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Celadon
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Celadon is a term for ceramics denoting both a type glaze, and a ware of a specific color, also called celadon. This type of ware was invented in ancient China, particularly in Zhejiang Province.
term "celadon" for the pottery's pale jade-green glaze coined by European connoisseurs of the wares. One theory is that the name first appeared in France in the 17th century and is named after the shepherd Celadon in Honoré d'Urfé's French pastoral romance, L'Astrée (1627), who wore pale green ribbons.
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Encyclopedia
Celadon is a term for ceramics denoting both a type glaze, and a ware of a specific color, also called celadon. This type of ware was invented in ancient China, particularly in Zhejiang Province.
Etymology
The term "celadon" for the pottery's pale jade-green glaze coined by European connoisseurs of the wares. One theory is that the name first appeared in France in the 17th century and is named after the shepherd Celadon in Honoré d'Urfé's French pastoral romance, L'Astrée (1627), who wore pale green ribbons. (D'Urfe, in turn, borrowed his character from Ovid's Metamorphoses.) Another is that the term is a corruption of the name of Saladin (Salah ad-Din), the Ayyubid Sultan, who in 1171 sent forty pieces of the ceramic to Nur ad-Din, Sultan of Syria. Yet another is the word derives from the Sanskrit sila and dhara, which mean "stone" and "green" respectively.
Celadon glaze
Celadon glaze refers to a family of transparent, crackle glazes, produced in a wide variety of colors, generally used on porcelain or stoneware clay bodies. The popularity and impact of these glazes is such that pottery pieces decorated with celadon glazes can also be known as "celadons."
Celadon glazes can be produced in a variety of colors, including white, grey, blue and yellow, depending on the thickness of the applied glaze and the type of clay to which it is applied. However, the most famous celadon range in color from a very pale green crackle to deep intense green, often means mimic the green shades of jade. The color is produced by iron oxide in the glaze recipe or clay body. Celadon are usually fired in a reducing atmosphere kiln. As with most glazes, crazing (a glaze defect) can occur in the glaze and, if the characteristic is desirable, it is referred to as crackle glaze.
Generally, southern china kilns invented and improved celadon technique, especially Longquan kilns had international fame. Large quantities of Longquan celadon was exported throughout East Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East in 13th-15th century. Large celadon dishs were welcomed in Islamic nations.
Traditional Korean celadons has distinctive Korean directions in the ware. The most distinctive are decorated by overlaying glaze on contrasting clay bodies. With inlaid designs, known as "sanggam" in Korean, small pieces of colored clay are inlaid in the clay used to produce the ware. Carved or slip-carved designs require layer[s] of a different colored clay adhered to the base clay of the piece. The layers are then carved away to reveal varying colors. Korean celadonware, usually a pale green-blue in color, developed, flourished, and was refined during the 10th and 11th centuries, imitating Northern Song superb celadon. Northern Song court embassy admired them. Korean celadon reached its zenith between the 12th and early-13th centuries, however, the Mongol invasions of Korea Mongol invasion]] in the 13th century and Buddhism persecution by the Yi dynasty government blew up the craft. Modern potters with modern-day tools have attempted to recreate Goryeo celadon.
Since about 1420 the Counts of Katzenelnbogen owned the oldest European import of celadon, exhibited in Kassel in the Landesmuseum
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Japanese imported southern China kiln technique in early 17th century. Nabeshima ware took celadon with enamelware. Kyoyaki (Kyoto Ceramics) also learned celadon technique in 18th century. Famous potter Aoki Mokubei (1767-1833). His celadons paid conscious homage to Chinese wares. This was especially so for late Ming period celadon with their bright greens, in a departure from traditional Japanese taste in Chinese celadon which favored a blue glaze.
See also
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