Crawford Hill
Encyclopedia
Crawford Hill is located in Holmdel Township
, New Jersey
, United States. It is Monmouth County
's highest point, standing at least 380 feet (116 m) above sea level
. The top portion of the hill is owned by Alcatel-Lucent
and houses a research laboratory of Bell Laboratories.
Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
of Bell Labs
used the Holmdel Horn Antenna located on Crawford Hill to take measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation
. They were awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics
for these efforts that supported the Big Bang
theory. For more information, see Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation
.
More recently the laboratory has undertaken research in the fields of wireless
and fiber-optic communication
and award winning Bell Laboratories researchers in these fields, working at Crawford Hill include Herwig Kogelnik
and Gerard Foschini
.
Herwig Kogelnik won the 2001 Marconi International Fellowship Award and IEEE Medal of Honor for his work in the development of fiber optic technology and the 2006 National Medal of Technology.
Gerard J. Foschini
was the 2002 recipient of the Thomas Alva Edison Patent Award for his pioneering inventions having to do with the capacity of communications systems with multiple antennas.
.
It is a helper district with twin train horseshoe curves . Helpers are based in the nearby town of Crawford
.
Holmdel Township, New Jersey
Holmdel Township is a township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township population was 16,773. Holmdel Township was formed by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 23, 1857, from portions of Raritan Township .Holmdel is a suburb of...
, New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. , its population was 8,791,894. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware...
, United States. It is Monmouth County
Monmouth County, New Jersey
Monmouth County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey, within the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 630,380, up from 615,301 at the 2000 census. Its county seat is Freehold Borough. The most populous municipality is Middletown Township with...
's highest point, standing at least 380 feet (116 m) above sea level
Sea level
Mean sea level is a measure of the average height of the ocean's surface ; used as a standard in reckoning land elevation...
. The top portion of the hill is owned by Alcatel-Lucent
Alcatel-Lucent
Alcatel-Lucent is a global telecommunications corporation, headquartered in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France. It provides telecommunications solutions to service providers, enterprises, and governments around the world, enabling these customers to deliver voice, data, and video services...
and houses a research laboratory of Bell Laboratories.
Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
Robert Woodrow Wilson
For the American President, see Woodrow Wilson.Robert Woodrow Wilson is an American astronomer, 1978 Nobel laureate in physics, who with Arno Allan Penzias discovered in 1964 the cosmic microwave background radiation...
of Bell Labs
Bell Labs
Bell Laboratories is the research and development subsidiary of the French-owned Alcatel-Lucent and previously of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company , half-owned through its Western Electric manufacturing subsidiary.Bell Laboratories operates its...
used the Holmdel Horn Antenna located on Crawford Hill to take measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation
Cosmic microwave background radiation
In cosmology, cosmic microwave background radiation is thermal radiation filling the observable universe almost uniformly....
. They were awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics
Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and...
for these efforts that supported the Big Bang
Big Bang
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model that explains the early development of the Universe. According to the Big Bang theory, the Universe was once in an extremely hot and dense state which expanded rapidly. This rapid expansion caused the young Universe to cool and resulted in...
theory. For more information, see Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation
Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation
This article concerns the accidental discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation. Although predicted by earlier theories, it was first found accidentally by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson as they experimented with the Holmdel Horn Antenna....
.
More recently the laboratory has undertaken research in the fields of wireless
Cellular network
A cellular network is a radio network distributed over land areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver known as a cell site or base station. When joined together these cells provide radio coverage over a wide geographic area...
and fiber-optic communication
Fiber-optic communication
Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information...
and award winning Bell Laboratories researchers in these fields, working at Crawford Hill include Herwig Kogelnik
Herwig Kogelnik
Herwig Kogelnik is an electrical engineer working in optical communications.He was born in Graz, Austria and received his engineering degree from the Technische Hochschule Wien in Vienna, Austria in 1955, and a Doctorate in 1958, also from the Technische Hochschule. In 1960, he received his Ph.D....
and Gerard Foschini
Gerard J. Foschini
Gerard Joseph Foschini , is an American telecommunications engineer who has worked for Bell Laboratories since 1961. His research has covered many kinds of data communications, particularly wireless communications and optical communications. Foschini has also worked on point-to-point systems and...
.
Herwig Kogelnik won the 2001 Marconi International Fellowship Award and IEEE Medal of Honor for his work in the development of fiber optic technology and the 2006 National Medal of Technology.
Gerard J. Foschini
Gerard J. Foschini
Gerard Joseph Foschini , is an American telecommunications engineer who has worked for Bell Laboratories since 1961. His research has covered many kinds of data communications, particularly wireless communications and optical communications. Foschini has also worked on point-to-point systems and...
was the 2002 recipient of the Thomas Alva Edison Patent Award for his pioneering inventions having to do with the capacity of communications systems with multiple antennas.
Other Crawford Hills
There is another Crawford Hill in Crawford, NebraskaCrawford, Nebraska
Crawford is a city in Dawes County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 997 at the 2010 census. It was incorporated in 1886 and was named for the late Captain Emmet Crawford who had previously been stationed at nearby Fort Robinson.-Geography:...
.
It is a helper district with twin train horseshoe curves . Helpers are based in the nearby town of Crawford
Crawford, Nebraska
Crawford is a city in Dawes County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 997 at the 2010 census. It was incorporated in 1886 and was named for the late Captain Emmet Crawford who had previously been stationed at nearby Fort Robinson.-Geography:...
.