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Go Nagai
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is a Japanese manga artist and a prolific author of science fiction, fantasy, horror and erotica.
He made his professional debut in 1967 with Meakashi Polikichi, but is best known for creating the seminal works Cutie Honey, Devilman, and Mazinger Z in the 1970s.
agai was born in the year 20 of the Showa era, in the sixth day of the ninth month, son of Yoshio and Fujiko Nagai (????·?????), and the fourth of five male brothers
, in the city of Wajima, located in the Prefecture of Ishikawa, about a month after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
His family had just returned from Shangai.

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is a Japanese manga artist and a prolific author of science fiction, fantasy, horror and erotica.
He made his professional debut in 1967 with Meakashi Polikichi, but is best known for creating the seminal works Cutie Honey, Devilman, and Mazinger Z in the 1970s.
Life
Early life
Go Nagai was born in the year 20 of the Showa era, in the sixth day of the ninth month, son of Yoshio and Fujiko Nagai (????·?????), and the fourth of five male brothers
, in the city of Wajima, located in the Prefecture of Ishikawa, about a month after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
His family had just returned from Shangai. While he was still in his early childhood, he along with his mother and his four brothers moved to Tokyo after the premature passing of his father.
While being a child, he was influenced by the work of Gustave Doré (specifically, a Japanese edition of the Divine Comedy) and Osamu Tezuka (his brother Yasutaka gave him a copy of Lost World).
Graduated from the Metropolitan Itabashi High School of Tokyo, what triggered his entrance in the world of manga was a misconception. While passing his ronin year in a prep school in order to aim at the Waseda University, he suffered a severe case of non-stopping diarrhea for 3 weeks. When he consulted his older brother, he commented "Oh, that certainly will be colon cancer". At that point, Nagai was convinced that he was going to die and would disappear from the world. So he thought that he could leave some evidence that he had lived. He came to the conclusion of doing something that he liked as a child: manga. He was determined to create one work of manga in what he thought were his last months.
Getting prepared for the task, he went to the hospital, where he was diagnosed with catarrh of the colon. After receiving medicine for one week, he was fully healed. But that didn't change his determination, and this was the turning point in his life. He was going to run swiftly the road of manga. He stopped attending at the prep school after three months and started living as a ronin.
With the help of his brother Yasutaka, he created his first manga works. Though aiming to be a mangaka, publishers continually returned his works, mainly because of his mother, who was opposed to his manga career. It is said that, when the young Go submitted his tables to publishers, his mother secretly convinced the publishers to reject them.
However, his work was noticed by Shonen Sunday, which made contact with Shotaro Ishinomori. Thanks to some kind of trial manga that he created with the help of his brother Yasutaka, he was finally accepted in the studio of Shotaro Ishinomori in 1965.
This manga was about a Sci-Fi Ninja, a prototype for what would later be a different story called Kuro no Shishi. Nagai was 19 years old when he originally made this work, starting with 15 or 16 pages and after a year, it ended up being 88 pages long. At that time it had no title.
Shotaro Ishinomori saw this work and praised Nagai for it, but commented that the design was too chunky and should improve it a little. Two or three days later, Nagai was invited to become an assistant with Shotaro Ishinomori and this work was forgotten until 2007, when it was published for the first time, in the magazine Comic Ran TWINS Sengoku Busho Retsuden (????? TWINS ??????) by LEED, under the name Satsujinsha (???(??????)).
His professional career began in 1967, despite the opposition of his mother.
First works
After working as assistant of Shotaro Ishinomori, his very first professional manga work was Meakashi Polikichi (?????? also ???????), a very short gag comedy oneshot, published in November 1967 in the magazine Bokura by Kodansha. Almost at the same time, this was followed by the manga adaptation of Tomio Sagisu's TV anime Chibikko Kaiju Yadamon (??????????, Little Monster Yadamon), also published in 1967 in the same magazine. A common misconception is that Kuro No Shishi (Black Lion) was his first manga work; while not entirely false, what Nagai really made two years earlier than Meakashi Polikichi, was only a draft for what would later be Kuro no Shishi, which would not be actually published until 1978.
His first works consisted entirely of short gag comedy manga. This would change with Harenchi Gakuen.
First success and controversies
In less than a year after debuting, he met with a big success. After being an unknown mangaka, he became a protagonist of televised debates and journalistic investigations.
In 1968, while Shueisha was getting prepared to launch its first manga publication, Shonen Jump, in order to compete with other magazines from rival companies (like Shonen Magazine from Kodansha and Shonen Sunday from Shogakukan), Nagai was invited to be one of the first mangakas publishing in the new magazine. He contemplated this, since he had to design a long running series instead of the autoconclusive short stories that he had been developing until that point.. He accepted and the series became a big success, being the first for Nagai
and making Shonen Jump sell more than one million copies.
With Harenchi Gakuen, Nagai was the first to introduce eroticism in modern manga and became the creator of modern erotic manga,
opened the door to a new era in Manga
and also became the symbol of an entire generation.
This work has influenced Japanese society radically, completely changing the common perceptions of manga.
Until Harenchi Gakuen, Japanese manga had been relatively tame affairs, but things soon changed.
The manga became so popular that several live-action films and TV series based on the manga were developed. Harenchi Gakuen is considered as probably the work that has had the most influence in the world of manga at the end of the 1960s, leading the newly born Shonen Jump magazine to sell millions of copies per week.
A scandalous manga in its time, it is a very innocent series by today's standards.
But at the time of his original publication, it met with severe criticism by some parts of the Japanese society. Harenchi Gakuen was criticized as vulgar because it introduced overt eroticism to children. Male students and teachers were depicted as being preoccupied with catching glimpses of girls' panties or naked bodies. Many parents, women's associations, and PTAs protested.
In particular, the PTA protests over Harenchi Gakuen were notorious. Nagai was bombarded with interview requests from newspapers, magazines and TV. Whenever he flew outside of Tokyo, TV cameras were waiting for him. He was branded a "nuisance" and even an "enemy of society". He, however, had a clear sense of what things he could or could not do with the manga.
At first, Nagai didn't think that the opposition was against him, since he always knew when to draw the line and was aware of the standards that applied with movies and similar things for an audience below 18 years old. At that time, he never drew sex scenes, avoided pictures of genitals and made nudes cute rather than sexy.
His fans supported him throughout the PTA protests. They sent him letters where they expressed how they were aware that the adults cracking down on them were reading much raunchier stuff than what Nagai was producing.
The protests were not only against the manga, but also against the TV series. The PTA even managed to prevent the distribution of the magazine in some parts of Japan.
As a result of the protests, when the series was about to be cancelled because of the PTA. Nagai changed the theme in Harenchi Gakuen into a more mature and serious matter. From nonsense gags with sexy touchs, to a full scale war where murder was depicted in the bloody way for which many know him. This lead to the famous ending of Harenchi Gakuen, symbol of freedom and of rejection of the hypocrisy, where all students & teachers, while defending their freedom of expression, are killed by the PTA and other parental forces. This was the ironic answer that Nagai gave to the PTA. It wasn't the true ending of Harenchi Gakuen, as it would return to be published for several years.
It was also around this time that he created Gakuen Taikutsu Otoko (???????), also known as Guerrilla High, another school-themed manga, but this time war between youths and adults was the main theme. A little before that, in 1969,Abashiri Ikka was created. Both titles are a direct result of the PTA protests, being both a form of parody of what happened. Abashiri Ikka became a big success, and along with Harenchi Gakuen, the most popular series of Nagai's juvenile period.
Dynamic Productions
Thanks to the success of Harenchi Gakuen, Dynamic Productions (?????????????, also known as Dynamic Production or Dynamic Pro, ????????), was founded by Go Nagai with his brothers in April, 1969.
Meant to be a group to help him with his works, as a consequence of what happened with Harenchi Gakuen, where he received almost no royalties derived from the TV series, films and gadgets related, Dynamic Productions became a company established to manage Nagai's relations and contractual rights of his work. Dynamic became one of the first companies to require publishers the edition of contracts (even today many manga are designed and published only on the basis of verbal agreements). It would start as a yugen kaisha (limited company) and would change to a kabushiki kaisha (stock company) in 1970.
The same year of the foundation of Dynamic Pro, Ken Ishikawa joined the company. He would become Nagai's second assistant after Mitsuru Hiruta, who had been working with Nagai since the beginnings of Harenchi Gakuen.. He would become one of Nagai's regular partners and his best friend. Ken Ishikawa participated as assistant in Harenchi Gakuen, Abashiri Ikka and Gakuen Taikutsu Otoko, particularly in the last one. In parallel with those activities as assistant, he co-produces with Go Nagai what would be in fact his professional debut in manga, Gakuen Bangaichi (1969-09-08 ~ 1970-09-22), and also his second manga, Sasurai Gakuto (1970-01 ~ 1970-05). He temporary quit Dynamic Productions in 1970. This prompted Nagai to end Gakuen Taikutsu Otoko and the story of this series would be left inconclusive.
Change in genres
Even with the changes in Harenchi Gakuen and other series, Nagai remained writing mostly gag comedies, varying only in the thematic. With the success of Harenchi Gakuen and Abashiri Ikka, most editors expected this kind of story from Nagai. This would start to change in 1970, with the oneshot Oni -2889 Nen no Hanran-, which tells a sci-fi story set in the year 2889 about a war between the race of Onis (who in this story are treated as a lower class) and the human beings. After this, in 1971 came the horror oneshot Susumu-chan Dai Shock about a violent collapse of the parent-child relationships. A series of horror oneshots would follow, in the series called Gensou Kyofu e Hanashi, which comprehends Africa no Chi (an original story of Yasutaka Tsutsui), Schalken Gahaku (based in the famous story Strange Event in the Life of Schalken the Painter by Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu) and Kuzureru. A little before that, Nagai would be given the chance to write a full serial of a sci-fi horror story called Mao Dante, which would in turn mark the beginning of his most famous horror work, Devilman.
Style and works
In his series Harenchi Gakuen (??????, Shameless School, 1968–1972, Shonen Jump magazine) Nagai used eroticism and extreme, graphic violence in kid's manga for the first time in Japan, thus breaking taboos and becoming quite controversial. His use of violence and gross humour was widely loathed in many corners of Japan's society and became a concern for many PTAs at the time. The series temporary ended dramatically when all the characters died during a massacre. This type of content would be a trend in most of Nagai's later work and in those of other directors such as Yoshiyuki Tomino. A Harenchi Gakuen live-action tv series followed in the early 1970s, as well as several other live-action movies and an OVA version (Heisei Harenchi Gakuen, or "Modern-Day Shameless School") in the mid-1990s.
In 1970, Go Nagai started a company, Dynamic Productions, to fund his manga and anime ventures. Dynamic Productions' first titles were Getter Robo and Abashiri Ikka (??????, Abashiri Family).
After Harenchi Gakuen Nagai created the Mazinger Z (?????Z) series, later expanded into Great Mazinger, Grendizer, and - many years later - Mazinkaiser, where he developed the concept of giant mecha. Mazinger was the first manga where a giant robot was piloted by the hero, thus creating one of the biggest staples of the industry. Mazinger is considered the first successful "Super Robot" anime show, and has spanned numerous imitations.
Simultaneously to Mazinger, he created one of his most popular manga, Debiruman (?????, Devilman), about a demonic hero fighting against hordes of demons. Nagai also turned Devilman into a series which was less violent and gritty than the manga. Years later Nagai revamped this popular series by introducing the main character as a female and altering the storyline. This series is called Devilman Lady (?????????, Devil Lady in the US). It was first released as a manga and then later as an anime. Nagai has suggested that he had originally planned Devil Lady to be the entire opposite of Devilman, in that the monsters are created by science instead of magic, the hero is a woman instead of a man, and the ending would be positive, as opposed to Devilman's negative ending. However, Devilman was not as well-received overseas as Mazinger, and he chose to create a depressive ending for Devilman Lady to express his frustration. Go Nagai considers the Devilman series, as well as the Mazinger series, as being his life's work due to their massive popularity all over the world. In 1972, Nagai managed to have 5 weekly manga publications at the same time, drawing and writing. This hasn't been achieved by other mangakas with the exception of Shinji Mizushima and George Akiyama.
Another long-running series, Violence Jack (??????? ????) spanned multiple volumes and dealt with a giant brute of a man fighting evil warlords in a post-apocalyptic setting where Japan has been devastated by a massive earthquake and isolated from the rest of the world.
One of Nagai's most popular works outside of his fanbase has been Cutey Honey, considered to be one of the first "magical girl" comics and a major influence on future series in the genre (in particular Sailor Moon). Nagai had less success a few years later with Majokko Tickle, a more traditional magical-girl series for younger children, although the accompanying anime was popular on TV in some European countries.
In 1980, he received the 4th Kodansha Manga Award for shonen for Susano OH.
Nagai has worked with Shotaro Ishinomori and Ken Ishikawa. He is currently being more prolific in manga production than ever. Much of Nagai's work has been adapted into anime and tokusatsu. Nagai has made cameo appearances in some of his live-action adaptations of his work, including The Toxic Avenger Part II, the Cutie Honey 2004 live action film, and in a special DVD-only episode of Cutie Honey The Live as Dr. Koshiro Kisaragi.
Anime titles created or based in the works of Go Nagai
- Devilman(TV series, 1972-07)
- Mazinger Z (?????Z)(TV series, 1972-12) - aired on U.S. television in the 1980s under the title TranZor Z
- Mazinger Z tai Devilman (?????Z??????)(Movie, 1973-07)
- Cutey Honey (?????????, Cutie Honey)(TV series, 1973-10)
- Dororon Enma-kun (?????????)(TV series, 1973-10)
- Mazinger Z tai Dr. Hell (?????Z???????)(Movie, 1974-03)
- Getter Robo(TV series, 1974-04)
- Mazinger Z tai Ankoku Daishougun (?????Z??????)(Movie, 1974-07)
- Great Mazinger (?????????)(TV series, 1974-09)
- Great Mazinger tai Getter Robo (????????????????)(Movie, 1975-03)
- Getter Robo G (?????? G)(TV series, 1975-05)
- Great Mazinger tai Getter Robo G: The Great Space Encounter (????????????????G ?????)(Movie, 1975-07)
- Uchuu Enban Dai-Sensou (???????, The Great Battle of the Flying Saucers)(Movie, 1975-07)
- Kotetsu Jeeg(TV series, 1975-10)
- UFO Robo Grendizer tai Great Mazinger (UFO?? ?????????????????)(Movie, 1976-03)
- Daikyu Maryű Gaiking (?????????)(TV series, 1976-04) Nagai had some problems with Toei and was left out of the credits. Eventually Nagai sued Toei and stopped further collaborations for some time. Nagai himself confirmed that he was the creator of the robot in the Comicon 2007 of Naples, Italy.
- Grendizer, Getter Robo G, Great Mazinger: Kessen! Daikaijuu! (???????·??????G·????????? ??!???)(Movie, 1976-07)
- Gloizer X (?????X, Groizer X)(TV series, 1976-07)
- UFO Robo Grendizer: Akai Yuuhi no Taiketsu (UFO?? ???????/???????, Grendizer: Confrontation in the Red Setting Sun)(Movie, 1976-12)
- Majokko Chikkuru (????????, Magical Girl Chikkle)(TV series, 1978-03)
- Psychoarmor Govarian (?????????????)(TV series, 1983-07)
- God Mazinger (????????)(TV series, 1984-04)
- Chounouryoku Shoujo Barabanba (??????????)(OVA, 1985-06)
- Mujigen Hunter Fandora (??????? ?????, Dream Dimension Hunter Fandora)(OVA, 1985-09)
- Violence Jack: Slum King (??????·????/?????????, Violence Jack: Harlem Bomber)(OVA, 1986-06)
- Devilman: The Birth(OVA, 1987-11)
- Violence Jack: Evil Town (??????????/????, Violence Jack: Jigoku Gai)(OVA, 1988-12)
- Jushin Liger (??????, Beast-God Riger)(TV series, 1989-03)
- Shutendoji (????, Shuten Douji)(OVA, 1989-12)
- Devilman: The Demon Bird(OVA, 1990-02)
- Violence Jack: Hell`s Wind (??????????/????????, Violence Jack: Hell's Wind hen)(OVA, 1990-11)
- CB Chara Nagai Go World (CB??????????)(OVA, 1991-02)
- Getter Robo Go (???????)(TV series, 1991-02)
- Abashiri Family (??????, Abashiri Ikka)(OVA, 1991-05)
- Kekko Kamen(OVA, 1991-08)
- Anime V Comic Rentaman(OVA, 1991)
- Kyukioku no Sex Adventure Kamasutra (???SEX??????? ???????)(1992-04)
- Iron Virgin Jun (????JUN, Tetsu no Shojo JUN)(OVA, 1992-07)
- Oira Sukeban (?????(????), Sukeban Boy, Delinquent in Drag)(OVA, 1992-08)
- Hanappe Bazooka(OVA, 1992-09)
- Black Lion (????, Kuro no Shishi)(OVA, 1992-11)
- New Cutey Honey (?·?????????, Shin Cutey Honey)(OVA, 1994-04)
- Heisei Harenchi Gakuen (????????)(OVA, 1996-03)
- Harenchi Koumon Manyuuki (??????????)(OVA, 1996-05)
- Cutey Honey F (?????????F(?????))(TV series, 1997-02)
- Cutey Honey F (?????????F(?????))(Movie, 1997-07)
- Shin Getter Robo: Sekai Saigo no Hi (???????????????, Getter Robo: Armageddon))(OVA, 1998-08)
- Devilman Lady (?????????)(TV series, 1998-10)
- Amon: The Apocalypse of Devilman (????????)(OVA, 2000-05)
- Shin Getter Robo Tai Neo Getter Robo (????????????????)(OVA, 2000-12)
- Mazinkaiser (???????)(OVA, 2001-09)
- Demon Lord Dante (?????, Mao Dante)(TV series, 2002-08)
- Mazinkaiser: Death! The Great General of Darkness (??????? ??!?????, Mazinkaiser: Shitou! Ankoku Daishogun)(OVA, 2003-07)
- New Getter Robo (???????, Shin Getter Robo)(OVA, 2004-04)
- Panda-Z - The Robonimation (??????? THE ROBONIMATION)(TV series, 2004-04)
- Re: Cutie Honey (Re:?????????)(OVA, 2004-07)
- Gaiking: Legend of Daiku Maryu(TV series, 2005-11)
- Demon Prince Enma (?????, Kikoushi Enma)(OVA, 2006-08)
- Kotetsushin Jeeg (??????, Steel God Jeeg)(TV series, 2007-04)
Tokusatsu/Live action created or based in the works of Go Nagai
- Harenchi Gakuen(Movie, 1970-05-02)
- Harenchi Gakuen: Shintai Kensa no Maki (?????? ??????)(Movie, 1970-08-01)
- Harenchi Gakuen: Tackle Kiss no Maki (?????? ????·?????)(Movie, 1970-09-12)
- Harenchi Gakuen(TV series, 1970-10-01)
- Shin Harenchi Gakuen (???????)(Movie, 1971-01-03)
- Battle Hawk(TV series, 1976-10-04)
- Pro-Wres no Hoshi Aztecaser (?????? ???????)(TV series, 1976-10-07)
- X Bomber (X????, ???????????????, Super Space Machine X Bomber, Star Fleet)[TV series, 1980-10-04)
- Nagai Go no Kowai Zone: Kaiki (?????????? ??)(Movie, 1989-08-25)
- Nagai Go no Kowai Zone 2: Senki (??????????2 ??)(Movie, 1990-08-24)
- The Ninja Dragon (??????? ???????, Kuso Kagaku Ninkyoden: Gokudo Ninja Dosuryu)(Movie, 1990-10-25)
- Kekko Kamen(Movie, 1991-03-22)
- Bishojo Tantei Maboroshi Panty (????? ????????)(Movie, 1991-11-25)
- Kekko Kamen 2: We'll be back... (??????2, ??????2 We’ll be back···)(Movie, 1992-03-27)
- Nagai Go no Horror Gekijo: Mannequin (????????? ????)(Movie, 1992-04-24)
- Oira Sukeban: Kessen! Pansuto (????? ??!????)(Movie, 1992-07-24)
- Nagai Go no Horror Gekijo: Kirikagami (????????? ???)(Movie, 1992-08-28)
- Kekko Kamen 3 (??????3)(Movie, 1993-04-23)
- Jushin Thunder Liger: Fist of Thunder (?????????? ????? FIST OF THUNDER)(Movie, 1995-02-21)
- Heisei Harenchi Gakuen (????????)(Movie, 1996-02-02)
- Kyuketsu Onsen e Yokoso (?????????)(Movie, 1997-04-21)
- Lovely Angel: Homon Soap Degozaimasu (????·????? ???????????)(Movie, 1997-09-26)
- Lovely Angel 2: Taiketsu! Homon Soap Jo vs Shuccho SM Jo!! (????·?????2 ??!??????vs??SM?!!)(Movie, 1997-11-28)
- Kekko Kamen (??????, Mask of Kekkou)(Movie, 2004-02-06)
- Nagai Go World: Maboroshi Panty VS Henchin Pokoider (??????? ????????VS?????????)(Movie, 2004-05-10)
- Cutie Honey (?????????)(Movie, 2004-05-29)
- Kekko Kamen: Mangriffon no Gyakushu (?????? ??????????, Kekko Kamen: The MGF Strikes Back!)(Movie, 2004-07-23)
- Devilman(Movie, 2004-10-09)
- Kekko Kamen Returns (?????? RETURNS)(Movie, 2004-10-31)
- Kekko Kamen Surprise!! (?????? SURPRISE)(Movie, 2004-10-31)
- Kabuto-O Beetle(Movie, 2005-07-16)
- Oira Sukeban(Movie, 2006-02-04)
- Kekko Kamen Royale (?????? ?????)(Movie, 2007-05-25)
- Kekko Kamen Premium (?????? ?????)(Movie, 2007-06-22)
- Kekko Kamen Forever (?????? ??????)(Movie, 2007-07-27)
- Cutie Honey The Live (????????? THE LIVE)(TV series, 2007-10-02)
Additionally, Nagai appears as an actor in the following productions:
- The Toxic Avenger Part II (1989)
- Nijisseiki Shonen Dokuhon (1989)
- Kekko Kamen 2: We'll be back... (1992)
- Nagai Go no Horror Gekijo: Mannequin (1992)
- Oira Sukeban: Kessen! Pansuto (1992)
- Mirai no Omoide: Last Christmas (1992)
- Metropolis (anime) (2001) Guest voice
- Kekko Kamen (2004)
- Nagai Go World: Maboroshi Panty VS Henchin Pokoider (2004)
- Cutie Honey (2004)
- Devilman (2004)
- Cutie Honey The Live (2007) episode 26 (DVD-only episode)
External links
- (Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of Japan)
- (??SF?????) — a Japanese version of the page.
- *
- , with lists and pictures of various Nagai and Nagai-related works, and many notes on them.
- , a website with a biography of Go Nagai and a list of almost all of his manga and anime work from 1967 to 2004, as well as other works based on his original ideas.
- , the official biography of Go Nagai by D/visual.
- , detalied production information
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