Energy in Singapore
Encyclopedia
Energy in Singapore describes energy related issues in Singapore
. Singapore is in East Asia. Energy import is about three times the primary energy. Oil import in relation to population is high. Owner of the biggest palm oil company Wilmar International
is in Singapore. Finland
has the world biggest palm oil based diesel plant in Singapore 800,000 tonnes annually since end of 2010.
According to IEA Singapore had no energy production in 2008. Energy import increased 18.6% in 2008 compared to 2004. The primary energy declined about one third 2007-8 but the same years the energy import increased. Energy import was about three times the total primary energy supply in 2008. Pro person the electricity use was 135% and carbon dioxide emissions 110 % compared to the UK in 2008 (UK: 61.35 m people 372.19 TWh electricity, 510.63Mt CO2 emissions).
based diesel plant in the world, 800,000 t/a production, started in Singapore in the end of 2010 by Neste Oil
from Finland
. Plant needs annually almost a million tonnes oil palm
Elaeis guineensis raw material equivalent to 2,600–3,400 km2 oil palm plantation
. Greenpeace
demonstrated in November 2010 in Espoo
Finland by hanging an orangutan
puppet in front of Neste Oil since they accused that Neste Oil endangers rainforest
ecosystem. According to UNEP majority of new palm oil plantases take place in the rainforest
. According to European Union
studies the increased demand of palm oil inevitably direct to new plantases in the forrests and peat
land areas. Land use changes have large green house gas emissions making palm oil diesel much more harmful than petroleum in respect to global warming
. According to Greenpeace
Neste Oil plant in Singapore brought Finnish Neste Oil among leading palm oil consumers and in the forward troops of rain forrest destruction.
Reducing emissions from deforestation
and forest degradation (REDD) would be a way to mitigate climate change. According to UNEP the international REDD mechanism
will be a key element of the post-2012 international climate change regime.
is listed in Singapore. Kuok Khoon Hong was the third richest in Singapore in 2009 net worth $3.5 billion. He heads the world's largest palm oil firm, Wilmar International
. According to FinnWatch] Kuak family owned in 2007 by Malesian companies a biofuel plant in Indonesia (225 000 t/a). The Wilmar director Martua Sitorus ($3 billion net worth in 2009 2nd in Indonesia) lived in Indonesia in 2009. Wilmar International In July 2007
Friends of the Earth
Netherlands and two Indonesian NGOs accused Wilmar of illegal forest clearances in West Kalimantan
, inadequate Environmental Impact Assessment
s and clearing land outside its concessions. Wilmar denies the allegation. The report calls on Unilever
, a major purchaser from Wilmar, to review its purchasing relationship with the company.
was the 9th top carbon dioxide
emitter per capita in the world in 2009: 34.59 tonnes per capita. All emissions from building and cement production are local but some people may argue that some Singapore produced fuels and/or goods are consumed abroad.
Singapore
Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
. Singapore is in East Asia. Energy import is about three times the primary energy. Oil import in relation to population is high. Owner of the biggest palm oil company Wilmar International
Wilmar International
Wilmar International Limited founded in 1991, is Asia’s leading agribusiness group. It ranks amongst the largest listed companies by market capitalisation on the Singapore Exchange...
is in Singapore. Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
has the world biggest palm oil based diesel plant in Singapore 800,000 tonnes annually since end of 2010.
Overview
| Energy in Singapore | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Import | Electricity | CO2-emission | |
| Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt | |
| 2004 | 4.24 | 298 | 0 | 548 | 34.6 | 38.1 |
| 2007 | 4.59 | 311 | 0 | 628 | 39.1 | 45.0 |
| 2008 | 4.84 | 215 | 0 | 650 | 39.6 | 44.3 |
| Change 2004–2008 | 14.2 % | -27.6 % | 18.6 % | 14.3 % | 16.5 % | |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses | ||||||
According to IEA Singapore had no energy production in 2008. Energy import increased 18.6% in 2008 compared to 2004. The primary energy declined about one third 2007-8 but the same years the energy import increased. Energy import was about three times the total primary energy supply in 2008. Pro person the electricity use was 135% and carbon dioxide emissions 110 % compared to the UK in 2008 (UK: 61.35 m people 372.19 TWh electricity, 510.63Mt CO2 emissions).
Oil
Singapore was top 10 in oil import in 2008: 50 Mt while the import was in Spain 77 Mt (top 8, 45.59 million person) and Italy 73 Mt (top 9, 59.89 million person).Palm oil
The biggest palm oilPalm oil
Palm oil, coconut oil and palm kernel oil are edible plant oils derived from the fruits of palm trees. Palm oil is extracted from the pulp of the fruit of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis; palm kernel oil is derived from the kernel of the oil palm and coconut oil is derived from the kernel of the...
based diesel plant in the world, 800,000 t/a production, started in Singapore in the end of 2010 by Neste Oil
Neste Oil
Neste Oil is a Finnish oil refining and marketing company producing mainly transportation fuels and other refined petroleum products. Neste Oil shares are quoted on the Helsinki Stock Exchange.- History :...
from Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
. Plant needs annually almost a million tonnes oil palm
Oil palm
The oil palms comprise two species of the Arecaceae, or palm family. They are used in commercial agriculture in the production of palm oil. The African Oil Palm Elaeis guineensis is native to West Africa, occurring between Angola and Gambia, while the American Oil Palm Elaeis oleifera is native to...
Elaeis guineensis raw material equivalent to 2,600–3,400 km2 oil palm plantation
Plantation
A plantation is a long artificially established forest, farm or estate, where crops are grown for sale, often in distant markets rather than for local on-site consumption...
. Greenpeace
Greenpeace
Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization with offices in over forty countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam, The Netherlands...
demonstrated in November 2010 in Espoo
Espoo
Espoo is the second largest city and municipality in Finland. The population of the city of Espoo is . It is part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area along with the cities of Helsinki, Vantaa, and Kauniainen. Espoo shares its eastern border with Helsinki and Vantaa, while enclosing Kauniainen....
Finland by hanging an orangutan
Orangutan
Orangutans are the only exclusively Asian genus of extant great ape. The largest living arboreal animals, they have proportionally longer arms than the other, more terrestrial, great apes. They are among the most intelligent primates and use a variety of sophisticated tools, also making sleeping...
puppet in front of Neste Oil since they accused that Neste Oil endangers rainforest
Rainforest
Rainforests are forests characterized by high rainfall, with definitions based on a minimum normal annual rainfall of 1750-2000 mm...
ecosystem. According to UNEP majority of new palm oil plantases take place in the rainforest
Rainforest
Rainforests are forests characterized by high rainfall, with definitions based on a minimum normal annual rainfall of 1750-2000 mm...
. According to European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
studies the increased demand of palm oil inevitably direct to new plantases in the forrests and peat
Peat
Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter or histosol. Peat forms in wetland bogs, moors, muskegs, pocosins, mires, and peat swamp forests. Peat is harvested as an important source of fuel in certain parts of the world...
land areas. Land use changes have large green house gas emissions making palm oil diesel much more harmful than petroleum in respect to global warming
Global warming
Global warming refers to the rising average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans and its projected continuation. In the last 100 years, Earth's average surface temperature increased by about with about two thirds of the increase occurring over just the last three decades...
. According to Greenpeace
Greenpeace
Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization with offices in over forty countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam, The Netherlands...
Neste Oil plant in Singapore brought Finnish Neste Oil among leading palm oil consumers and in the forward troops of rain forrest destruction.
Reducing emissions from deforestation
Deforestation
Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use....
and forest degradation (REDD) would be a way to mitigate climate change. According to UNEP the international REDD mechanism
Redd
Redd is a Turkish rock band established in 1996 by tenor opera singer Doğan Duru and guitarist Berke Hatipoğlu under the name Ten. They used to play at bars until they set up their own studio in 2004. Their first album, entitled "50/50", produced by Levent Büyük was published a year later by...
will be a key element of the post-2012 international climate change regime.
Wilmar International
Wilmar InternationalWilmar International
Wilmar International Limited founded in 1991, is Asia’s leading agribusiness group. It ranks amongst the largest listed companies by market capitalisation on the Singapore Exchange...
is listed in Singapore. Kuok Khoon Hong was the third richest in Singapore in 2009 net worth $3.5 billion. He heads the world's largest palm oil firm, Wilmar International
Wilmar International
Wilmar International Limited founded in 1991, is Asia’s leading agribusiness group. It ranks amongst the largest listed companies by market capitalisation on the Singapore Exchange...
. According to FinnWatch] Kuak family owned in 2007 by Malesian companies a biofuel plant in Indonesia (225 000 t/a). The Wilmar director Martua Sitorus ($3 billion net worth in 2009 2nd in Indonesia) lived in Indonesia in 2009. Wilmar International In July 2007
Friends of the Earth
Friends of the Earth
Friends of the Earth International is an international network of environmental organizations in 76 countries.FOEI is assisted by a small secretariat which provides support for the network and its agreed major campaigns...
Netherlands and two Indonesian NGOs accused Wilmar of illegal forest clearances in West Kalimantan
West Kalimantan
West Kalimantan is a province of Indonesia. It is one of four Indonesian provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. Its capital city Pontianak is located right on the Equator....
, inadequate Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental impact assessment
An environmental impact assessment is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects....
s and clearing land outside its concessions. Wilmar denies the allegation. The report calls on Unilever
Unilever
Unilever is a British-Dutch multinational corporation that owns many of the world's consumer product brands in foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products....
, a major purchaser from Wilmar, to review its purchasing relationship with the company.
Global warming
SingaporeSingapore
Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
was the 9th top carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom...
emitter per capita in the world in 2009: 34.59 tonnes per capita. All emissions from building and cement production are local but some people may argue that some Singapore produced fuels and/or goods are consumed abroad.