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English Canal
 
 
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The English Canal was a planned and partially completed canal
Canal

Canals are artificial channels for water. There are two types of canals: Aqueduct canals, which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water, and waterways, which are navigable transportation canals used for passage of goods and people, often connected to existing lakes, rivers, or oceans....
 project that would connect the Swedish
Sweden

Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the ?resund Bridge in the south....
 iron ore
Iron ore

Iron ores are Rock and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in colour from dark grey, bright yellow, deep purple, to rusty red....
 fields around Kiruna
Kiruna

Kiruna is the northernmost Stad in Sweden, situated in Lapland, Sweden province, with 18,154 inhabitants in 2005. It is the seat of Kiruna Municipality in Norrbotten County....
 and Gällivare
Gällivare

G?llivare is a town in Lapland, Sweden and the seat of G?llivare Municipality, Norrbotten County. Together with nearby towns Malmberget and Koskullskulle it forms a conurbation with nearly 16,000 inhabitants....
 with Luleå
Luleå

Lule? , is a Cities in Sweden with a population of 57 144 in the urban area, and 73 416 including connecting suburbs. The city is located at the coast of Norrbotten in northern Sweden....
 and the Gulf of Bothnia
Gulf of Bothnia

The Gulf of Bothnia is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It is situated between Finland's west coast and Sweden's east coast. In the south of the gulf lie the ?land, between the Sea of ?land and the Archipelago Sea....
.

The ore fields were discovered as early as in the 1650s, but due to their remote location in the sparsely populated areas in northern Sweden, far from both the Atlantic
Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions; with a total area of about 106.4 million square kilometres . It covers approximately one-fifth of the Earth's surface....
 coast and the coast of the Bothnian Gulf, it was very hard to transport the ore to any port from where it could be shipped to its ultimate destination.






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The English Canal was a planned and partially completed canal
Canal

Canals are artificial channels for water. There are two types of canals: Aqueduct canals, which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water, and waterways, which are navigable transportation canals used for passage of goods and people, often connected to existing lakes, rivers, or oceans....
 project that would connect the Swedish
Sweden

Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the ?resund Bridge in the south....
 iron ore
Iron ore

Iron ores are Rock and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in colour from dark grey, bright yellow, deep purple, to rusty red....
 fields around Kiruna
Kiruna

Kiruna is the northernmost Stad in Sweden, situated in Lapland, Sweden province, with 18,154 inhabitants in 2005. It is the seat of Kiruna Municipality in Norrbotten County....
 and Gällivare
Gällivare

G?llivare is a town in Lapland, Sweden and the seat of G?llivare Municipality, Norrbotten County. Together with nearby towns Malmberget and Koskullskulle it forms a conurbation with nearly 16,000 inhabitants....
 with Luleå
Luleå

Lule? , is a Cities in Sweden with a population of 57 144 in the urban area, and 73 416 including connecting suburbs. The city is located at the coast of Norrbotten in northern Sweden....
 and the Gulf of Bothnia
Gulf of Bothnia

The Gulf of Bothnia is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It is situated between Finland's west coast and Sweden's east coast. In the south of the gulf lie the ?land, between the Sea of ?land and the Archipelago Sea....
.

The ore fields were discovered as early as in the 1650s, but due to their remote location in the sparsely populated areas in northern Sweden, far from both the Atlantic
Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions; with a total area of about 106.4 million square kilometres . It covers approximately one-fifth of the Earth's surface....
 coast and the coast of the Bothnian Gulf, it was very hard to transport the ore to any port from where it could be shipped to its ultimate destination. All attempts during the centuries to efficiently transport the ore failed. But with the introduction of the railway, new possibilities arose.

Some earlier plans included horse-drawn trains and regular roads, but in the end it was decided to combine the new railway technology with the ancient boat transport. A railway line was planned for the stretch from the iron ore fields to the place where Stora Lule River and Lilla Lule River joined at Storbacken. The remaining length of the transport could be made possible by canalising the rest of Lule River
Lule River

Lule River is a major river in Sweden, rising in northern Sweden and flowing southeast for 460 km before reaching the Gulf of Bothnia at Lule?....
 from Storbacken down to Luleå. This would bypass the rapids of Edefors and Hedenforsarna which would allow the ore to be transported by boat all the way to the Gulf of Bothnia.

The decision to construct the canal was taken 1863, and the Gellivare Company Limited based in London
London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
 was contracted for the project. They were backed by English
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 financier
Financier

Financier is a term for a person who handles large sums of money, usually involving loan, financing projects, large-scale investment, or large-scale money management....
s and also received investments from the Swedish state. The excavation was started 14 October 1864 and by 1865 no less than 1,486 men were working on the project. But the English company soon experienced an economic crisis, which led to the stagnation of the construction in 1866 and 1867, until the company went bankrupt on New Year's Eve
New Year's Eve

New Year's Eve is on , the final day of the Gregorian calendar year, and the day before New Year's Day.New Year's Eve is a separate observance from the observance of New Year's Day....
 1867 which marked the end of the project.

Remains of the canal project can still be seen on several places in Norrbotten
Norrbotten

Norrbotten is a Provinces of Sweden in northernmost Sweden. It borders south to V?sterbotten, west to Swedish Lappland, and east to Finland....
 and Lappland, for example in Boden
Boden Municipality

Boden Municipality is a municipalities of Sweden in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. Its seat is located in Boden, Sweden.In 1919 the evolving garrison town of Boden was detached from ?verlule? and instituted as a stad municipality of its own....
. These remains are sometimes called Engelska graven, which is a play on the Swedish word grav which can mean both "ditch
Ditch

A ditch is usually defined as a small to moderate depression created to channel water.In Old English language, the word dic already existed and was pronounced with a hard c in northern England and as ditch in the south....
"/"trench
Trench

A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground. Trenches are generally defined by being deeper than they are wide , and by being narrow compared to their length ....
" and "grave
Grave (burial)

A grave is a place where a dead body is burial. The grave is usually in a graveyard or cemetery.Graves may contain objects that provide clues for archaeology about the life and culture of the time....
/"tomb
Tomb

For the New York prison see The Tombs.A tomb is a repository for the remains of the death. The term generally refers to any structurally enclosed interment space or burial chamber, of varying sizes....
".

See also


  • LKAB
    LKAB

    LKAB is a Sweden mining company. The company is mining iron ore in mines at Kiruna and at Malmberget in northern Sweden. The company was established in 1890, and it is 100% state-owned since the 1950:s....
  • Iron Ore Line
  • English Channel
    English Channel

    The English Channel is an Arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest, to only in the Strait of Dover....