Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine
Encyclopedia
Theobald I (c. 1191 – February 17, 1220) was the duke of Lorraine from 1213 to his death. He was the son and successor of Frederick II
and Agnes of Bar.
Theobald joined Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
, on 4 July 1214 at the Battle of Bouvines
, where he was taken in prisoner in the rout. He was quickly liberated.
In 1216, in the Champagne War of Succession, he supported Erard I, Count of Brienne
, in his quarrel with Theobald IV, Count of Champagne
, who was supported by Philip II of France
, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
, and Henry II of Bar
. Frederick, the suzerain of Lorraine, considered it a felony
to support a candidate he opposed and occupied the city of Rosheim
, which he had given to Frederick II of Lorraine. Theobald responded in 1218, retaking Rosheim and ravaging Alsace
. Frederick did not hesitate to counterattack and invaded Lorraine and took and burned Nancy, its capital. He then besieged and took the castle of Amance
, where Theobald was taking refuge. He was imprisoned and constrained to recognise the suzerainty of the count of Champagne, the legitimacy of Erard of Brienne's claim to Champagne, and relinquish several lordships to attain liberty again. He never recovered his lost land and prestige and died in 1220.
He had married, in 1206, Gertrude
, only child and heir of Albert II, count of Dagsburg and Metz
. They had no children. His successor was Matthias
his brother; his widow remarried his old rival, Theobald of Champagne.
Frederick II, Duke of Lorraine
Frederick II was the duke of Lorraine from 1206 to his death, son of Frederick I and Ludmilla, daughter of Mieszko III the Old, of the Piast Dynasty....
and Agnes of Bar.
Theobald joined Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto IV of Brunswick was one of two rival kings of the Holy Roman Empire from 1198 on, sole king from 1208 on, and emperor from 1209 on. The only king of the Welf dynasty, he incurred the wrath of Pope Innocent III and was excommunicated in 1215.-Early life:Otto was the third son of Henry the...
, on 4 July 1214 at the Battle of Bouvines
Battle of Bouvines
The Battle of Bouvines, 27 July 1214, was a conclusive medieval battle ending the twelve year old Angevin-Flanders War that was important to the early development of both the French state by confirming the French crown's sovereignty over the Angevin lands of Brittany and Normandy.Philip Augustus of...
, where he was taken in prisoner in the rout. He was quickly liberated.
In 1216, in the Champagne War of Succession, he supported Erard I, Count of Brienne
Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt
Érard de Brienne was a French nobleman. He was lord of Ramerupt and of Venizy, and also a pretender to the county of Champagne as an instigator of the Champagne War of Succession...
, in his quarrel with Theobald IV, Count of Champagne
Theobald I of Navarre
Theobald I , called the Troubadour, the Chansonnier, and the Posthumous, was Count of Champagne from birth and King of Navarre from 1234...
, who was supported by Philip II of France
Philip II of France
Philip II Augustus was the King of France from 1180 until his death. A member of the House of Capet, Philip Augustus was born at Gonesse in the Val-d'Oise, the son of Louis VII and his third wife, Adela of Champagne...
, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II , was one of the most powerful Holy Roman Emperors of the Middle Ages and head of the House of Hohenstaufen. His political and cultural ambitions, based in Sicily and stretching through Italy to Germany, and even to Jerusalem, were enormous...
, and Henry II of Bar
Henry II of Bar
Henry II of Bar alternately Henri II of Bar was a Count of Bar who reigned from 1214 to 1239. He died in Gaza while on Crusade.-Spouse and children:In 1219 he married Philippa de Dreux , the daughter of Robert II of Dreux....
. Frederick, the suzerain of Lorraine, considered it a felony
Felony
A felony is a serious crime in the common law countries. The term originates from English common law where felonies were originally crimes which involved the confiscation of a convicted person's land and goods; other crimes were called misdemeanors...
to support a candidate he opposed and occupied the city of Rosheim
Rosheim
Rosheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.It lies southwest of Strasbourg, on the eastern slopes of the Vosges mountains...
, which he had given to Frederick II of Lorraine. Theobald responded in 1218, retaking Rosheim and ravaging Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
. Frederick did not hesitate to counterattack and invaded Lorraine and took and burned Nancy, its capital. He then besieged and took the castle of Amance
Amance
Amance is the name of several communes in France:* Amance, Aube, in the Aube département* Amance, Meurthe-et-Moselle, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département* Amance, Haute-Saône, in the Haute-Saône département...
, where Theobald was taking refuge. He was imprisoned and constrained to recognise the suzerainty of the count of Champagne, the legitimacy of Erard of Brienne's claim to Champagne, and relinquish several lordships to attain liberty again. He never recovered his lost land and prestige and died in 1220.
He had married, in 1206, Gertrude
Gertrude of Dagsburg
Gertrude of Dagsburg was the daughter and heiress of Albert II, count of Metz and Dagsburg . She was a trouvère, and was married three times....
, only child and heir of Albert II, count of Dagsburg and Metz
Metz
Metz is a city in the northeast of France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.Metz is the capital of the Lorraine region and prefecture of the Moselle department. Located near the tripoint along the junction of France, Germany, and Luxembourg, Metz forms a central place...
. They had no children. His successor was Matthias
Matthias II, Duke of Lorraine
Matthias II was Duke of Lorraine from 1220 to his death. He was the son of Duke Frederick II and Agnes of Bar and succeeded his brother, Theobald I....
his brother; his widow remarried his old rival, Theobald of Champagne.
See also
- Dukes of Lorraine family treeDukes of Lorraine family treeThis is a family tree of the House of Lorraine. It ranges from the foundation of the Longwy dynasty, in 1047, to the abdication of Francis III of Lorraine in 1737.See also: Lorraine...