Friedrich L. Bauer
Encyclopedia
Friedrich Ludwig Bauer is a German
computer scientist
and professor emeritus
at Technical University of Munich
.
in 1942 and served in the Wehrmacht
(German armed forces) from 1943 to 1945. In 1946 he started studying mathematics
and theoretical physics
at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich
(until 1950). Since 1963, he worked as a professor of mathematics and (since 1972) computer science at Technical University of Munich
. He retired in 1989.
Bauer's early work involved the construction of computing machinery (e.g. the logical relay computer Stanislaus in 1951). In this context, he was the first to propose the widely used stack method
of expression evaluation. Bauer also worked in the committees that developed the imperative
computer programming language
s ALGOL 58
and its successor ALGOL 60
, important predecessors to all modern imperative programming languages. In 1968, Bauer coined the term Software Engineering
which has been in widespread use since.
Bauer was an influential figure in establishing computer science
as an independent subject in German universities.
His scientific contributions spread from numerical analysis
(Bauer-Fike theorem
) and fundamentals of interpretation and translation of programming languages, to his later works on systematics of program development, especially program transformation
methods and systems (CIP-S) and the associated wide-spectrum language
system CIP-L. He also wrote a well-respected book on cryptology, Decrypted secrets, now in its fourth edition.
He was the doctoral advisor
of 39 students, including Manfred Broy
, David Gries
, Manfred Paul, Gerhard Seegmüller, Josef Stoer, Peter Wynn
, and Christoph Zenger
.
Friedrich Bauer is married to Dr. Hildegard Bauer-Vogg. He is the father of three sons and two daughters.
NATO had planned a conference to discuss this crisis and it was at this conference in 1968, sponsored by the NATO Science Committee, in Garmisch, Germany, that Fritz Bauer proposed the following definition of Software Engineering:
"Establishment and use of sound engineering principles to obtain economically software that is reliable and works on real machines efficiently." Fritz Bauer, 1968.
Honorary doctorates
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
computer scientist
Computer scientist
A computer scientist is a scientist who has acquired knowledge of computer science, the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their application in computer systems....
and professor emeritus
Emeritus
Emeritus is a post-positive adjective that is used to designate a retired professor, bishop, or other professional or as a title. The female equivalent emerita is also sometimes used.-History:...
at Technical University of Munich
Technical University of Munich
The Technische Universität München is a research university with campuses in Munich, Garching, and Weihenstephan...
.
Life
Bauer earned his AbiturAbitur
Abitur is a designation used in Germany, Finland and Estonia for final exams that pupils take at the end of their secondary education, usually after 12 or 13 years of schooling, see also for Germany Abitur after twelve years.The Zeugnis der Allgemeinen Hochschulreife, often referred to as...
in 1942 and served in the Wehrmacht
Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht – from , to defend and , the might/power) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer , the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe .-Origin and use of the term:...
(German armed forces) from 1943 to 1945. In 1946 he started studying mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...
and theoretical physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
(until 1950). Since 1963, he worked as a professor of mathematics and (since 1972) computer science at Technical University of Munich
Technical University of Munich
The Technische Universität München is a research university with campuses in Munich, Garching, and Weihenstephan...
. He retired in 1989.
Bauer's early work involved the construction of computing machinery (e.g. the logical relay computer Stanislaus in 1951). In this context, he was the first to propose the widely used stack method
Stack (data structure)
In computer science, a stack is a last in, first out abstract data type and linear data structure. A stack can have any abstract data type as an element, but is characterized by only three fundamental operations: push, pop and stack top. The push operation adds a new item to the top of the stack,...
of expression evaluation. Bauer also worked in the committees that developed the imperative
Imperative programming
In computer science, imperative programming is a programming paradigm that describes computation in terms of statements that change a program state...
computer programming language
Programming language
A programming language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely....
s ALGOL 58
ALGOL 58
ALGOL 58, originally known as IAL, is one of the family of ALGOL computer programming languages. It was an early compromise design soon superseded by ALGOL 60...
and its successor ALGOL 60
ALGOL 60
ALGOL 60 is a member of the ALGOL family of computer programming languages. It gave rise to many other programming languages, including BCPL, B, Pascal, Simula, C, and many others. ALGOL 58 introduced code blocks and the begin and end pairs for delimiting them...
, important predecessors to all modern imperative programming languages. In 1968, Bauer coined the term Software Engineering
Software engineering
Software Engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering to software...
which has been in widespread use since.
Bauer was an influential figure in establishing computer science
Computer science
Computer science or computing science is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems...
as an independent subject in German universities.
His scientific contributions spread from numerical analysis
Numerical analysis
Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms that use numerical approximation for the problems of mathematical analysis ....
(Bauer-Fike theorem
Bauer-Fike theorem
In mathematics, the Bauer–Fike theorem is a standard result in the perturbation theory of the eigenvalue of a complex-valued diagonalizable matrix. In its substance, it states an absolute upper bound for the deviation of one perturbed matrix eigenvalue from a properly chosen eigenvalue of the exact...
) and fundamentals of interpretation and translation of programming languages, to his later works on systematics of program development, especially program transformation
Program transformation
A program transformation is any operation that takes a computer program and generates another program. In many cases the transformed program is required to be semantically equivalent to the original, relative to a particular formal semantics and in fewer cases the transformations result in programs...
methods and systems (CIP-S) and the associated wide-spectrum language
Wide-spectrum language
A wide-spectrum language is a programming language designed to be simultaneously a low-level and a high-level language—possibly a non-executable specification language. Wide-spectrum languages are designed to support a programming methodology based on program refinement.The concept was...
system CIP-L. He also wrote a well-respected book on cryptology, Decrypted secrets, now in its fourth edition.
He was the doctoral advisor
Doctoral advisor
A doctoral advisor is an advanced member of a university faculty whose role is to guide a graduate student who is a candidate for a doctorate degree, helping them select coursework, as well as shaping, refining and directing the students' choice of sub-discipline...
of 39 students, including Manfred Broy
Manfred Broy
Manfred Broy is a German computer scientist.Broy is a professor in the Institut für Informatik at the Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.- Selected books :...
, David Gries
David Gries
David Gries is an American computer scientist at Cornell University, United States. He is currently Associate Dean for Undergraduate Programs in the College of Engineering. His research interests include programming methodology and related areas such as programming languages, programming...
, Manfred Paul, Gerhard Seegmüller, Josef Stoer, Peter Wynn
Peter Wynn (mathematician)
Peter Wynn is a mathematician. His main achievements concern approximation theory – in particular the theory of Padé approximants – and its application in numerical methods for improving the rate of convergence of sequences of real numbers....
, and Christoph Zenger
Christoph Zenger
Christoph Zenger is a German mathematician.-Career:Born in Lindau, Zenger studied physics at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and did a doctorate in mathematics in 1967. In 1973 he did his habilitation in mathematics and in 1977 he became professor of mathematics at Technical University...
.
Friedrich Bauer is married to Dr. Hildegard Bauer-Vogg. He is the father of three sons and two daughters.
Definition of Software Engineering
Dr. Bauer was a colleague of the German Representative the NATO Science Committee. In 1967, NATO had been discussing 'The Software Crisis' and Friedrich had suggested the term 'Software Engineering' as a way to conceive of both the problem and the solution.NATO had planned a conference to discuss this crisis and it was at this conference in 1968, sponsored by the NATO Science Committee, in Garmisch, Germany, that Fritz Bauer proposed the following definition of Software Engineering:
"Establishment and use of sound engineering principles to obtain economically software that is reliable and works on real machines efficiently." Fritz Bauer, 1968.
Publications
- 1960 Sequential Formula Translation, Commun. ACM 3(2): 76-83, (together with Klaus SamelsonKlaus SamelsonKlaus Samelson was a German mathematician, physicist, and computer pioneer in the area of programming language translation and push-pop stack algorithms for sequential formula translation on computers.- Early life :...
), a very influential paper on compilers
Books
- 1964 Introduction to Algol, F.L. Bauer, R. Baumann, M. Feliciano, K. Samelson, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-134-77828-6
- 2006 Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of Cryptology 4th edition, New York, SpringerSpringer Science+Business Media- Selected publications :* Encyclopaedia of Mathematics* Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete * Graduate Texts in Mathematics * Grothendieck's Séminaire de géométrie algébrique...
, ISBN 3-540-24502-2
Awards
- 1944 Iron CrossIron CrossThe Iron Cross is a cross symbol typically in black with a white or silver outline that originated after 1219 when the Kingdom of Jerusalem granted the Teutonic Order the right to combine the Teutonic Black Cross placed above a silver Cross of Jerusalem....
2nd Class - 1968: Member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in mathematics and science class
- 1971: Bavarian Order of MeritBavarian Order of MeritThe Bavarian Order of Merit is the order of merit of the Free State of Bavaria. It is awarded by the Minister-President of Bavaria as a "recognition of outstanding contributions to the Free State of Bavaria and the Bavarian people"....
- 1978: Wilhelm Exner Medal (Austria)
- 1982: Federal Merit CrossBundesverdienstkreuzThe Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany is the only general state decoration of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has existed since 7 September 1951, and between 3,000 and 5,200 awards are given every year across all classes...
1st Class - 1984: Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
- 1986: Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and ArtBavarian Maximilian Order for Science and ArtThe Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art was first established on 28 November 1853 by King Maximilian II. von Bayern. It is awarded to acknowledge and reward excellent and outstanding achievements in the field of science and art...
- 1987: Honorary Member of the Society for computer science
- 1988: Golden Ring of Honour of the German Museum
- 1988: IEEE Computer Pioneer AwardIEEE Computer Pioneer awardThe Computer Pioneer Award was established in 1981 by the Board of Governors of the IEEE Computer Society to recognize and honor the vision of those people whose efforts resulted in the creation and continued vitality of the computer industry...
- 1997: Heinz-Maier-Leibnitz Medal from the Technical University of MunichTechnical University of MunichThe Technische Universität München is a research university with campuses in Munich, Garching, and Weihenstephan...
- 1998: corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of SciencesAustrian Academy of SciencesThe Austrian Academy of Sciences is a legal entity under the special protection of the Federal Republic of Austria. According to the statutes of the Academy its mission is to promote the sciences and humanities in every respect and in every field, particularly in fundamental research...
- 2002: Honorary Member of the Deutsches MuseumDeutsches MuseumThe Deutsches Museum in Munich, Germany, is the world's largest museum of technology and science, with approximately 1.5 million visitors per year and about 28,000 exhibited objects from 50 fields of science and technology. The museum was founded on June 28, 1903, at a meeting of the Association...
- 2004: Silver Medal of Merit of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
- Friedrich L. Bauer Prize for computer science at the TU Munich
Honorary doctorates
- 1974: Honorary Doctor of the University of GrenobleUniversity of GrenobleUniversity of Grenoble or Grenoble University was a university in Grenoble, France until 1970, when it was split into several different institutions:...
- 1989: Honorary Doctor of the University of PassauUniversity of PassauThe University of Passau is a public research university located in Passau, Lower Bavaria, Germany. Founded in 1978, it is the youngest university in Bavaria and has therefore the most modern campus in the state...
- 1998: Honorary doctorate from the University of the Bundeswehr Munich (Neubiberg)
External links
- Oral history interview with Friedrich L. Bauer, Charles Babbage InstituteCharles Babbage InstituteThe Charles Babbage Institute is a research center at the University of Minnesota specializing in the history of information technology, particularly the history since 1935 of digital computing, programming/software, and computer networking....
, University of Minnesota. Bauer discusses his education and early research, including the European side of the development of ALGOLALGOLALGOL is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the mid 1950s which greatly influenced many other languages and became the de facto way algorithms were described in textbooks and academic works for almost the next 30 years...
, as well as his later work in numerical analysis and programming languages. - Photograph of F. L. Bauer (provided by Brian RandellBrian RandellBrian Randell is a British computer scientist, and Emeritus Professor at the School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, U.K. He specializes in research in software fault tolerance and dependability, and is a noted authority on the early prior to 1950 history of computers.- Biography...
) - Bauer about Rutishauser at a symposium at the ETH Zürich in 2002