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In Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
, the clandestine revolutionary Free Officers Movement was composed of young junior army officers committed to unseating the Egyptian monarchy
1952 Revolution

The Egyptian Revolution of 1952 , also known as the July 23 Revolution, began with a military coup d'?tat that took place on July 23, 1952 by a group of young army officers who named themselves "The Free Officers Movement"....
 and its British advisors. It was founded by Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser
Gamal Abdel Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser was the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death in 1970. Along with Muhammad Naguib, he led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which removed Farouk of Egypt and heralded a new period of industrialization in Egypt, together with a profound advancement of Arab nationalism, including a short-lived United Arab Republ...
 in the aftermath of Egypt's sense of national disgrace from the War of 1948
1948 Arab-Israeli War

The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, known by the Israelis predominantly as War of Independence and War of Liberation , and by Palestinians as the Catastrophe , was the first in a series of wars fought between the Declaration of Independence State of Israel and its Arab neighbours in the long-running Arab-Israeli conflict....
.

er formed a coordinating committee (1949), of which he was acclaimed head (1950). The Free Officers Committee enlisted General Muhammad Naguib
Muhammad Naguib

Muhammad Naguib was the first President of Egypt, serving from the declaration of the Republic of Egypt on June 18, 1953 to November 14 1954. Along with Gamal Abdel Nasser, he was the primary leader of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which ended the rule of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in Egypt and Sudan....
 as a public figurehead in preparation for the successful coup of July 23, 1952.






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In Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
, the clandestine revolutionary Free Officers Movement was composed of young junior army officers committed to unseating the Egyptian monarchy
1952 Revolution

The Egyptian Revolution of 1952 , also known as the July 23 Revolution, began with a military coup d'?tat that took place on July 23, 1952 by a group of young army officers who named themselves "The Free Officers Movement"....
 and its British advisors. It was founded by Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser
Gamal Abdel Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser was the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death in 1970. Along with Muhammad Naguib, he led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which removed Farouk of Egypt and heralded a new period of industrialization in Egypt, together with a profound advancement of Arab nationalism, including a short-lived United Arab Republ...
 in the aftermath of Egypt's sense of national disgrace from the War of 1948
1948 Arab-Israeli War

The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, known by the Israelis predominantly as War of Independence and War of Liberation , and by Palestinians as the Catastrophe , was the first in a series of wars fought between the Declaration of Independence State of Israel and its Arab neighbours in the long-running Arab-Israeli conflict....
.

Description

Nasser formed a coordinating committee (1949), of which he was acclaimed head (1950). The Free Officers Committee enlisted General Muhammad Naguib
Muhammad Naguib

Muhammad Naguib was the first President of Egypt, serving from the declaration of the Republic of Egypt on June 18, 1953 to November 14 1954. Along with Gamal Abdel Nasser, he was the primary leader of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which ended the rule of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in Egypt and Sudan....
 as a public figurehead in preparation for the successful coup of July 23, 1952. The nine men who had constituted themselves as the Committee of the Free Officers Movement and led the 1952 Revolution were Lieutenant Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser
Gamal Abdel Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser was the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death in 1970. Along with Muhammad Naguib, he led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which removed Farouk of Egypt and heralded a new period of industrialization in Egypt, together with a profound advancement of Arab nationalism, including a short-lived United Arab Republ...
, Major Abdel Hakim Amer
Abdel Hakim Amer

Abdel Hakim Amer ? was an Egyptian military general and political leader. Born in Astal , Samallot, in the Al Minya Governorate in 1919, He served in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, took part in the 1952 Revolution and commanded the Egyptian Army in the Suez Crisis, the North Yemen Civil War and the Six-Day War....
, Lieutenant Colonel Anwar El-Sadat, Major Salah Salem, Major Kamal ad Din Husayn, Wing Commander
Wing Commander (rank)

Wing Commander is a Officer #Commissioned officers Military rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many other Commonwealth of Nations countries....
 Gamal Salem, Squadron Leader
Squadron Leader

Squadron Leader is a commissioned officer rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence....
 Hassan Ibrahim, Major Khalid Mohieddin, and Wing Commander Abd al Latif al Baghdadi. Major Hussein Al Shafei and Lieutenant Colonel Zakaria Mohieddin
Zakaria Mohieddin

Zakaria Mohieddin is a former Egyptians military officer, politician, former List of Prime Ministers of Egypt and former head of the first Intelligence body in Egypt the Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate...
 joined the committee later.

Similar movements were organized by other Arab politicians seeking to mimic Nasser's ascent. For example, Libya
Libya

Libya , officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....
n president Muammar al-Gaddafi
Muammar al-Gaddafi

Muammar Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi#Name also known as Colonel Gaddafi has been the de facto leader of Libya since a 1969 coup....
 used a similar group to overthrow the Libyan King Idris in 1969, and the leaders of the Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
n Ba'ath Party used a similar group to overthrow the Nasser organized union between Egypt and Syria (see United Arab Republic
United Arab Republic

The United Arab Republic , often abbreviated as the U.A.R., was a union between Egypt and Syria. The union began in 1958 and existed until 1961 when Syria seceded from the union....
) in 1961. In Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
 during the 1960s the Saudi Prince Talal used a similar idea, the Free Princes Movement in an unsuccessful effort to overthrow his country's conservative monarchy. He was exiled to Egypt as a result and was given asylum by Nasser.

The Free Officers Movement can be seen in context in the entries for Nasser and Naguib
Muhammad Naguib

Muhammad Naguib was the first President of Egypt, serving from the declaration of the Republic of Egypt on June 18, 1953 to November 14 1954. Along with Gamal Abdel Nasser, he was the primary leader of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which ended the rule of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in Egypt and Sudan....
. The anniversary of their coup is now commemorated as Revolution Day
Revolution Day

Revolution Day refers to the Holidays in Egypt on July 23 held on the anniversary of the 1952 Revolution.On July 23, 1952, a group of young army officers in the "Free Officers Movement" led by Muhammad Naguib, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Abdel Hakim Amer and Anwar Al Sadat forced Farouk of Egypt, the last ruling King of Egypt, to abdication in a mi...
, an annual public holiday in Egypt on July 23. The name was consciously assumed by opposition leaders in Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the President of Iraq of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003.A leading member of the revolutionary Ba'ath Party, which espoused secular pan-Arabism, economic modernization, and Arab socialism, Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup that brought the party to long-term power....
's Iraq
Iraq

Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
, led by Brigadier-General Najib al-Salihi, who signed a confederation agreement with the Assyrian National Congress on June 15, 2002. A faction of the Free Officers led a revolution in Iraq in 1958 in which King Faisal (cousin of King Hussein of Jordan
Jordan

Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
) was brutally murdered. This coup was due to Nasser's anger over the formation of the Arab Federation
Arab federation

Arab federation can mean:* Arab Federation, a confederation between Iraq and Jordan * Arab League, a regional organization of Arab States in the Middle East and North Africa....
 between Iraq
Iraq

Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
 and Jordan
Jordan

Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
 a few months earlier.

See also

  • Egyptian Revolution of 1952
  • Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council
    Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council

    The Revolutionary Command Council was the body established to supervise Egypt and Sudan after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. It initially selected Ali Maher Pasha as Prime Minister, but forced him to resign after conflict over Egyptian land reform....
  • History of Modern Egypt
    History of Modern Egypt

    The History of modern Egypt conventionally begins from 1882 when Egypt became part of the British sphere of influence in the region, a situation that conflicted with Egypt's position as part of the Ottoman Empire....


External links

  • Egypt Coup 1952