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Francien
 
 
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Francien is nineteenth-century linguists' term applied to the particular langue d'oïl that was spoken in the Île-de-France
Île-de-France (province)

?le-de-France is one of the ancient provinces of France, and the one that has been the centre of power during most of History of France. It is centred on Paris....
 region (with Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
 at its center) before the establishment of the French language
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
 as a standard language
Standard language

A standard language is a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. As it is usually the form promoted in schools and the media, it is usually considered by speakers of the language to be more "correct" in some sense than other dialects....
.

According to one theory of the development of French, Francien was chosen out of all the competing Oïl languages as an official language
Official language

An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other territory. Typically a nation's official language will be the one used in that nation's courts, parliament and administration....
 (Norman
Norman language

Norman is a Romance languages and one of the Langues d'o?l. The northern Norman can be classified in the septentrional O?l languages with Picard language and Walloon language....
 and Picard
Picard language

Picard is a language closely related to French language, and as such is one of the larger group of Romance languages. It is spoken in two List of regions in France in the far north of France – Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy – and in parts of the Belgium region Wallonia ....
 being the main competitors in the mediaeval period).






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Francien is nineteenth-century linguists' term applied to the particular langue d'oïl that was spoken in the Île-de-France
Île-de-France (province)

?le-de-France is one of the ancient provinces of France, and the one that has been the centre of power during most of History of France. It is centred on Paris....
 region (with Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
 at its center) before the establishment of the French language
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
 as a standard language
Standard language

A standard language is a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. As it is usually the form promoted in schools and the media, it is usually considered by speakers of the language to be more "correct" in some sense than other dialects....
.

According to one theory of the development of French, Francien was chosen out of all the competing Oïl languages as an official language
Official language

An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other territory. Typically a nation's official language will be the one used in that nation's courts, parliament and administration....
 (Norman
Norman language

Norman is a Romance languages and one of the Langues d'o?l. The northern Norman can be classified in the septentrional O?l languages with Picard language and Walloon language....
 and Picard
Picard language

Picard is a language closely related to French language, and as such is one of the larger group of Romance languages. It is spoken in two List of regions in France in the far north of France – Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy – and in parts of the Belgium region Wallonia ....
 being the main competitors in the mediaeval period). The theory currently prevailing, however, is that Francien was one of the dialects in the dialect continuum
Dialect continuum

A dialect continuum is a range of dialects spoken across a large geographical area, differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close, and gradually decreasing in mutual intelligibility as the distances become greater....
 on top of which an administrative language, untrammelled by perceived regionalisms, was imposed as a compromise means of communication and record to replace Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
.

The existence and definition of Francien was put forward in the 19th century, partly to support the idea of the French language as enjoying a direct and pure lineage from Latin and to minimise the contribution of the various Romance
Romance languages

The Romance languages are a branch of the Indo-European languages comprising all the languages that descend from Latin language, the language of ancient Rome....
 languages of France. Nowadays, the question of Francien is a controversial topic in discussions of language policy in France
Language policy in France

France has one official language, the French language. The French government does not regulate the choice of language in publications by individuals but the use of French is required by law in commercial and workplace communications....
.

See also

  • Old French
    Old French

    Old French was the Romance languages dialect continuum spoken in territories which span roughly the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium and Switzerland from around 1000 to 1300....
  • Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts
    Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts

    The Ordinance of Villers-Cotter?ts is an extensive piece of reform legislation signed into law by Francis I of France of France on August 10, 1539 in the city of Villers-Cotter?ts....