Alexander Krivoshein
Encyclopedia
Alexander Vasilyevich Krivoshein (July 19(31), 1857, Warsaw
- October 28, 1921, Berlin
) was a Russia
n monarchist politician.
Krivoshein served as Russia's Minister of Agriculture between 1908-15. He was one of the few ministers, who was respected by the Emperor and government circles, as well as the educated public. Most of the commissioners appointed by him were the members of the public, rather than administrators or businesspersons. Krivoshein was one of the principal ministers involved in the implementation of the Stolypin agrarian reforms
. He supported large private capital in industry, because he believed that the private investment would free up more state funds for agriculture. However, for agriculture, he favored the individual peasant and the noble landowner. During the ministerial debates in 1913-14, his ministry did not oppose the expansion of joint-stock companies in the industry, but fought to limit their role in the land purchases. His ministry also got a ban on Jews
holding managerial positions in stock companies involved in the land purchases.
In 1915, Krivoshein headed the "Special Council for Discussion and Coordinating Measures for Food Supply". He was a moderate politician, and tried to persuade Nikolai Maklakov (the Minister of the Interior) to take more account of the Duma
in determining policy. He supported the moderate parliamentary reform in 1915. He was one of several ministers to be dismissed for opposing Nicholas II
's decision to take command of the Russian Army. Krivoshein rejected the February Revolution
of 1917. After the October Revolution
of 1917, he joined the anti-Bolshevik
White Army
in Crimea. He tried to save the Russian emperor, when the latter was moved from Tomsk
to Yekaterinburg
, organizing an anti-Bolshevik conspiracy in Moscow
, and barely escaping arrest. He also served as the head of General Wrangel
's government in Crimea.
Later, he went into exile in France
. His son, Igor A. Krivoshein, was an engineer and high-ranking Freemason in France.
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
- October 28, 1921, Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
) was a Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n monarchist politician.
Life
Graduate in law of St. Petersburg University. Worked in the Ministry of Justice and later in the Ministry of the Interior (1884—1896). Assistant Head of the Department of Peasant Colonization (1896—1904), and Head (1904—1905). Assistant Head of the Chief Administration of Land Organization and Agriculture (1905—1906). Member of the State Council (1906). Assistant Minister of Finance (1906—1908).Krivoshein served as Russia's Minister of Agriculture between 1908-15. He was one of the few ministers, who was respected by the Emperor and government circles, as well as the educated public. Most of the commissioners appointed by him were the members of the public, rather than administrators or businesspersons. Krivoshein was one of the principal ministers involved in the implementation of the Stolypin agrarian reforms
Stolypin reform
The Stolypin agrarian reforms were a series of changes to Imperial Russia's agricultural sector instituted during the tenure of Pyotr Stolypin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers...
. He supported large private capital in industry, because he believed that the private investment would free up more state funds for agriculture. However, for agriculture, he favored the individual peasant and the noble landowner. During the ministerial debates in 1913-14, his ministry did not oppose the expansion of joint-stock companies in the industry, but fought to limit their role in the land purchases. His ministry also got a ban on Jews
Jews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
holding managerial positions in stock companies involved in the land purchases.
In 1915, Krivoshein headed the "Special Council for Discussion and Coordinating Measures for Food Supply". He was a moderate politician, and tried to persuade Nikolai Maklakov (the Minister of the Interior) to take more account of the Duma
Duma
A Duma is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history. The State Duma in the Russian Empire and Russian Federation corresponds to the lower house of the parliament. Simply it is a form of Russian governmental institution, that was formed during the reign of the...
in determining policy. He supported the moderate parliamentary reform in 1915. He was one of several ministers to be dismissed for opposing Nicholas II
Nicholas II of Russia
Nicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia, Grand Prince of Finland, and titular King of Poland. His official short title was Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias and he is known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church.Nicholas II ruled from 1894 until...
's decision to take command of the Russian Army. Krivoshein rejected the February Revolution
February Revolution
The February Revolution of 1917 was the first of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. Centered around the then capital Petrograd in March . Its immediate result was the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, the end of the Romanov dynasty, and the end of the Russian Empire...
of 1917. After the October Revolution
October Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...
of 1917, he joined the anti-Bolshevik
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....
White Army
White movement
The White movement and its military arm the White Army - known as the White Guard or the Whites - was a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces.The movement comprised one of the politico-military Russian forces who fought...
in Crimea. He tried to save the Russian emperor, when the latter was moved from Tomsk
Tomsk
Tomsk is a city and the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Tom River. One of the oldest towns in Siberia, Tomsk celebrated its 400th anniversary in 2004...
to Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg is a major city in the central part of Russia, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Situated on the eastern side of the Ural mountain range, it is the main industrial and cultural center of the Urals Federal District with a population of 1,350,136 , making it Russia's...
, organizing an anti-Bolshevik conspiracy in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, and barely escaping arrest. He also served as the head of General Wrangel
Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel
Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel or Vrangel was an officer in the Imperial Russian army and later commanding general of the anti-Bolshevik White Army in Southern Russia in the later stages of the Russian Civil War.-Life:Wrangel was born in Mukuliai, Kovno Governorate in the Russian Empire...
's government in Crimea.
Later, he went into exile in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. His son, Igor A. Krivoshein, was an engineer and high-ranking Freemason in France.