Dmitri Ilyich Ulyanov
Encyclopedia
Dmitri Ilyich Ulyanov ( — July 16, 1943) was a Russian
physician and revolutionary, the younger brother of Aleksandr Ulyanov
and Vladimir Lenin
.
As a medical student at Lomonosov Moscow State University, he became involved with revolutionary activity and joined the illegal Marxist
Rabochevo soyuza. He was first arrested in 1897. The following year he was put under surveillance by the police of Podolsk
. As his brother's renown grew, he would endure countless arrests. In 1900 he became a correspondent of Iskra
. The following year he graduated from the medical school of the University of Tartu
.
As a doctor and a Marxist, Ulyanov sought to apply his medical training to the revolutionary struggle. During the Revolution of 1905 he provided medical aid to strikers in Simbirsk. He became a trusted cadre of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party and was a delegate to its 2nd Congress. He served as the representative of the Central Committee in Kiev
. His duties carried him throughout Russia and the Ukraine, first to Serpukhov
, then to Feodosiya and the Crimea
.
At the beginning of the First World War, Ulyanov was mobilized into the army. He served as a medical officer in Sevastopol
, in Odessa
, and on the Romania
n front, continuing his revolutionary activities on the side. In 1916 he married Antonia Ivanovna Nescheretova .
Ulyanov remained in Ukraine during the aftermath of the October Revolution
and the Civil War
, working to strengthen the party apparatus in the Crimea and was chairman of the short-lived Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic
. In 1921 he moved to Moscow
, where he worked at Narkomzdrav (People's Commissariat of Public Health), at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East
, in the health research department of the Kremlin, and at the V. I. Lenin Central Museum.
During the 1930s, he collaborated with his sister Maria to write reminiscences about their famous brother, which were published in serial form. He was a delegate to the 16th
and 17th Congresses of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
. He died in Gorky but was buried in Moscow. Many streets and localities in the former Soviet Union were renamed in his honor.
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
physician and revolutionary, the younger brother of Aleksandr Ulyanov
Aleksandr Ulyanov
Aleksandr Ilyich Ulyanov was a Russian revolutionary and a terrorist, convicted of attempted assassination of Alexander III. He was an older brother of Vladimir Lenin.- Life :...
and Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years , as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a...
.
As a medical student at Lomonosov Moscow State University, he became involved with revolutionary activity and joined the illegal Marxist
Marxism
Marxism is an economic and sociopolitical worldview and method of socioeconomic inquiry that centers upon a materialist interpretation of history, a dialectical view of social change, and an analysis and critique of the development of capitalism. Marxism was pioneered in the early to mid 19th...
Rabochevo soyuza. He was first arrested in 1897. The following year he was put under surveillance by the police of Podolsk
Podolsk
Podolsk is an industrial city and the administrative center of Podolsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Pakhra River...
. As his brother's renown grew, he would endure countless arrests. In 1900 he became a correspondent of Iskra
Iskra
Iskra was a political newspaper of Russian socialist emigrants established as the official organ of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Initially, it was managed by Vladimir Lenin, moving as he moved. The first edition was published in Stuttgart on December 1, 1900. Other editions were...
. The following year he graduated from the medical school of the University of Tartu
University of Tartu
The University of Tartu is a classical university in the city of Tartu, Estonia. University of Tartu is the national university of Estonia; it is the biggest and highest-ranked university in Estonia...
.
As a doctor and a Marxist, Ulyanov sought to apply his medical training to the revolutionary struggle. During the Revolution of 1905 he provided medical aid to strikers in Simbirsk. He became a trusted cadre of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party and was a delegate to its 2nd Congress. He served as the representative of the Central Committee in Kiev
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
. His duties carried him throughout Russia and the Ukraine, first to Serpukhov
Serpukhov
Serpukhov is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, which is situated at the confluence of the Oka and the Nara Rivers. It is located south from Moscow on the Moscow—Simferopol highway. The Moscow—Tula railway passes through the town. Population: -History:...
, then to Feodosiya and the Crimea
Crimea
Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...
.
At the beginning of the First World War, Ulyanov was mobilized into the army. He served as a medical officer in Sevastopol
Sevastopol
Sevastopol is a city on rights of administrative division of Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of the Crimea peninsula. It has a population of 342,451 . Sevastopol is the second largest port in Ukraine, after the Port of Odessa....
, in Odessa
Odessa
Odessa or Odesa is the administrative center of the Odessa Oblast located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major seaport located on the northwest shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000 .The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement,...
, and on the Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
n front, continuing his revolutionary activities on the side. In 1916 he married Antonia Ivanovna Nescheretova .
Ulyanov remained in Ukraine during the aftermath of the October Revolution
October Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...
and the Civil War
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a...
, working to strengthen the party apparatus in the Crimea and was chairman of the short-lived Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic
Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic
The Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic or the Soviet Socialist Republic of the Crimea was a state allied with Soviet Russia that existed in Crimea for several months in 1919 during the Russian Civil War...
. In 1921 he moved to Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, where he worked at Narkomzdrav (People's Commissariat of Public Health), at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East
Communist University of the Toilers of the East
The Communist University of the Toilers of the East or KUTV was established April 21, 1921, in Moscow by the Communist International as a training college for communist cadres in the colonial world. The school officially opened on October 21, 1921...
, in the health research department of the Kremlin, and at the V. I. Lenin Central Museum.
During the 1930s, he collaborated with his sister Maria to write reminiscences about their famous brother, which were published in serial form. He was a delegate to the 16th
16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (b)
The 16th Congress of the Russian Communist Party was held during 26 June - 13 July 1930 in Moscow. The congress of the Russian Communist Party was attended by 1,268 voting delegates and 891 delegates with observer status....
and 17th Congresses of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the only legal, ruling political party in the Soviet Union and one of the largest communist organizations in the world...
. He died in Gorky but was buried in Moscow. Many streets and localities in the former Soviet Union were renamed in his honor.
Selected reading
- V. I. Lenin, Letters from Afar, 1893-1922, complete collected works, 5th edition, vol. 55.
- Correspondence of the Ulyanov family, 1883-1917, 1969.
- B. M. Wolfson, D. I. Ulyanov, Questions in the History of the CPSU, 1964.
- R. Khigerov, "The Younger Brother", chapter of the book The Party Steps into the Revolution, 1969.
- Boris Yarochkiy, Dmitri Ulyanov, Young Guards, 1977.