Family 1
Encyclopedia
Family 1 is a group of Greek
Gospel
manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1
, now in the Basel University Library
. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f1. Hermann von Soden
calls the group Ih. Aland lists it as Category III in the Gospels and Category V elsewhere.
Family 1 was discovered in 1902, when Kirsopp Lake
(1872–1946) published Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies (118, 131, 209), and established the existence of a new textual family. This group of manuscripts was based on four minuscules (1
, 118
, 131
, 209
), but now we consider 205
, 205abs, 872
(in Mark only), 884 (in part), 1582, 2193, and 2542 (in part) to be members of the family.
The most obvious characteristic of the Lake Group is that these manuscripts placed Pericope adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) after John
21:25. Manuscripts of this family include the Longer ending of Mark
to the text, but the manuscripts 1 and 1582 contain a scholion that brings into question the authenticity of Mark 16:9-20: Εν τισι μεν των αντιγραφων εως ωδε πληρουται ο ευαγγελιστης εως ου και Ευσεβιος ο Παμφιλου εκανονισεν εν πολλοις δε και ταυτα φερεται. (In some of the copies the evangelist is completed to this point, to which point also Eusebius Pamphili
made his canons. But in many these [verses] are also found.)
In Mark 6:51 word εξίσταντο was changed into εξεπλήσσοντο against all other manuscripts.
B. H. Streeter
, working largely on the basis of data supplied by Lake, proposed that Family 1, along with the Codex Koridethi
(Θ), Family 13, the minuscules 28
, 565
, 700
, and the Armenian and Georgian versions, were the remnants of what he labelled the Caesarean Text
, differing in a number of common respects from the then established Byzantine
, Western
and Alexandrian text-type
s.
Silva Lake discovered that Minuscule 652
in Mark 4:20-6:24 represents text of the f1.
Amy Anderson made a new reconstruction of the family tree and showed that minuscule 1582 is a more exact representation than 1 of the text of the archetype.
Within the family, there are three manuscripts which may be more closely related. Each one of them is copied from the next older one:
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
Gospel
Gospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1
Minuscule 1
Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2, Minuscule 1 , δ 254 ; formerly it was designated by 1eap...
, now in the Basel University Library
Basel University Library
The University Library of Basle is one of the biggest libraries in Switzerland. It is located at the University of Basel, at 18 – 20 Schönbeinstrasse. It is also Kantonsbibliothek of Basel-City....
. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f1. Hermann von Soden
Hermann, Freiherr von Soden
Baron Hermann von Soden , German biblical scholar, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 1852, and was educated at the University of Tübingen. He was minister of Dresden-Striesen in 1881 and in 1887 became minister of the Jerusalem Church in Berlin...
calls the group Ih. Aland lists it as Category III in the Gospels and Category V elsewhere.
Family 1 was discovered in 1902, when Kirsopp Lake
Kirsopp Lake
Kirsopp Lake was a New Testament scholar and Winn Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Harvard Divinity School. He had an uncommon breadth of interests, publishing definitive monographs in New Testament textual criticism, Greek palaeography, theology, and archaeology...
(1872–1946) published Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies (118, 131, 209), and established the existence of a new textual family. This group of manuscripts was based on four minuscules (1
Minuscule 1
Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2, Minuscule 1 , δ 254 ; formerly it was designated by 1eap...
, 118
Minuscule 118
Minuscule 118 , ε 346 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 13th century...
, 131
Minuscule 131
Minuscule 131 , δ 467 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
, 209
Minuscule 209
Minuscule 209 , δ 457 and α 1581 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 14th century, with an exception to the Book of Revelation which was added to the codex in the 15th century...
), but now we consider 205
Minuscule 205
Minuscule 205 , δ 500 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment, from the 15th century. It has some marginalia.- Description :...
, 205abs, 872
Minuscule 872 (Gregory-Aland)
Minuscule 872 , ε 203 , is a 12th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment. The manuscript has no complex context. It has full marginalia.- Description :...
(in Mark only), 884 (in part), 1582, 2193, and 2542 (in part) to be members of the family.
The most obvious characteristic of the Lake Group is that these manuscripts placed Pericope adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) after John
Gospel of John
The Gospel According to John , commonly referred to as the Gospel of John or simply John, and often referred to in New Testament scholarship as the Fourth Gospel, is an account of the public ministry of Jesus...
21:25. Manuscripts of this family include the Longer ending of Mark
Mark 16
Mark 16 is the final chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It begins with the discovery of the empty tomb by Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome — there they encounter a man dressed in white who announces the Resurrection of Jesus.Verse 8 ends...
to the text, but the manuscripts 1 and 1582 contain a scholion that brings into question the authenticity of Mark 16:9-20: Εν τισι μεν των αντιγραφων εως ωδε πληρουται ο ευαγγελιστης εως ου και Ευσεβιος ο Παμφιλου εκανονισεν εν πολλοις δε και ταυτα φερεται. (In some of the copies the evangelist is completed to this point, to which point also Eusebius Pamphili
Eusebius of Caesarea
Eusebius of Caesarea also called Eusebius Pamphili, was a Roman historian, exegete and Christian polemicist. He became the Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine about the year 314. Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the Biblical canon...
made his canons. But in many these [verses] are also found.)
In Mark 6:51 word εξίσταντο was changed into εξεπλήσσοντο against all other manuscripts.
B. H. Streeter
Burnett Hillman Streeter
Burnett Hillman Streeter was a British biblical scholar and textual critic.-Life:He was educated at Queen's College, Oxford. Streeter was ordained in 1899 and was a member of the Archbishop’s Commission on Doctrine in the Church of England...
, working largely on the basis of data supplied by Lake, proposed that Family 1, along with the Codex Koridethi
Codex Koridethi
The Codex Koridethi, also named Codex Coridethianus, designated by Θ, 038, or Theta , ε 050 , is a 9th century manuscript of the four Gospels. It is written in Greek with uncial script in two columns per page, in 25 lines per page...
(Θ), Family 13, the minuscules 28
Minuscule 28
Minuscule 28 , ε 168 , formerly known as Colbertinus 4705, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on vellum. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia. It is lacunose.- Description :The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 292...
, 565
Minuscule 565
Minuscule 565 , ε 93 , also known as the Empress Theodora's Codex. It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on purple parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century...
, 700
Minuscule 700
Minuscule 700 , ε 133 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the Gospels. Formerly it was labelled as 604 in all catalogues , Gregory gave it the number 700....
, and the Armenian and Georgian versions, were the remnants of what he labelled the Caesarean Text
Caesarean text-type
Caesarean text-type is the term proposed by certain scholars to denote a consistent pattern of variant readings that is claimed to be apparent in certain Greek manuscripts of the four Gospels, but which is not found in any of the other commonly recognized New Testament text-types; the Byzantine...
, differing in a number of common respects from the then established Byzantine
Byzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
, Western
Western text-type
The Western text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts...
and Alexandrian text-type
Alexandrian text-type
The Alexandrian text-type , associated with Alexandria, is one of several text-types used in New Testament textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of biblical manuscripts...
s.
Silva Lake discovered that Minuscule 652
Minuscule 652
Minuscule 652 , ε 1095 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century. The manuscript has complex contents. Scrivener labelled it by 875.- Description :The codex contains the text of the four Gospels, on 305 parchment...
in Mark 4:20-6:24 represents text of the f1.
Amy Anderson made a new reconstruction of the family tree and showed that minuscule 1582 is a more exact representation than 1 of the text of the archetype.
Within the family, there are three manuscripts which may be more closely related. Each one of them is copied from the next older one:
- 209
- ↓
- 205
- ↓
- 205abs