Campephilus is a
genusIn biology, a genus is a taxonomic unit used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The term comes from Latin genus "descent, family, type, gender" , cognate with – genos, "race, stock, kin" ..In addition, genus is a taxonomic rank in the hierarchy In biology, a genus (plural:...
of large
AmericanThe Americas, or America, are lands in the Western hemisphere or New World, comprising the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. America may be ambiguous in English, as it is more commonly used to refer to the United States of America...
woodpeckerWoodpeckers are near passerine birds of the order Piciformes. They are one subfamily in the family Picidae, which also includes the piculets and wrynecks. They are found worldwide and include about 180 species....
s in the
familyFamily denotes a group of people or animals affiliated by a consanguinity, affinity or co-residence...
PicidaeThe woodpeckers, piculets and wrynecks are a family, Picidae, of near-passerine birds. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Australia and New Zealand, Madagascar, and the extreme polar regions...
.
Campephilus is a
genusIn biology, a genus is a taxonomic unit used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The term comes from Latin genus "descent, family, type, gender" , cognate with – genos, "race, stock, kin" ..In addition, genus is a taxonomic rank in the hierarchy In biology, a genus (plural:...
of large
AmericanThe Americas, or America, are lands in the Western hemisphere or New World, comprising the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. America may be ambiguous in English, as it is more commonly used to refer to the United States of America...
woodpeckerWoodpeckers are near passerine birds of the order Piciformes. They are one subfamily in the family Picidae, which also includes the piculets and wrynecks. They are found worldwide and include about 180 species....
s in the
familyFamily denotes a group of people or animals affiliated by a consanguinity, affinity or co-residence...
PicidaeThe woodpeckers, piculets and wrynecks are a family, Picidae, of near-passerine birds. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Australia and New Zealand, Madagascar, and the extreme polar regions...
.
This genus was created by
George Robert GrayGeorge Robert Gray FRS was an English zoologist and author, and head of the ornithological section of the British Museum in London for forty-one years...
, who suggested taking
Campephilus principalis as the type for the genus. The name
Campephilus means "lover of grubs" - an allusion to the diet of these birds, many of which feed on the larvae of wood-boring
beetleBeetles are the group of insects with the largest number of known species. They are classified in the order Coleoptera , which contains more described species than in any other order in the animal kingdom, constituting about 25% of all known life-forms...
s. Contrary to long-held opinion, their closest relatives are not the large black
DryocopusDryocopus is a genus of large powerful woodpeckers, typically 35-45 cm in length. It has representatives in North and South America, Europe and Asia; some South American species are endangered...
woodpeckers: instead, they are related to the
Chrysocolaptes flamebacks from
Southeast AsiaManila
Bangkok
Ho Chi Minh City
Kuala Lumpur
Singapore
Yangon
Bandung
Hanoi
Surabaya
Taichung
Kaohsiung
Medan|-|}...
(Benz
et al., 2006).
The
EnglishEnglish is a West Germanic language that developed in England during the Anglo-Saxon era. As a result of the military, economic, scientific, political, and cultural influence of the British Empire during the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, and of the United States since the mid 20th century,...
names
ivory-billed woodpecker or
ivorybill are sometimes used to refer to members of this genus, though more these are used specifically for
Campephilus principalis.
Species
- Powerful Woodpecker
The Powerful Woodpecker is a species of bird in the Picidae family. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
, Campephilus pollens
- Crimson-bellied Woodpecker
The Crimson-bellied Woodpecker is a species of bird in the Picidae family.It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru....
, Campephilus haematogaster
- Red-necked Woodpecker
The Red-necked Woodpecker is a species of bird in the Picidae family.It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela....
, Campephilus rubricollis
- Robust Woodpecker
The Robust Woodpecker is a species of bird in the Picidae family.It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on...
, Campephilus robustus
- Crimson-crested Woodpecker
The Crimson-crested Woodpecker is a very large woodpecker which is a resident breeding bird from Panama south to northern border regions of Argentina, and on Trinidad....
, Campephilus melanoleucos
- Guayaquil Woodpecker
The Guayaquil Woodpecker is a species of bird in the Picidae family.It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru....
, Campephilus gayaquilensis
- Pale-billed Woodpecker
The Pale-billed Woodpecker is a very large woodpecker which is a resident breeding bird from northern Mexico to western Panama.-Habitat:...
, Campephilus guatemalensis
- Cream-backed Woodpecker
The Cream-backed Woodpecker is a species of bird in the Picidae family.It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.-References:...
, Campephilus leucopogon
- Magellanic Woodpecker
The Magellanic Woodpecker is a very large woodpecker resident to Chile along the Andes, and to some parts of South-Western Argentina. This species is the southern-most example of the Genus Campephilus, which includes the famous Ivory-billed Woodpecker.The Magellanic Woodpecker is 36-38 cm in length...
, Campephilus magellanicus
- Ivory-billed Woodpecker
The Ivory-billed Woodpecker is one of several species whose numbers have dwindled to the point where it is uncertain whether any remain. The species is listed as critically endangered and possibly extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature...
, Campephilus principalis - possibly extinct (late 20th century)
- Imperial Woodpecker
The Imperial Woodpecker is a member of the woodpecker family Picidae. Due to its close relationship and similarity to the Ivory-billed Woodpecker, it is sometimes also called "Mexican Ivorybill" but this name is also used for the Pale-billed Woodpecker. If it is not extinct, it is the world's...
, Campephilus imperialis - possibly extinct (late 20th century)
A
fossilFossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past. The totality of fossils, both discovered and undiscovered, and their placement in fossiliferous rock formations and sedimentary layers is known as the fossil record...
ivorybill species,
Campephilus dalquesti, was described from bones found in
Late PleistoceneThe Late Pleistocene is a stage of the Pleistocene Epoch. The beginning of the stage is defined by the base of Eemian interglacial phase before final glacial episode of Pleistocene 126,000 ± 5,000 years ago. The end of the stage is defined exactly at 10,000 Carbon-14 years BP...
deposits of Scurry County.