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Monohydrocalcite
 
 
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Monohydrocalcite is a mineral that is a hydrous form of calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CalciumCarbonOxygen3. It is a common substance found as Rock in all parts of the world, and is the main component of seashells, snails, and eggshells....
, CaCO3·H2O. It was formerly also known by the name hydrocalcite, which is now discredited by the IMA
International Mineralogical Association

The International Mineralogical Association is an international group of 38 national societies. The goal is to promote the science of mineralogy and to standardize the nomenclature of the 4000 plus known mineral species....
. It is a trigonal
Rhombohedral crystal system

In crystallography, the rhombohedral crystal system is one of the seven Crystal structure crystallographic point groups, named after the two-dimensional rhombus....
 mineral
Mineral

A mineral is a naturally occurring solid formed through Geology processes that has a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties....
 which is white when pure. Monohydrocalcite is not a common rock-forming mineral, but is frequently associated with other calcium and magnesium carbonate minerals
Carbonate minerals

Carbonate minerals are those minerals containing the carbonate ion: CO32-....
, such as calcite
Calcite

Calcite is a Carbonate minerals and the most stable Polymorphism of calcium carbonate . The other polymorphs are the minerals aragonite and vaterite....
, aragonite
Aragonite

Aragonite is a carbonate mineral, one of the two common, naturally occurring polymorphism of calcium carbonate, calciumcarbonoxygen3....
, lansfordite
Lansfordite

Lansfordite is a hydrated magnesium Carbonate minerals with composition: MgCO3?5H2O. Landsfordite was discovered in 1888 in a coal mine in Lansford, Pennsylvania....
, and nesquehonite.

Monohydrocalcite has been observed in air conditioning systems, and as a deposit in caves, both probably formed from spray of carbonate rich fluids. It is well-known in Robe
Robe, South Australia

Robe is a town and fishing port on the South East Limestone Coast of South Australia. The town's distinctive combination of historical buildings, ocean, fishing fleets, lakes and dense bush is widely appreciated....
 on the Limestone Coast
Limestone Coast

The Limestone Coast is a recently adopted name for the region in the Ordinal directions of South Australia. It includes the towns of Bordertown, South Australia, Keith, South Australia, Millicent, South Australia, Mount Gambier, South Australia, Penola, and Naracoorte, South Australia, the coastal resorts of Beachport, South Australia, Kin...
 of South Australia
South Australia

South Australia is a States and territories of Australia of Australia in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of , it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories....
 as a component of beach sands of Lake Fellmongery and Lake Butler, where it is believed to be formed from algal spume.






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Monohydrocalcite is a mineral that is a hydrous form of calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CalciumCarbonOxygen3. It is a common substance found as Rock in all parts of the world, and is the main component of seashells, snails, and eggshells....
, CaCO3·H2O. It was formerly also known by the name hydrocalcite, which is now discredited by the IMA
International Mineralogical Association

The International Mineralogical Association is an international group of 38 national societies. The goal is to promote the science of mineralogy and to standardize the nomenclature of the 4000 plus known mineral species....
. It is a trigonal
Rhombohedral crystal system

In crystallography, the rhombohedral crystal system is one of the seven Crystal structure crystallographic point groups, named after the two-dimensional rhombus....
 mineral
Mineral

A mineral is a naturally occurring solid formed through Geology processes that has a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties....
 which is white when pure. Monohydrocalcite is not a common rock-forming mineral, but is frequently associated with other calcium and magnesium carbonate minerals
Carbonate minerals

Carbonate minerals are those minerals containing the carbonate ion: CO32-....
, such as calcite
Calcite

Calcite is a Carbonate minerals and the most stable Polymorphism of calcium carbonate . The other polymorphs are the minerals aragonite and vaterite....
, aragonite
Aragonite

Aragonite is a carbonate mineral, one of the two common, naturally occurring polymorphism of calcium carbonate, calciumcarbonoxygen3....
, lansfordite
Lansfordite

Lansfordite is a hydrated magnesium Carbonate minerals with composition: MgCO3?5H2O. Landsfordite was discovered in 1888 in a coal mine in Lansford, Pennsylvania....
, and nesquehonite.

Monohydrocalcite has been observed in air conditioning systems, and as a deposit in caves, both probably formed from spray of carbonate rich fluids. It is well-known in Robe
Robe, South Australia

Robe is a town and fishing port on the South East Limestone Coast of South Australia. The town's distinctive combination of historical buildings, ocean, fishing fleets, lakes and dense bush is widely appreciated....
 on the Limestone Coast
Limestone Coast

The Limestone Coast is a recently adopted name for the region in the Ordinal directions of South Australia. It includes the towns of Bordertown, South Australia, Keith, South Australia, Millicent, South Australia, Mount Gambier, South Australia, Penola, and Naracoorte, South Australia, the coastal resorts of Beachport, South Australia, Kin...
 of South Australia
South Australia

South Australia is a States and territories of Australia of Australia in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of , it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories....
 as a component of beach sands of Lake Fellmongery and Lake Butler, where it is believed to be formed from algal spume. Other lacustrine deposits include Lake Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a country in Central Asia. Landlocked and mountainous, it is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and People's Republic of China to the east....
, Lake Kivu
Lake Kivu

Lake Kivu is one of the Great Lakes of Africa. It lies on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, and is in the Albertine Rift, a part of the Great Rift Valley....
, Congo
Congo

Congo, Kongo, or Kongo may refer to:...
, and Solar Lake, Sinai
Sinai Peninsula

The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai is a triangular peninsula in Egypt. It lies between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, forming a land bridge between Africa and Southwest Asia....
.

It has been reported as a significant component of the decomposition of ikaite
Ikaite

Ikaite is the mineral name for the hexahydrate of calcium carbonate, CaCO3?6H2O. Ikaite is colorless when pure....
 in the towers of the Ikka Fjord, West Greenland
Greenland

Greenland is a member country of the Kingdom of Denmark located between the Arctic Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago....
. It is also noted for its bizarre occurrences, which include inside the otolith
Otolith

An otolith, , also called statoconium or otoconium is a structure in the saccule or Utricle of the inner ear, specifically in the Labyrinth ....
s of the tiger shark
Tiger shark

The Tiger Shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, the second largest predatory shark is the only member of the genus Galeocerdo. Mature sharks average 3.25 to 4.25 metre long and weigh 385 to 909 kilogram ....
, the bladder
Urinary bladder

In anatomy, the urinary bladder is a solid, muscle, and distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor in mammals. It is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination....
 of a guinea pig
Guinea pig

The guinea pig is a species of rodent belonging to the family Caviidae and the genus Cavia. Despite their common name, these animals are not pigs, nor do they come from Guinea ....
, the calcareous corpuscles of a cestode parasite, and the final stages of decomposition of the putrefying flesh of the giant saguaro
Saguaro

The Saguaro, pronounced "sah-wah-roh", is a large, tree-sized cactus species in the monotypic genus Carnegiea. It is native to the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, the Mexico political divisions of Mexico of Sonora and Baja California, and an extremely small area of California....
 cactus
Cactus

A cactus is any member of the spine plant family Cactaceae, native to the Americas. They are often used as ornamental plants, but some are also Crop plants....
. These occurrences suggest a biochemical origin is possible.

Footnotes


Further reading


  • Hull, H., Turnbull, A. G. A thermochemical study of monohydrocalcite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37: 685-694, 1973.


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