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Cosmography
 
 
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Cosmography is the science that map
Map

A map is a visual representation of an area?a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships between elements of that space such as Object , regions, and topic-comment....
s the general features of the universe
Universe

The universe is defined as everything that physically exists: the entirety of space and time, all forms of matter, energy and momentum, and the physical laws and physical constants that govern them....
; describes both heaven
Heaven

Heaven may refer to the physical heavens, the atmosphere or the seemingly endless expanse of the universe beyond. This is the traditional literal meaning of the term in English, however since at least AD 1000, it is typically also used to refer to an afterlife plane of existence in various religions and spirituality philosophy, often descri...
 and Earth
Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Earth is the largest of the terrestrial planets in the Solar System in diameter, mass and density. It is also referred to as the World and Wiktionary:Terra.Note that by International Astronomical Union convention, the term "Terra" is used for naming extensive land masses, rather...
 (but without encroaching on geography
Geography

Geography is the study of the Earth and its lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena. A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth"....
 or astronomy
Astronomy

Astronomy is the science of Astronomical object and Phenomenon that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere . It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the physical cosmology....
).

The 14th century book 'Aja'ib al-makhluqat wa-ghara'ib al-mawjudat
'Aja'ib al-makhluqat wa-ghara'ib al-mawjudat

Aja'ib al-makhluqat wa-ghara'ib al-mawjudat ????? ????????? ? ????? ????????? is an important work of cosmography by Zakariya al-Qazwini who was born in Qazwin year 600 /1203....
 by Persian
Persian people

Persian identity, at least in terms of language, is traced to the ancient Indo-Iranians , who arrived in parts of Greater Iran circa 2000-1500 BCE....
 physician Zakariya al-Qazwini
Zakariya al-Qazwini

Abu Yahya Zakariya' ibn Muhammad al-Qazwini , was a Persian people Medicine in medieval Islam, Astronomy in medieval Islam, Geography in medieval Islam and proto-science fiction Persian literature....
 is considered to be an early work of cosmography.

In 1551.Martin Cortes
Martín Cortés

Mart?n Cort?s may refer to:* Mart?n Cort?s * Mart?n Cort?s * Mart?n Cort?s, 2nd Marqu?s del Valle de Oaxaca ...
, from Zaragoza, Spain, published Breve compendio de la esfera y del arte de navegar, translated into English and reprinted several times and of great influence in Britain for many years.






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Sedentary Occupations of the Peasants Fac Simile From An Engraving On Wood Attributed To Holbein in the Cosmographie of Munster Basle 1552 Folio
Cosmography is the science that map
Map

A map is a visual representation of an area?a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships between elements of that space such as Object , regions, and topic-comment....
s the general features of the universe
Universe

The universe is defined as everything that physically exists: the entirety of space and time, all forms of matter, energy and momentum, and the physical laws and physical constants that govern them....
; describes both heaven
Heaven

Heaven may refer to the physical heavens, the atmosphere or the seemingly endless expanse of the universe beyond. This is the traditional literal meaning of the term in English, however since at least AD 1000, it is typically also used to refer to an afterlife plane of existence in various religions and spirituality philosophy, often descri...
 and Earth
Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Earth is the largest of the terrestrial planets in the Solar System in diameter, mass and density. It is also referred to as the World and Wiktionary:Terra.Note that by International Astronomical Union convention, the term "Terra" is used for naming extensive land masses, rather...
 (but without encroaching on geography
Geography

Geography is the study of the Earth and its lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena. A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth"....
 or astronomy
Astronomy

Astronomy is the science of Astronomical object and Phenomenon that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere . It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the physical cosmology....
).

The 14th century book 'Aja'ib al-makhluqat wa-ghara'ib al-mawjudat
'Aja'ib al-makhluqat wa-ghara'ib al-mawjudat

Aja'ib al-makhluqat wa-ghara'ib al-mawjudat ????? ????????? ? ????? ????????? is an important work of cosmography by Zakariya al-Qazwini who was born in Qazwin year 600 /1203....
 by Persian
Persian people

Persian identity, at least in terms of language, is traced to the ancient Indo-Iranians , who arrived in parts of Greater Iran circa 2000-1500 BCE....
 physician Zakariya al-Qazwini
Zakariya al-Qazwini

Abu Yahya Zakariya' ibn Muhammad al-Qazwini , was a Persian people Medicine in medieval Islam, Astronomy in medieval Islam, Geography in medieval Islam and proto-science fiction Persian literature....
 is considered to be an early work of cosmography.

In 1551.Martin Cortes
Martín Cortés

Mart?n Cort?s may refer to:* Mart?n Cort?s * Mart?n Cort?s * Mart?n Cort?s, 2nd Marqu?s del Valle de Oaxaca ...
, from Zaragoza, Spain, published Breve compendio de la esfera y del arte de navegar, translated into English and reprinted several times and of great influence in Britain for many years. He proposed the spherical charts and mentioned the magnetic deviation an existence of magnetic poles.

Peter Heylyn's 1652 book "Cosmographie" (enlarged from his "Microcosmos" of 1621) was one of the earliest attempts to describe the complete world in English being the first known description of Australia
Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
 and among the first of California
California

California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
. The book comprises 4 sections, examining the geography, politics, and cultures of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, with an addendum on Terra Incognita
Terra incognita

Terra incognita is the Latin term for "unknown land", used in cartography for regions that have not been mapped or documented. The equivalent on French language maps would be terres inconnues , and some English language maps may show Parts Unknown....
, including Australia, and extending to Utopia
Utopia

Utopia is a name for an ideal community or society, taken from the Utopia written in 1516 by Sir Thomas More describing a fictional island in the Atlantic Ocean, possessing a seemingly perfect social system-politics-legal system....
, Fairyland
Fairyland

Fairyland commonly refers to the land of fairy, in folklore.Fairyland may also refer to:* ?lfheimr, the abode of the elves in Norse mythology...
, and the "Land of Chivalrie
Chivalry

Chivalry is a term relating to the medieval institution of knighthood. It is usually associated with ideals of knightly virtues, honor and courtly love....
".

In 1659, Thomas Porter published a smaller but extensive "Compendious Description of the Whole World" which also included a Chronology
Chronology

Chronology is a chronicle or arrangement of events in their occurrence order. General chronology is the science of locating and resolution of temporal sequence of past events in time...
 of world events from Creation
Creation according to Genesis

Creation according to Genesis is the creation myth found in the Hebrew Bible, . It describes the making of the Firmament and the Earth and of the first humans by God in Abrahamic religions ....
 forward. These were all part of a major trend in the European Renaissance to explore (and perhaps comprehend) the known world.

The word was commonly used by Buckminster Fuller
Buckminster Fuller

Richard Buckminster ?Bucky? Fuller was an American architect, author, designer, futurist, inventor, and visionary. He was the second president of Mensa International....
 in his lectures.

See also


  • Star cartography
    Star cartography

    Star cartography, celestial cartography, or uranography is the fringe of astronomy and branch of cartography concerned with mapping the stars, galaxies, and a multitude of other celestial bodies....
  • Cosmographia
    Cosmographia

    Cosmographia may refer to:...
  • Johann Bayer
    Johann Bayer

    Johann Bayer was a Germany lawyer and Star cartographyer . He was born in Rain, Bavaria in 1572. He began his study of philosophy in Ingolstadt in 1592, and moved later to Augsburg to begin work as a lawyer....
  • Julius Schiller
    Julius Schiller

    Julius Schiller was a lawyer from Augsburg, Germany, who like his fellow citizen and colleague Johann Bayer published a star atlas in celestial cartography....
  • Andreas Cellarius
    Andreas Cellarius

    Andreas Cellarius was a Netherlands-Germany cartographer, best known for his Harmonia Macrocosmica of 1660, a major star atlas, published by Johannes Janssonius in Amsterdam....