Carbonate minerals

Anhydrous carbonates

• Calcite group: Trigonal
  • Calcite
    Calcite
    Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate . The other polymorphs are the minerals aragonite and vaterite. Aragonite will change to calcite at 470°C, and vaterite is even less stable....
    
     CaCO₃
  • Gaspeite
    Gaspeite
    Gaspeite is an extremely rare nickel carbonate mineral named for the place it was first described, in the Gaspé Peninsula, Canada.Gaspeite's formula is CO₃ and it is a bright green mineral. It forms massive to reniform pappillary aggregates in fractures, bottryoidal concretions in...
    
     (Ni,Mg,Fe²⁺)CO₃
  • Magnesite
    Magnesite
    Magnesite is magnesium carbonate, MgCO₃. Iron substitutes for magnesium with a complete solution series with siderite, FeCO₃. Calcium, manganese, cobalt, and nickel may also occur in small amounts...
    
     MgCO₃
  • Otavite
    Otavite
    Otavite is a rare cadmium carbonate mineral with formula: CdCO₃. Otavite crystallizes in the trigonal system and forms encrustations and small scalenohedral crystals that have a pearly to adamantine luster. The color is white to reddish to yellow brown. Its Mohs hardness is 3.5 to 4 and...
    
     CdCO₃
  • Rhodochrosite
    Rhodochrosite
    Rhodochrosite is a manganese carbonate mineral with chemical composition MnCO₃. In its pure form, it is typically a rose-red color, but impure specimens can be shades of pink to pale brown. The streak is white. Its Mohs hardness varies between 3.5 and 4. Its specific gravity is 3.5 to...
    
     MnCO₃
  • Siderite
    Siderite
    Siderite is also the name of a type of iron meteorite.----Siderite is a mineral composed of iron carbonate FeCO₃. It takes its name from the Greek word sideros, “iron”. It is a valuable iron mineral, since it is 48% iron and contains no sulfur or phosphorus...
    
     FeCO₃
  • Smithsonite
    Smithsonite
    Smithsonite, or zinc spar, is zinc carbonate ZnCO₃, a mineral ore of zinc. Historically, smithsonite was identified with hemimorphite before it was realised that they were two distinct minerals. The two minerals are very similar in appearance and the term calamine has been used for both,...
    
     ZnCO₃
  • Sphaerocobaltite CoCO₃
• Aragonite group: Orthorhombic
  • Aragonite
    Aragonite
    Aragonite is a carbonate mineral, one of the two common, naturally occurring polymorphs of calcium carbonate, CaCO₃. The other polymorph is the mineral calcite. Aragonite's crystal lattice differs from that of calcite, resulting in a different crystal shape, an orthorhombic system with...
    
     CaCO₃
  • Cerussite
    Cerussite
    Cerussite is a mineral consisting of lead carbonate , and an important ore of lead. The name is from the Latin cerussa, white lead. Cerussa nativa was mentioned by Conrad Gessner in 1565, and in 1832 F. S. Beudant applied the name cruse to the mineral, whilst the present form, cerussite, is due to W...
    
     PbCO₃
  • Strontianite
    Strontianite
    Strontianite is a mineral consisting of strontium carbonate, named after the village of Strontian, Lochaber, Scotland, where it was first discovered. This mineral is white, greenish, or yellowish in color, usually occurring in fibrous massive forms, but sometimes in prismatic crystals...
    
     SrCO₃
  • Witherite
    Witherite
    Witherite is a barium carbonate mineral, BaCO₃, in the aragonite group. Witherite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and virtually always is twinned. The mineral is colorless, milky white, grey, pale yellow, green, to pale brown. The specific gravity is 4.3, which is high for a...
    
     BaCO₃
  • Rutherfordine
    Rutherfordine
    Rutherfordine is a mineral containing almost pure uranium carbonate . It was discovered in 1906 and is named after Ernest Rutherford. It is found primarily in the Morogoro Region of Tanzania in Africa. It has been reported in Zaire and the Northern Territory of Australia...
    
     UO₂CO₃
  • Natrite Na₂CO₃

Anhydrous carbonates with compound formulas

• Dolomite group: Trigonal
  • Ankerite
    Ankerite
    Ankerite is a calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese carbonate mineral of the group of rhombohedral carbonates with formula: Ca₂...
    
     CaFe(CO₃)₂
  • Dolomite
    Dolomite
    Dolomite is the name of a sedimentary carbonate rock and a mineral, both composed of calcium magnesium carbonate CaMg₂ found in crystals....
    
     CaMg(CO₃)₂
  • Minrecordite CaZn(CO₃)₂
  • Barytocite BaCa(CO₃)₂

Carbonates with hydroxyl or halogen

• Carbonate with hydroxide
  Hydroxide
  In chemistry, hydroxide is the name for the diatomic anion OH⁻, consisting of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, usually derived from the dissociation of a base. It is one of the simplest diatomic ions known....
  
  : Monoclinic
  • Azurite
    Azurite
    Azurite is a soft, deep blue copper mineral produced by weathering of copper ore deposits. It is also known as Chessylite after the Chessy-les-Mines near Lyon, France, where striking specimens have been found...
    
     Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
  • Hydrocerussite Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
  • Malachite
    Malachite
    Malachite is a carbonate mineral normally known as "copper carbonate" with the formula CuCO₃.Cu₂. This green-colored mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, and most often forms botryoidal, fibrous, or stalagmitic masses. Individual crystals are rare but do...
    
     Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂
  • Roassite (Cu,Zn)₂CO₃(OH)₂
  • Phosgenite
    Phosgenite
    Phosgenite is a rare mineral consisting of lead chlorocarbonate, ₂CO₃. The tetragonal, holosymmetric, crystals are prismatic or tabular in habit, and are bounded by smooth, bright faces: they are usually colorless and transparent, and have a brilliant adamantine lustre....
    
     Pb₂(CO₃)Cl₂
  • Hydrozincite
    Hydrozincite
    Hydrozincite, also known as zinc bloom, is a white carbonate mineral consisting of Zn₅₂₆. It is usually found in massive rather than crystalline form.-References:***...
    
     Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
  • Aurichalcite
    Aurichalcite
    Aurichalcite is a carbonate mineral, usually found as a secondary mineral in copper and zinc deposits. Its chemical formula is ₅₂₆...
    
     (Zn,Cu)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆

Hydrated carbonates

• Ikaite
  Ikaite
  Ikaite is the mineral name for the hexahydrate of calcium carbonate, CaCO₃·6H₂O. It is only found in a metastable state, and decomposes rapidly once removed from near-freezing water. It is more commonly known through its pseudomorphs...
  
   CaCO₃.6(H₂O)
• Lansfordite
  Lansfordite
  Lansfordite is a hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral with composition: MgCO₃·5H₂O. Landsfordite was discovered in 1888 in a coal mine in Lansford, Pennsylvania. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and typically occurs as colorless to white prismatic crystals and...
  
   MgCO₃·5(H₂O)
• Monohydrocalcite
  Monohydrocalcite
  Monohydrocalcite is a mineral that is a hydrous form of calcium carbonate, CaCO₃·H₂O. It was formerly also known by the name hydrocalcite, which is now discredited by the IMA. It is a trigonal mineral which is white when pure...
  
   CaCO₃.H₂O
• Natron
  Natron
  Natron is a naturally occurring mixture of sodium carbonate decahydrate and about 17% sodium bicarbonate along with small quantities of household salt and sodium sulfate...
  
   Na₂CO₃·10(H₂O)
• Zellerite Ca(UO₂)(CO₃)₂·5(H₂O)