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The Bambusoideae is a subfamily of the true grass family
Family

Family denotes a group of people affiliated by a common ancestry, affinity or co-residence. Although the concept of consanguinity originally referred to relations by "blood," some cultural anthropology have argued that one must understand the idea of "blood" metaphorically, and that many societies understand 'family' through other concepts r...
 Poaceae
Poaceae

Poaceae or Gramineae is a family in the Class Liliopsida of the Magnoliophyta. Plants of this family are usually called grasses; the shrub- or tree-like plants in this family are called bamboo ....
, and is characterized by having 3 stigmas and are mostly tree-like. However, there are uncertainties at practically every taxonomic level within the Bambusoideae, and different types of data (floral morphology, vegetative structures, anatomy, and genetics) often result in support for differing relationships. The Bambusoideae generally consists a distinct “core” group of genera, the woody bamboos (Bambuseae)and an associated a group of genera of questionable affinity, the herbaceous Bambusoideae.






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The Bambusoideae is a subfamily of the true grass family
Family

Family denotes a group of people affiliated by a common ancestry, affinity or co-residence. Although the concept of consanguinity originally referred to relations by "blood," some cultural anthropology have argued that one must understand the idea of "blood" metaphorically, and that many societies understand 'family' through other concepts r...
 Poaceae
Poaceae

Poaceae or Gramineae is a family in the Class Liliopsida of the Magnoliophyta. Plants of this family are usually called grasses; the shrub- or tree-like plants in this family are called bamboo ....
, and is characterized by having 3 stigmas and are mostly tree-like. However, there are uncertainties at practically every taxonomic level within the Bambusoideae, and different types of data (floral morphology, vegetative structures, anatomy, and genetics) often result in support for differing relationships. The Bambusoideae generally consists a distinct “core” group of genera, the woody bamboos (Bambuseae)and an associated a group of genera of questionable affinity, the herbaceous Bambusoideae. The bamusoid taxa have long been considered the most “primitive” grasses, mostly because of the presence of bracteate, indeterminate inflorescences, “pseudospikelets,” and flowers with three lodicules, six stamens, and three stigmas. In a recent study Clark et al. (1995) analyzed DNA sequences for the chloroplast
Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryote organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy to conserve Thermodynamic free energy in the form of Adenosine triphosphate and reduce NADP to NADPH through a complex set of processes called photosynthesis....
 gene ndhF were analyzed to address phylogenetic relationships among the major lineages of the Poaceae
Poaceae

Poaceae or Gramineae is a family in the Class Liliopsida of the Magnoliophyta. Plants of this family are usually called grasses; the shrub- or tree-like plants in this family are called bamboo ....
. They found that two tribes of neotropical herbaceous bamboo tribes, the Streptochaeteae and Anomochloeae, are resolved as the most basal clade within the grass family, confirming the hypothesis that elements within the Bambusoideae sensu lato are basal within the Poaceae, and also showing that the Bambusoideae s.l. is polyphyletic. A recent study which analyzed the phylogenetic relationships within the Bambusoideae using rp116 intron sequence data from chloroplast DNA was able to further resolve some of the uncertainties remaining in Clark et al.’s (1995) analysis. Kelchner and Clark’s (1997) analysis resolved a Bambusoideae clade with two monophyletic groups: the Bambuseae (woody bamboos) and the Olyreae/Parianeae (herbaceous bamboos). Within the Bambuseae two clades were recovered corresponding to temperate and tropical woody bamboos, and the tropical taxa were even further divided into New World and Old World clades. The distinct lineages produced strongly correspond with geographic divisions, with major clades representing the New World herbaceous species (Olyreae/Parianeae), New World tropical woody bamboos, Old World tropical woody bamboos, and North temperate woody bamboos (all Bambuseae).

Subdivisions

It is divided into two groups: the Oryzodae and the Bambusodae. It has 13 tribes, as following:

  • Oryzodae
    This group is also separated into subfamily Oryzaceae.
    • Tribe Anomochloeae
  • :This tribe is also separated to form subfamily Anomochlooideae. There is one genus: Anomochloa.
    • Tribe Diarrheneae
  • :There is one genus: Diarrhena.
    • Tribe Ehrharteae
  • :There are four genera: Ehrharta
    Ehrharta

    Ehrharta is a genus of about 25 to 35 species of Poaceae mostly native to Africa, with a few species native to the Mascarene Islands and Indonesia....
    , Microlaena, Petriella, Tetrarrhena    .
    • Tribe Olyreae
  • :There are 20 genera: Agnesia, Arberella, Buergersiochloa, Cryptochloa, Diandrolyra, Ekmanochloa, Froesiochloa, Lithachne (also placed in Oryzeae), Maclurolyra, Mniochloa, Olyra (plant), Pariana, Parodiolyra, Piresia, Piresiella, Raddia, Raddiella, Rehia, Reitzia, Sucrea.
    • Tribe Oryzeae
  • :This tribe also forms subfamily Oryzoideae. It has 13 genera: Chikusichloa, Hydrochloa, Hygroryza, Leersia
    Leersia

    Leersia is a genus of Poaceae which includes species known generally as cutgrasses. There are about 17 species native to tropical and warm temperate areas of the Americas and Eurasia....
    , Luziola, Maltebrunia, Oryza
    Oryza

    Oryza is a genus of 7-20 species of Poaceae in the tribe Oryzeae, within the subfamily Bambusoideae. native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa....
    , Porteresia, Potamophila, Prosphytochloa, Rhynchoryza, Zizania
    Zizania

    Zizania may refer to:*Zizania, a wild rice native to North America*USS Zizania , a patrol craft tender which served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919....
    , Zizaniopsis    .
    • Tribe Phaenospermatae
  • :There is 1 genus in this tribe: Phaenosperma.
    • Tribe Phareae
  • :There are 4 genera: Leptaspis, Pharus
    Pharus

    Pharus is a genus of grass in the Poaceae family.It contains the following species:* Pharus ecuadoricus...
    , Scrotochloa, Suddia    .
    • Tribe Phyllorhachideae
  • :This tribe has 2 genera: Humbertochloa, Phyllorhachis.
    • Tribe Streptochaeteae
  • :There is one genus: Streptochaeta.
    • Tribe Streptogyneae
  • :This tribe only has one genus: Streptogyna.
  • Bambusodae
    • Tribe Bambuseae
  • :This tribe comprises woody bamboo
    Bamboo

    The bamboos are a group of woody perennial plant evergreen plants in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae....
    s (or hardy bamboos). There are 91 genera, distributed into several subtribes:
      • Subtribe Arthrostylidiinae
        Arthrostylidiinae

        The Arthrostylidiinae is a subtribe of bamboo . It comprises 13 genera.Grows in tropical regions.See also*Taxonomy of the Bambuseae...
    • :Comprises 13 genera: Actinocladum, Alvimia
      Alvimia

      Alvimia is a genus of bamboo , comprising 3 species found in eastern coastal Bahia, Brazil....
      , Apoclada
      Apoclada

      'Apoclada' is a genus of bamboo , comprising 1 species found in the forests of southeastern Brazil. The genus was for many years thought to contain four species Upon further examination and fieldwork at the collection locality, the single piece of material at the US National Herbarium from which A....
      , Arthrostylidium
      Arthrostylidium

      Arthrostylidium is a genus of bamboo , comprising 20 species found in the New World. They are climbing bamboos....
      , Athroostachys, Atractantha
      Atractantha

      Atractantha is a genus of bamboo , comprising 2 species found in Brazil....
      , Aulonemia
      Aulonemia

      Aulonemia is a genus of bamboo , comprising about 30 species found from South America to Mexico and Costa Rica. This genus includes Matudacalamus Mackawa....
       (Matudacalamus), Colanthelia
      Colanthelia

      Colanthelia is a genus of bamboo , comprising 7 species found in Brazil....
      , Elytrostachys
      Elytrostachys

      Elytrostachys is a genus of bamboo , comprising 2 species found in the rainforests from Honduras to Venezuela....
      , Glaziophyton, Merostachys
      Merostachys

      Merostachys is a genus of bamboo . It comprises about 40 species, found in South America....
      , Myriocladus
      Myriocladus

      Myriocladus is a genus of bamboo . It comprises about 20 species, found in the sandstone tablelands of Venezuela and Surinam....
      , Rhipidocladum
      Rhipidocladum

      Rhipidocladum is a genus of New World woody bamboo . It comprises 18 species, found in Central America and South America. The genus is characterized by 1) erect, non-pseudopetiolate culm leaves, 2) numerous branchlets arising in an apsidate array, and 3) fruits being true caryopses....
      .
      • Subtribe Arundinariinae
        Arundinariinae

        The Arundinariinae is a subtribe of bamboo . It comprises 16 genera.See also*Taxonomy of the Bambuseae...
    • :Comprises 16 genera: Acidosasa
      Acidosasa

      Acidosasa is a genus of bamboo . It comprises 6 genera, mostly found in Southern China, with 1 species also in Indochina. Its name is formed from Latin acidum and Sasa , referring to its edible shoots....
      , Ampelocalamus
      Ampelocalamus

      Ampelocalamus is a genus of bamboo . It comprises small clumping Tropics bamboos found mostly in Southern China. Some experts have placed these species in the genus Sinarundinaria, now replaced by Chimonocalamus....
      , Arundinaria
      Arundinaria

      Arundinaria, commonly known as the canes, is the sole temperate genus of bamboo native to the New World . The genus is endemic to the eastern United States from New Jersey south to Florida and west to Ohio and Texas....
      , Borinda
      Borinda

      Borinda is a genus of clumping bamboos erected in 1994 by Stapleton and previously included in the genera Fargesia and Yushania. They have been recognized to present different flowers and shorter rhizomes than Yushanias....
      , Chimonocalamus
      Chimonocalamus

      Chimonocalamus is a genus of bamboo. Some of the species are aromatic and grown as ornamental plants....
      , Drepanostachyum
      Drepanostachyum

      Drepanostachyum is a genus of medium-sized mountain clumping bamboos....
       (Himalayacalamus), Fargesia
      Fargesia

      Fargesia is a genus of medium to small mountain clumping bamboos, found in Alpine climate conifer forests of East Asia. They are known in Chinese as jian zhu , meaning "arrow bamboo"....
      , Ferrocalamus, Gaoligongshania, Gelidocalamus
      Gelidocalamus

      Gelidocalamus is a genus of small to medium-sized bamboos, found geographically in the mountains of eastern China . This genus is sometimes included in Indocalamus....
      , Indocalamus
      Indocalamus

      Indocalamus is a genus of bamboo....
      , Oligostachyum
      Oligostachyum

      Oligostachyum is a genus of bamboo originating from coastal China. The genus is sometimes considered a synonymy of Arundinaria....
      , Pseudosasa
      Pseudosasa

      Pseudosasa is a genus of small to medium running bamboo. These species usually have one branch at a node. Its name comes from its resemblance to the genus Sasa....
      , Sasa
      Sasa

      Sasa may refer to:* Apraca king, nephew of Aspa i.e. Apraca general Aspavarman*Sasa - a genus of bamboo*Sasa, Israel - a kibbutz in Galilee Israel...
      , Thamnocalamus
      Thamnocalamus

      Thamnocalamus is a genus of clumping bamboo. These species are found from the mountains of East Asia and Africa. They are similar to the genus Fargesia, which is sometimes put in synonymy with Thamnocalamus....
      , Yushania
      Yushania

      Yushania is a genus of bamboo always of the family Poaceae and now of the woody bamboo tribe Bambuseae and the supertribe Bambusodae which have both been experiencing many name changes....
      .
      • Subtribe Bambusinae
        Bambusinae

        The Bambusinae is a subtribe of bamboo . It comprises 10 genera.See also*Taxonomy of the Bambuseae...
    • :Comprises 10 genera: Bambusa
      Bambusa

      Bambusa is a large genus of clumping bamboos. These species are usually giant ones, with numerous branches at a node and one or two much larger than the rest....
       (Dendrocalamopsis), Bonia
      Bonia

      Bonia is a genus of bamboo....
       (Monocladus), Dendrocalamus
      Dendrocalamus

      Dendrocalamus is a Tropics genus of giant clumping bamboo, which are similar to the genus Bambusa. With about 29 species, this genus is found from the Indian subcontinent throughout Southeast Asia....
       (Klemachloa, Oreobambos, Oxynanthera or Sinocalamus), Dinochloa
      Dinochloa

      Dinochloa is a genus of about 20 species of tropical clumping high-climbing bamboo. These species bear zigzag culms and fleshy fruits. They are found in the hill forests and lowland dipterocarp forest of Malesia....
      , Gigantochloa
      Gigantochloa

      Gigantochloa is a Tropics genus of giant clumping bamboo, similar to the genus Bambusa. Found in Southeast Asia, the genus comprises about 24 species....
      , Holttumochloa
      Holttumochloa

      Holttumochloa is a genus of bamboo. It has 3 species, all found in the hill forests of Peninsular Malaysia. It is sometimes included in the genus Bambusa....
      , Kinabaluchloa
      Kinabaluchloa

      Kinabaluchloa is a genus of bamboo. It comprises 2 species, found in the montane forests of Malaysia....
       (Maclurochloa, Soejatmia), Melocalamus
      Melocalamus

      Melocalamus is a genus of bamboo, found in lowland areas from Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand to Southern China....
      , Sphaerobambos
      Sphaerobambos

      Sphaerobambos is a genus of bamboo, comprising 3 species found in the lowland forests of Malesia....
      , Thyrsostachys
      Thyrsostachys

      Thyrsostachys is a genus of moderate size bamboo, comprising 2 species found in the dry lowlands from Thailand to Vietnam....
      .
      • Subtribe Chusqueinae
        Chusqueinae

        The Chusqueinae is a subtribe of bamboo . It comprises 2 genera.See also*Taxonomy of the Bambuseae...
    • :Comprises 2 genera: Chusquea
      Chusquea

      Chusquea is a genus of bamboo with about 120 species. Most of them are mountain clumping bamboos native from southern Mexico to southern Chile and Argentina....
      , Neurolepis
      Neurolepis

      Neurolepis is a genus of bamboo. It has 9 species, found in South America . It is one of two genera in the subtribe Chusqueinae, the other being Chusquea; unlike that genus the stems of Neurolepis are hollow, like other bamboos....
      .
      • Subtribe Guaduinae
        Guaduinae

        The Guaduinae is a subtribe of bamboo . It comprises 5 recognized genera.See also*Taxonomy of the Bambuseae...
    • :Comprises 5 genera: Criciuma
      Criciúma

      Crici?ma is a city in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. At , it is located 1 E5 m south of Florian?polis, the state capital and around 900 km south of S?o Paulo....
      , Eremocaulon
      Eremocaulon

      Eremocaulon is a genus of bamboo . It is native to Brazil and comprises 5 species....
      , Guadua
      Guadua

      Guadua is a Neotropics genus of thorny clumping bamboo, ranging from moderate to very large species. Physically, Guadua angustifolia is noted for being the largest Neotropics bamboo....
      , Olmeca
      Olmeca

      Olmeca is a genus of bamboo known from southern Mexico and comprising 2 species. Both have large fleshy fruits - a characteristic unique among New World bamboos, and rhizomes with long necks, very open clumps....
      , Otatea
      Otatea

      Otatea is a genus of clumping bamboos found from Central Mexico to Central America. The name derives from the nahuatl otatl, meaning "bamboo". The genus comprises 3 species, of which the best-known is of the Mexican weeping bamboo....
      .
      • Subtribe Melocanninae
        Melocanninae

        The Melocanninae is a subtribe of bamboo . It comprises 9 genera.See also*Taxonomy of the Bambuseae...
    • :Comprises 9 genera: Cephalostachyum
      Cephalostachyum

      Cephalostachyum is a genus of small to medium-sized bamboo . It comprises about 8 genera, found from the northeastern Himalaya to Thailand and Mindoro....
      , Davidsea, Leptocanna, Melocanna
      Melocanna

      Melocanna is a genus of Tropics clumping bamboo . It comprises 3 species, found in East Asia. The genus is similar to Bambusa. The 48-year cycle of Melocanna baccifera in northeastern India is responsible for the mautam phenomenon of bamboo flowering, followed by a plague of rats and famine....
      , Neohouzeaua
      Neohouzeaua

      Neohouzeaua is a genus of medium-sized Tropics bamboo . These species have culms growing in large tufts, often somewhat scandent. They are found in Southeast Asia....
      , Ochlandra
      Ochlandra

      Ochlandra is a genus of bamboo . The genus comprises nine species, of which eight are endemic to the Western Ghats ....
      , Pseudostachyum, Schizostachyum
      Schizostachyum

      Schizostachyum is a tall or shrub-like Tropics genus of bamboo. The genus name comes from Greek language schistos and stachys , referring to the spacing of spikelets....
      , Teinostachyum
      Teinostachyum

      Teinostachyum is a genus of bamboo with 3 species, found in India.See also*Bambusa*      Davidsea*''Neohouzeaua*''Ochlandra...
      .
      • Subtribe Nastinae
        Nastinae

        The Nastinae is a subtribe of bamboo . It comprises 6 genera.See also*Taxonomy of the Bambuseae...
    • :Comprises 6 genera: Decaryochloa, Greslania
      Greslania

      Greslania is a genus of shrubby bamboo. It comprises 4 species endemic to New Caledonia....
      , Hickelia, Hitchcockella, Nastus
      Nastus

      Nastus is a genus of slender, erect, scrambling or climbing bamboo. It has 7 species, mainly found in the Tropics mountain forests of the Southern Hemisphere from Madagascar and R?union to the Solomon Islands....
      , Perrierbambus
      Perrierbambus

      Perrierbambus is a genus of bamboo. It comprises 2 species, both of which are native to Madagascar....
      .
      • Subtribe Racemobambodinae
    • :Comprises one genus: Racemobambos
      Racemobambos

      Racemobambos is a genus of bamboo and the sole genus of its subtribe, the Racemobambodinae. The genus comprises about 16 species, confined to the montane forests of Malesia ....
       (Neomicrocalamus, Vietnamosasa)
      • Subtribe Shibataeinae
        Shibataeinae

        Shibataeinae is a subtribe of bamboo . It comprises nine genera, though the position of Temburongia remains uncertain....
    • :Comprises 8 genera: Chimonobambusa
      Chimonobambusa

      ----Chimonobambusa is a genus of bamboo....
      , Indosasa
      Indosasa

      Indosasa is a genus of bamboo, comprising 12 species. They are found in Asia, especially in China and Vietnam....
      , Phyllostachys
      Phyllostachys

      Phyllostachys is a genus of bamboo. The species are native to Asia with a large number of species found in Central China, but can now be found in many temperate and tropics areas around the world as cultivated plants or escapes from cultivation....
      , Qiongzhuea
      Qiongzhuea

      Qiongzhuea is a genus of bamboo. It is often considered a section of the genus Chimonocalamus....
      , Semiarundianria       (Brachystachyum), Shibataea
      Shibataea

      Shibataea is a genus of bamboo. It is used to make canes.It is a unique shorter bamboo with dark green leaves. This genus of small bamboos are more closely related to the genus Phyllostachys than other small bamboos....
      , Sinobambusa
      Sinobambusa

      Sinobambusa is a genus of bamboo....
      , Temburongia
      Temburongia

      Temburongia is a newly-discovered genus of bamboo from Brunei. It is usually classified in the subtribe Shibataeinae, though its exact relationship with the subtribe remains unclear....
       (incertae sedis).
    • Tribe Guaduelleae
  • :There is one genus: Guaduella.
    • Tribe Puelieae
  • :There is one genus: Puelia.