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Fort Fillmore was a fortification
Fortification

Fortifications are military constructions and buildings designed for defense in warfare and military bases. Humans have constructed defensive works for many thousands of years, in a variety of increasingly complex designs....
 established by Col. Edwin Vose Sumner
Edwin Vose Sumner

Edwin Vose Sumner was a career United States Army Commissioned officer who became a Union Army General officer and the oldest field commander of any Army Corps on either side during the American Civil War....
 in September of 1851 near Mesilla
Mesilla, New Mexico

Mesilla is a town in Do?a Ana County, New Mexico, New Mexico, United States. The population was 2,180 at the 2000 United States Census. It is part of the Las Cruces, New Mexico Metropolitan Statistical Area....
 in what is now New Mexico
New Mexico

New Mexico is a U. S. State located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. Inhabited by Native Americans in the United States populations for many centuries, it has also has been part of the Spanish Empire viceroyalty of New Spain, part of Mexico, and a U.S....
, primarily to protect settler
Settler

A settler is a person who has human migration to an area and established permanent residence there, often to colonies the area. Settlers are generally people who take up Sedentary and agriculture it, as opposed to nomads....
s and traders
Merchant

Merchants function as professionals who deal with trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves, in order to produce profit....
 travelling to California
California

California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
. Travellers in the Westward Migration
Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny is the historical belief that the United States was destined and divinely ordained by God in Christianityto expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean....
 were under constant threat from Indian attack
Indian Wars

Indian Wars is the name generally used in the United States to describe a series of conflicts between the colonial or federal government and the indigenous peoples of North America....
, and a network of forts was created by the US Government to protect and encourage westward expansion. Fort Fillmore was intended to protect a corridor plagued by Apache
Apache

Apache is the collective term for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the United States. These indigenous peoples of North America speak a Southern Athabaskan languages language, and are related linguistically to the languages of Athabaskan speakers of Alaska and western Canada....
 attacks where several migration routes
Historical roads and trails of the United States

Historical roads and trails of the United States is a list of roads and trails important to the settlement and development of the United States including those used by the native Americans in the United States....
 converged between El Paso
El Paso, Texas

El Paso is a city in and the county seat of El Paso County, Texas, Texas, United States, and part of the . According to the United States Census Bureau 2006 population estimates, the city had a population of 606,913....
 and Tucson
Tucson, Arizona

Tucson is a city in and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, Arizona, United States, located 118 miles southeast of Phoenix, Arizona and 60 miles north of the U.S.-Mexico border....
 to take advantage of Apache Pass
Apache Pass

Apache Pass is a historic passage in the U.S. state of Arizona between the Dos Cabezas Mountains and Chiricahua Mountains, approximately 32 km E-SE of Willcox, Arizona....
.

The fall of Fort Fillmore in 1861 to Confederate
Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America formed as the government set up from 1861 to 1865 by eleven Southern United States U.S. state of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S....
 soldiers under the command of Lt. Colonel John Baylor
John Baylor

John Robert Baylor was a politician in Texas and a military officer of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.Baylor was born in Paris, Kentucky, the son of a United States Army surgeon, and lived on various Army posts during his youth....
 solidified the Arizona Territory of the Confederate States of America
Arizona Territory

The Territory of Arizona was an organized territory of the United States that existed between 1863 and 1912. A forerunner, almost identical in name but largely differing in location and size, was the Arizona Territory that existed officially from 1861 to 1863, when it was re-captured by the U.S., after which the Union created in 1863 their...
 which had been formed earlier that year in nearby Mesilla.






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Fort Fillmore was a fortification
Fortification

Fortifications are military constructions and buildings designed for defense in warfare and military bases. Humans have constructed defensive works for many thousands of years, in a variety of increasingly complex designs....
 established by Col. Edwin Vose Sumner
Edwin Vose Sumner

Edwin Vose Sumner was a career United States Army Commissioned officer who became a Union Army General officer and the oldest field commander of any Army Corps on either side during the American Civil War....
 in September of 1851 near Mesilla
Mesilla, New Mexico

Mesilla is a town in Do?a Ana County, New Mexico, New Mexico, United States. The population was 2,180 at the 2000 United States Census. It is part of the Las Cruces, New Mexico Metropolitan Statistical Area....
 in what is now New Mexico
New Mexico

New Mexico is a U. S. State located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. Inhabited by Native Americans in the United States populations for many centuries, it has also has been part of the Spanish Empire viceroyalty of New Spain, part of Mexico, and a U.S....
, primarily to protect settler
Settler

A settler is a person who has human migration to an area and established permanent residence there, often to colonies the area. Settlers are generally people who take up Sedentary and agriculture it, as opposed to nomads....
s and traders
Merchant

Merchants function as professionals who deal with trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves, in order to produce profit....
 travelling to California
California

California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
. Travellers in the Westward Migration
Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny is the historical belief that the United States was destined and divinely ordained by God in Christianityto expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean....
 were under constant threat from Indian attack
Indian Wars

Indian Wars is the name generally used in the United States to describe a series of conflicts between the colonial or federal government and the indigenous peoples of North America....
, and a network of forts was created by the US Government to protect and encourage westward expansion. Fort Fillmore was intended to protect a corridor plagued by Apache
Apache

Apache is the collective term for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the United States. These indigenous peoples of North America speak a Southern Athabaskan languages language, and are related linguistically to the languages of Athabaskan speakers of Alaska and western Canada....
 attacks where several migration routes
Historical roads and trails of the United States

Historical roads and trails of the United States is a list of roads and trails important to the settlement and development of the United States including those used by the native Americans in the United States....
 converged between El Paso
El Paso, Texas

El Paso is a city in and the county seat of El Paso County, Texas, Texas, United States, and part of the . According to the United States Census Bureau 2006 population estimates, the city had a population of 606,913....
 and Tucson
Tucson, Arizona

Tucson is a city in and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, Arizona, United States, located 118 miles southeast of Phoenix, Arizona and 60 miles north of the U.S.-Mexico border....
 to take advantage of Apache Pass
Apache Pass

Apache Pass is a historic passage in the U.S. state of Arizona between the Dos Cabezas Mountains and Chiricahua Mountains, approximately 32 km E-SE of Willcox, Arizona....
.

The fall of Fort Fillmore in 1861 to Confederate
Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America formed as the government set up from 1861 to 1865 by eleven Southern United States U.S. state of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S....
 soldiers under the command of Lt. Colonel John Baylor
John Baylor

John Robert Baylor was a politician in Texas and a military officer of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.Baylor was born in Paris, Kentucky, the son of a United States Army surgeon, and lived on various Army posts during his youth....
 solidified the Arizona Territory of the Confederate States of America
Arizona Territory

The Territory of Arizona was an organized territory of the United States that existed between 1863 and 1912. A forerunner, almost identical in name but largely differing in location and size, was the Arizona Territory that existed officially from 1861 to 1863, when it was re-captured by the U.S., after which the Union created in 1863 their...
 which had been formed earlier that year in nearby Mesilla. Fort Fillmore was abandoned by the Confederates soon after and no attempt appears to have been made by the Union
Union (American Civil War)

During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the Federal government of the United States of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three states which were not part of the secession attempt by the 11 states that formed the Confederate States of America....
 to reoccupy it.

The fort was officially closed by the Union in October of 1862, but sources mention Fort Fillmore as a way point along several major routes throughout the period of western expansion. The Upper and Lower Emigrant Trails converged in El Paso and, along with the Butterfield, Pacific and Overland Trails, passed through the corridor Fort Fillmore was erected to defend.

The remains of the fort were levelled at some later date after a failed attempt by the owner to sell or trade it to the State of New Mexico as a park. A grove of pecan
Pecan

The Pecan is a species of hickory, native to south-central North America, in the United States from southern Iowa, Illinois and Indiana east to western Kentucky, North Carolina and western Tennessee, south through Georgia , Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas ; and in Mexico from Coahuila south to Jalisco and Veracr...
 trees now stands on the approximate location of the fort.