special school. In the village, 224 students attended the standard primary schools and 9 students attended the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two year middle school followed by a two year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four year program to prepare for higher education. There were 193 students in the two year middle school and 6 in their pre-apprenticeship, while 80 students were in the four year advanced program.

The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 35 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 110 who attend part-time.

The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There were 14 students in the professional program.

, there were 381 students in Gordola who came from another municipality, while 186 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
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