Frederick II, Duke of Lorraine
Encyclopedia
Frederick II was the duke of Lorraine from 1206 to his death, son of Frederick I
and Ludmilla, daughter of Mieszko III the Old
, of the Piast Dynasty
.
In 1179, a three-year civil war ended in Lorraine and Duke Simon II
was forced to agree to the Treaty of Ribemont
, whereby Lorrain was divided: the northern, germanophone half going to Simon's brother Frederick
and the southern, francophone
half to Simon, who had tried to appease Frederick by giving him the county of Bitche
. Simon designated Frederick's son, Frederick, as his heir and abdicated in 1205. Nonetheless, Frederick was acclaimed duke, but died the next year. His son succeeded him and the duchy was completely reunited.
By his 1188 marriage to Agnes of Bar (d.19 June 1226), he received the lands of Amance
, Longwy
, and Stenay
. He entered into a war with his father-in-law, Theobald I of Bar
, and was defeated in 1208, being captured and imprisoned for seven months. To obtain his freedom, he relinquished the cities.
In 1197, he had supported Duke Philip of Swabia
's candidature for the kingship of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire
, but, after Philip's death in 1208, he moved over to the side of Duke Otto of Brunswick, upon whose excommunication
in 1211, he finally transferred his support to the Hohenstaufen
heir, Frederick I of Sicily.
is Ferry or Ferri, the diminutive of Frederick . The name Frederick was held by three dukes of a different house in the tenth and eleventh centuries. This, and the confusing succession to his uncle, has caused much confusion over his proper ordinal. If only the dukes of his house, those named Ferry, are counted, he is:
If the previous dukes are counted, he could be:
To most historians, he is Frederick II, because to French historians, he is Ferry II.
Frederick I, Duke of Lorraine
Frederick I was the duke of Lorraine from 1205 to his death. He was the second son of Matthias I and Judith, daughter of Frederick II, Duke of Swabia. He succeeded his brother, Simon II, who had already given him the county of Bitche in 1176 and had recognised him over the northern, germanophone...
and Ludmilla, daughter of Mieszko III the Old
Mieszko III the Old
Mieszko III the Old , of the royal Piast dynasty, was Duke of Greater Poland from 1138 and High Duke of Poland, with interruptions, from 1173 until his death....
, of the Piast Dynasty
Piast dynasty
The Piast dynasty was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. It began with the semi-legendary Piast Kołodziej . The first historical ruler was Duke Mieszko I . The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir the Great...
.
In 1179, a three-year civil war ended in Lorraine and Duke Simon II
Simon II, Duke of Lorraine
Simon II was the Duke of Lorraine from 1176 to 1205. He was the son and successor of Matthias I and Judith, daughter of Frederick II, Duke of Swabia....
was forced to agree to the Treaty of Ribemont
Treaty of Ribemont
There are two Treaties of Ribemont, the first is from 880 and the second is from 1179.-The treaty of 880:The Treaty of Ribemont in 880 was the last treaty on the partitions of the Frankish Empire...
, whereby Lorrain was divided: the northern, germanophone half going to Simon's brother Frederick
Frederick I, Duke of Lorraine
Frederick I was the duke of Lorraine from 1205 to his death. He was the second son of Matthias I and Judith, daughter of Frederick II, Duke of Swabia. He succeeded his brother, Simon II, who had already given him the county of Bitche in 1176 and had recognised him over the northern, germanophone...
and the southern, francophone
Francophone
The adjective francophone means French-speaking, typically as primary language, whether referring to individuals, groups, or places. Often, the word is used as a noun to describe a natively French-speaking person....
half to Simon, who had tried to appease Frederick by giving him the county of Bitche
Bitche
Bitche is a commune in the Moselle department in Lorraine in north-eastern France.It is known for its large citadel. The surrounding territory is known as le Pays de Bitche in French and Bitscherland in German.-Geography:...
. Simon designated Frederick's son, Frederick, as his heir and abdicated in 1205. Nonetheless, Frederick was acclaimed duke, but died the next year. His son succeeded him and the duchy was completely reunited.
By his 1188 marriage to Agnes of Bar (d.19 June 1226), he received the lands of Amance
Amance
Amance is the name of several communes in France:* Amance, Aube, in the Aube département* Amance, Meurthe-et-Moselle, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département* Amance, Haute-Saône, in the Haute-Saône département...
, Longwy
Longwy
Longwy is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.The inhabitants are known as Longoviciens.-Economy:Longwy has historically been an industrial center of the Lorraine iron mining district. The town is known for its artistic glazed pottery.-History:Longwy initially...
, and Stenay
Stenay
Stenay is a commune in the Meuse department in Lorraine in north-eastern France.It was one of the last villages to experience fighting during World War I. Stenay was captured on 11 November 1918 by the American 89th Division under General William M. Wright only hours before the Armistice went into...
. He entered into a war with his father-in-law, Theobald I of Bar
Theobald I of Bar
Jean Theobald I of Bar was count of Bar from 1190 until his death, and a count of Luxemburg from 1197 until his death. He was the son of Reginald II of Bar and his wife Agnès de Champagne...
, and was defeated in 1208, being captured and imprisoned for seven months. To obtain his freedom, he relinquished the cities.
In 1197, he had supported Duke Philip of Swabia
Philip of Swabia
Philip of Swabia was king of Germany and duke of Swabia, the rival of the emperor Otto IV.-Biography:Philip was the fifth and youngest son of Emperor Frederick I and Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy, daughter of Renaud III, count of Burgundy, and brother of the emperor Henry VI...
's candidature for the kingship of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
, but, after Philip's death in 1208, he moved over to the side of Duke Otto of Brunswick, upon whose excommunication
Excommunication
Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive, suspend or limit membership in a religious community. The word means putting [someone] out of communion. In some religions, excommunication includes spiritual condemnation of the member or group...
in 1211, he finally transferred his support to the Hohenstaufen
Hohenstaufen
The House of Hohenstaufen was a dynasty of German kings in the High Middle Ages, lasting from 1138 to 1254. Three of these kings were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor. In 1194 the Hohenstaufens also became Kings of Sicily...
heir, Frederick I of Sicily.
Family
By his marriage to Agnes, the daughter of Theobald I, Count of Bar and Laurette de Looz, he had:- TheobaldTheobald I, Duke of LorraineTheobald I was the duke of Lorraine from 1213 to his death. He was the son and successor of Frederick II and Agnes of Bar....
(d.1220), his successor in Lorraine - MatthiasMatthias II, Duke of LorraineMatthias II was Duke of Lorraine from 1220 to his death. He was the son of Duke Frederick II and Agnes of Bar and succeeded his brother, Theobald I....
(d.1251), his brother, successor in Lorraine - Reginald (d.1274), count of BlieskastelBlieskastelBlieskastel is a municipality in the Saarpfalz district, in Saarland, Germany. It is situated on the river Blies, approximately 8 km west of Zweibrücken, and 20 km east of Saarbrücken.-International relations:...
- Alice, countess of OrmesOrmesOrmes may refer to:*communes in France:**Ormes, Aube**Ormes, Eure**Ormes, Loiret**Ormes, Marne**Ormes, Saône-et-Loire**Ormes-et-Ville, Meurthe-et-Moselle**Les Ormes, Vienne**Les Ormes, Yonne...
, married firstly Werner (d.1228), count of Kirbourg, and secondly, in 1229, Walter, lord of VignoryVignoryVignory is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.... - Lauretta, married Simon III, Count of SaarbrückenSimon III, Count of SaarbrückenSimon III of Sarrebrück was a participant in the Fifth Crusade. He acted there as leader in operations in front of Damietta in 1218.-Family:He married Gertrude of Dagsburg as her third husband; she died 1225....
, in 1226 - Jacob (d.1260), bishop of Metz
Enumeration
His name in FrenchFrench language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
is Ferry or Ferri, the diminutive of Frederick . The name Frederick was held by three dukes of a different house in the tenth and eleventh centuries. This, and the confusing succession to his uncle, has caused much confusion over his proper ordinal. If only the dukes of his house, those named Ferry, are counted, he is:
- Frederick I, as the first rightful ruler of his line, by his uncle's designation
- Frederick II, as the successor, in fact, to his father, Frederick I
If the previous dukes are counted, he could be:
- Frederick III, as the other Frederick IIFrederick II, Duke of Upper LorraineFrederick II , son of Thierry I and Richilde von Blieskastel, daughter of Folmar III, Count in Bliesgau; was the count of Bar and duke of Lorraine, co-reigning with his father from 1019....
was only a co-ruler - Frederick IV, if his father is counted
- Frederick V, if all dukes, reigning and acclaimed, are counted, including both Frederick II of the older house and his father
To most historians, he is Frederick II, because to French historians, he is Ferry II.
See also
- Dukes of Lorraine family treeDukes of Lorraine family treeThis is a family tree of the House of Lorraine. It ranges from the foundation of the Longwy dynasty, in 1047, to the abdication of Francis III of Lorraine in 1737.See also: Lorraine...