Aristolochiales
Encyclopedia
Aristolochiales is an order
of flowering plants. It is not recognised in the APG
or APG II
systems, in which it is considered a synonym of Piperales
. It also is not recognized in the Thorne system
.
In the Cronquist
, Dahlgren
, Goldberg
and Reveal
systems it is composed of a single family, the Aristolochiaceae
. In the Hutchinson system
the carnivorous Nepenthaceae (now placed in Caryophyllales
) and the parasitic Cytinaceae
(now placed in Malvales
) and Hydnoraceae
(now placed in Piperales
) are also included. In the Melchior
(aka Engler) system Hydnoraceae and Rafflesiaceae
(including Cytinaceae
) are included in addition to Aristolochiaceae.
Order (biology)
In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...
of flowering plants. It is not recognised in the APG
APG system
The APG system of plant classification is the first, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It was superseded in 2003 by a revision, the APG II system, and then in 2009 by a further...
or APG II
APG II system
The APG II system of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009...
systems, in which it is considered a synonym of Piperales
Piperales
Piperales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but otherwise has been treated variously over time...
. It also is not recognized in the Thorne system
Thorne system (1992)
A modern system of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system of plant classification was drawn up by the botanist Robert F. Thorne . He replaced it in 2000 with a new system. These two systems were published in:...
.
In the Cronquist
Cronquist system
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants .Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two...
, Dahlgren
Dahlgren system
One of the modern systems of plant taxonomy, the Dahlgren system was published by monocot specialist Rolf Dahlgren. His wife Gertrud Dahlgren carried on after his death.According to the extensive listing by Professor Reveal One of the modern systems of plant taxonomy, the Dahlgren system was...
, Goldberg
Goldberg system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Goldberg system was published in: Aaron Goldberg treats the Angiosperms, in which he recognizes 334 families and 59 orders of Dicotyledons and accept 57 familiesand 18 orders of Monocotyledons:*::: classis Dicotyledoneae*::::ordo Trochodendrales*::::::...
and Reveal
Reveal system
A modern system of plant taxonomy, the Reveal system of plant classification was drawn up by the botanist J.L. Reveal , professor emeritus at the Norton Brown Herbarium, Maryland .The last update of the system was made in 1999...
systems it is composed of a single family, the Aristolochiaceae
Aristolochiaceae
The Aristolochiaceae, or the Birthwort family, are a family of flowering plants with 7 genera and about 400 species belonging to the order Piperales...
. In the Hutchinson system
Hutchinson system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Hutchinson system was published inThis classification is according to the 1st Edition in 2 volumes, 1926–1934, Volume 1: Monocotyledonae and Volume 2:Dicotyledonae....
the carnivorous Nepenthaceae (now placed in Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales is an order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves.-Description:...
) and the parasitic Cytinaceae
Cytinaceae
Cytinaceae is a family of parasitic flowering plant. It comprised two genera, Cytinus and Bdallophytum, totalling ten species.These two genera were formerly placed in family Rafflesiaceae, order Malpighiales. When they were first split out into a separate family, it was placed in Malpighiales, but...
(now placed in Malvales
Malvales
Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, it includes about 6000 species within nine families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots....
) and Hydnoraceae
Hydnoraceae
Hydnoraceae is a family of parasitic flowering plants in the order Piperales. It contains two genera, Hydnora and Prosopanche and some seven species...
(now placed in Piperales
Piperales
Piperales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but otherwise has been treated variously over time...
) are also included. In the Melchior
Melchior system
This is the named Melchior system, "a reference in all taxonomic courses", detailing the taxonomic system of the Angiospermae according to A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien 1964 ....
(aka Engler) system Hydnoraceae and Rafflesiaceae
Rafflesiaceae
Rafflesiaceae is a family of parasitic plants found in east and southeast Asia, including Rafflesia arnoldii, the plant with the largest flower of all plants. The plants are endoparasites of vines in the genus Tetrastigma and lack stems, leaves, roots, and any photosynthetic tissue...
(including Cytinaceae
Cytinaceae
Cytinaceae is a family of parasitic flowering plant. It comprised two genera, Cytinus and Bdallophytum, totalling ten species.These two genera were formerly placed in family Rafflesiaceae, order Malpighiales. When they were first split out into a separate family, it was placed in Malpighiales, but...
) are included in addition to Aristolochiaceae.