The table below lists the opinions delivered from the bench by the Supreme Court of the United States

Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all state and federal courts, and original jurisdiction over a small range of cases...

 during the 2000 Term, which lasted from October 2, 2000, until September 30, 2001. The table illustrates what opinions were filed by each justice in each case, and which justices joined each opinion.

2000 term opinions

Case name	Argued	Decided	Rehnquist	Stevens	O'Connor	Scalia	Kennedy	Souter	Thomas	Ginsburg	Breyer
Artuz v. Bennett Artuz v. Bennett Artuz v. Bennett, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2000. The case concerned whether a habeas corpus petition tolled for time under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 when certain state claims are still pending... , 531 U.S. 4	October 10, 2000	November 7, 2000
Cleveland v. United States, 531 U.S. 12	October 10, 2000	November 7, 2000
Sinkfield v. Kelley, 531 U.S. 28		November 27, 2000
Indianapolis v. Edmond, 531 U.S. 32	October 3, 2000	November 28, 2000	1			1*			1 2
Eastern Associated Coal Corp. v. Mine Workers Eastern Associated Coal Corp. v. Mine Workers Eastern Associated Coal Corp. v. Mine Workers, 531 U.S. 57 , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that public policy considerations do not require courts to refuse to enforce an arbitration award ordering an employer to reinstate an employee truck driver who twice tested... , 531 U.S. 57	October 2, 2000	November 28, 2000
Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Bd., 531 U.S. 70	December 1, 2000	December 4, 2000
Green Tree Financial Corp.-Ala. v. Randolph Green Tree Financial Corp.-Ala. v. Randolph Green Tree Financial Corp-Ala. v. Randolph, , is a case decided by the United States Supreme Court in 2000. The case dealt with the enforceability of arbitration agreements that did not discuss the cost of the arbitration itself and with the finality of certain arbitration... , 531 U.S. 79	October 3, 2000	December 11, 2000		*				*		*	* *
Bush v. Gore Bush v. Gore Bush v. Gore, , is the landmark United States Supreme Court decision on December 12, 2000, that effectively resolved the 2000 presidential election in favor of George W. Bush. Only eight days earlier, the United States Supreme Court had unanimously decided the closely related case of Bush v... , 531 U.S. 98	December 11, 2000	December 12, 2000		1 2* 3 4*				2 3* 4*		1 2* 3 4*	1 2 3* 4
Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook Cty. v. Army Corps of Engineers Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook Cty. v. Army Corps of Engineers Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 531 U.S. 159 , was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States interpreting a provision of the Clean Water Act... , 531 U.S. 159	October 31, 2000	January 9, 2001
Glover v. United States Glover v. United States Glover v. United States, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case dealt with a technical question of law relating to whether a showing of prejudice in incorrect sentencing decisions is required for a correction of that sentence.-Background:Paul Glover was the Vice... , 531 U.S. 198	November 27, 2000	January 9, 2001
Gitlitz v. Commissioner Gitlitz v. Commissioner Gitlitz v. Commissioner, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned a technical question of tax law dealing with the tax attributes of an S corporation.-Background:... , 531 U.S. 206	November 27, 2000	January 9, 2001
Fiore v. White, 531 U.S. 225		January 9, 2001
Lopez v. Davis, 531 U.S. 230	October 30, 2000	January 10, 2001
Seling v. Young, 531 U.S. 250	October 31, 2000	January 17, 2001				1		1	2
City News & Novelty, Inc. v. Waukesha, 531 U.S. 278	November 28, 2000	January 17, 2001
District of Columbia v. Tri County Industries, Inc., 531 U.S. 287	January 10, 2001	January 17, 2001
Brentwood Academy v. Tenn. Secondary Sch. Athletic Assn. Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn. Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn., , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned whether the actions of a interscholastic sport-association that regulated sports among Tennessee schools could be regarded as a state actor for civil rights... , 531 U.S. 288	October 11, 2000	February 20, 2001
Director of Revenue of Mo. v. CoBank ACB Director of Revenue of Mo. v. CoBank ACB Director of Revenue of Mo. v. CoBank ACB, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned whether the National Cooperative Bank is exempt from state income tax requirements... , 531 U.S. 316	November 28, 2000	February 20, 2001
Illinois v. McArthur Illinois v. McArthur Illinois v. McArthur, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned the extent of the government’s power to limit an individual’s possessory interest in his or her home pending the arrival of a search warrant.... , 531 U.S. 326	November 1, 2000	February 20, 2001
Buckman Co. v. Plaintiffs' Legal Comm., 531 U.S. 341	December 4, 2000	February 21, 2001
Board of Trustees of Univ. of Ala. v. Garrett, 531 U.S. 356	October 11, 2000	February 21, 2001
Central Green Co. v. United States Central Green Co. v. United States Central Green Co. v. United States, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned the meaning of the words "flood or flood waters" within the Flood Control Act of 1928. The Court concluded that the law did not always apply to federal flood control... , 531 U.S. 425	October 30, 2000	February 21, 2001
Lewis v. Lewis & Clark Marine, Inc. Lewis v. Lewis & Clark Marine, Inc. Lewis v. Lewis & Clark Marine, Inc., , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned an injunction under the Limitation of Liability Act and whether a district court acted properly in dissolving it.-Background:... , 531 U.S. 438	November 29, 2000	February 21, 2001
Whitman v. American Trucking Assns., Inc., 531 U.S. 457	November 7, 2000	February 27, 2001		* 1				* 1	2		* 3
Semtek Int'l Inc. v. Lockheed Martin Corp., 531 U.S. 497	December 5, 2000	February 27, 2001
Cook v. Gralike Cook v. Gralike Cook v. Gralike, 531 U.S. 510 , was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that held unconstitutional an attempt by the state of Missouri to influence Congressional elections in favor of candidates that supported term limits.... , 531 U.S. 510	November 6, 2000	February 28, 2001	1		1		2	*	* 3
Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez, , was a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning the constitutionality of funding restrictions imposed by the United States Congress. At issue were restrictions on the Legal Services Corporation , a private, non-profit corporation established... , 531 U.S. 533	October 4, 2000	February 28, 2001
Department of Interior v. Klamath Water Users Protective Assn. Department of Interior v. Klamath Water Users Protective Assn. Department of Interior v. Klamath Water Users Protective Assn., , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned whether Exemption 5 of the Freedom of Information Act, which applies to "intra agency memoranda or letters", was applicable to documents within the Department... , 532 U.S. 1	January 10, 2001	March 5, 2001
Ohio v. Reiner, 532 U.S. 17		March 19, 2001
TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc. TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc. TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc., 532 U.S. 23 , was a United States Supreme Court decision in the area of trademark law, holding that a functional design could not be trademarked, and that a patented design was presumed to be functional.-Background:The plaintiff, Marketing Display,... , 532 U.S. 23	November 29, 2000	March 20, 2001
Shafer v. South Carolina Shafer v. South Carolina Shafer v. South Carolina, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned the ability of a defendant to tell the jury that, absent a penalty of death, a penalty of life imprisonment would not permit early release of a prisoner on parole. While the question had been... , 532 U.S. 36	January 9, 2001	March 20, 2001				1			2
Buford v. United States Buford v. United States Buford v. United States, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned whether federal appellate courts should give deferential or de novo review of certain Sentencing Guideline determinations made by a trial judge.... , 532 U.S. 59	January 8, 2001	March 20, 2001
Ferguson v. Charleston, 532 U.S. 67	October 4, 2000	March 21, 2001	*						*
Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Adams Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Adams Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Adams, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned whether the "section one exemption" of the Federal Arbitration Act applied to an employment contract of an employee at Circuit City Stores. The Court held that the exemption was limited... , 532 U.S. 105	November 6, 2000	March 21, 2001		1 2				1* 2		1 2	1 2
Egelhoff v. Egelhoff Egelhoff v. Egelhoff Egelhoff v. Egelhoff, 532 U.S. 141 , is a major decision of the Supreme Court of the United States on federalism, specifically with regards to the preemption powers of federal law over state laws. It sets the precedent that any state statutes having a "connection with" ERISA plans are superseded by... , 532 U.S. 141	November 8, 2000	March 21, 2001
Texas v. Cobb Texas v. Cobb Texas v. Cobb, , is an important 2001 Supreme Court criminal procedure decision which held that the Sixth Amendment right to counsel is offense-specific and does not always extend to offenses that are closely related to those where the right has been attached. This decision reaffirmed the Court's... , 532 U.S. 162	January 16, 2001	April 2, 2001
Lujan v. G & G Fire Sprinklers, Inc. Lujan v. G & G Fire Sprinklers, Inc. Lujan v. G & G Fire Sprinklers, Inc., , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned a provision of the California Labor Code which allowed the state to withhold payment to contractors or subcontracters if found in breach of contract, without a specific hearing on the... , 532 U.S. 189	February 26, 2001	April 17, 2001
United States v. Cleveland Indians Baseball Co. United States v. Cleveland Indians Baseball Co. United States v. Cleveland Indians Baseball Co. is a United States Supreme Court case that deals with the federal tax code. The question before the court was “Is back-pay subject to federal taxes under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act and the Federal Unemployment Tax Act, based on the year... , 532 U.S. 200	February 27, 2001	April 17, 2001
Shaw v. Murphy Shaw v. Murphy Shaw v. Murphy, 532 U.S. 234 is a decision of the United States Supreme Court rejecting the First Amendment right of prisoners to provide legal assistance to other prisoners.-Facts:... , 532 U.S. 223	January 16, 2001	April 18, 2001
Easley v. Cromartie Easley v. Cromartie Easley v. Cromartie, 532 US 234 was a U.S. Supreme Court case. The court's ruling on April 18, 2001 stated that redistricting for political reasons did not violate Federal Civil Rights Law banning race-based gerrymandering. Easley v. Cromartie, 532 US 234 (2001) was a U.S. Supreme Court case. ... , 532 U.S. 234	November 27, 2000	April 18, 2001
Clark County School Dist. v. Breeden, 532 U.S. 268		April 23, 2001
Alexander v. Sandoval Alexander v. Sandoval Alexander v. Sandoval, 532 U.S. 275 , was a United States Supreme Court decision which held that a regulation enacted under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 did not include a private right of action to allow private lawsuits based on evidence of disparate impact.-Background:In 1990 Alabama... , 532 U.S. 275	January 16, 2001	April 24, 2001
Atwater v. Lago Vista , 532 U.S. 318	December 4, 2000	April 24, 2001
Daniels v. United States Daniels v. United States Daniels v. United States, , was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the Armed Career Criminal Act of 1984. The Court ruled, in a 5-4 decision, that a defendant sentenced under that act could not challenge, on appeal, previous convictions that were used to increase his... , 532 U.S. 374	January 8, 2001	April 25, 2001		1	*	*		1		1	2
Lackawanna County District Attorney v. Coss, 532 U.S. 394	February 20, 2001	April 25, 2001		1	*	*		1		1	2
C & L Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizen Band of Potawatomi Tribe of Okla., 532 U.S. 411	March 19, 2001	April 30, 2001
Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman Tool Group, Inc., 532 U.S. 424	February 26, 2001	May 14, 2001				1			2
Rogers v. Tennessee Rogers v. Tennessee Rogers v. Tennessee, , was a U.S. Supreme Court case holding that the Tennessee Supreme Court's abolition of the common-law year and a day rule could apply retroactively to crimes committed before the court abolished the rule under the Due Process Clause of the United States Constitution... , 532 U.S. 451	November 1, 2000	May 14, 2001		1 2		2			2		2* 3
United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative In United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative, 532 U.S. 483 , the United States Supreme Court rejected the common-law medical necessity defense to crimes enacted under the federal Controlled Substances Act of 1970, regardless of their legal status under the laws of states such as... , 532 U.S. 483	March 28, 2001	May 14, 2001
Major League Baseball Players Assn. v. Garvey, 532 U.S. 504		May 14, 2001
Bartnicki v. Vopper Bartnicki v. Vopper Bartnicki v. Vopper, 532 U.S. 514 , is a United States Supreme Court case relieving a media defendant of liability for broadcasting a taped conversation of a labor official talking to other union people about a teachers' strike... , 532 U.S. 514	December 5, 2000	May 21, 2001
United States v. Hatter, 532 U.S. 557	February 20, 2001	May 21, 2001				* 1			2
Wharf (Holdings) Ltd. v. United Int'l Holdings, Inc. Wharf (Holdings) Ltd. v. United Int'l Holdings, Inc. Wharf Holdings Ltd. v. United Int'l Holdings, Inc., , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned a provision of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 dealing with manipulating and evading rules set by the SEC... , 532 U.S. 588	March 21, 2001	May 21, 2001
Buckhannon Bd. & Care Home v. W.V. Dept. of HHR, 532 U.S. 598	February 27, 2001	May 29, 2001
Atkinson Trading Co. v. Shirley, 532 U.S. 645	March 27, 2001	May 29, 2001
PGA TOUR, Inc. v. Martin PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin, 532 U.S. 661 , was a United States Supreme Court case in which disabled golfer Casey Martin asserted that the PGA Tour could not lawfully deny him the option to ride in a golf cart between shots. Prior to this case, the PGA Tour required all golfers to walk between shots,... , 532 U.S. 661	January 17, 2001	May 29, 2001
NLRB v. Kentucky River Community Care, Inc., 532 U.S. 706	February 21, 2001	May 29, 2001		*				*		*	*
Booth v. Churner Booth v. Churner Booth v. Churner, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned the extent to which a state prisoner must first utilize an administrative review process provided by the state, prior to filing a case in federal district court... , 532 U.S. 731	March 20, 2001	May 29, 2001
New Hampshire v. Maine New Hampshire v. Maine New Hampshire v. Maine, 426 U.S. 363 , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the boundary between the states of New Hampshire and Maine was fixed by the 1740 decree of King George II of Great Britain. Both sides entered into a consent decree which was accepted the... , 532 U.S. 742	April 16, 2001	May 29, 2001
Becker v. Montgomery, 523 U.S. 757	April 16, 2001	May 29, 2001
Arkansas v. Sullivan, 523 U.S. 769		May 29, 2001
Florida v. Thomas Florida v. Thomas Florida v. Thomas, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case brought to the court concerned the extent of the Court's earlier decision in New York v. Belton, concerning whether a person was in custodial custody, a determination central to allowing evidence seized in an... , 532 U.S. 774	April 25, 2001	June 4, 2001
Penry v. Johnson Penry v. Johnson Penry v. Johnson, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned whether instructions given to a Texas jury were constitutionally adequate to emphasize the mitigating factor in sentencing of mental retardation... , 532 U.S. 782	March 27, 2001	June 4, 2001	*			*			*
Norfolk Shipbuilding & Drylock Corp. v. Garris, 532 U.S. 811	April 18, 2001	June 4, 2001						*		*	*
United Dominion Industries, Inc. v. United States, 532 U.S. 822	March 26, 2001	June 4, 2001
Pollard v. E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., 532 U.S. 843	April 23, 2001	June 4, 2001
Kansas v. Colorado Kansas v. Colorado Kansas v. Colorado is a longstanding litigation before the Supreme Court of the United States between two states of the United States, Kansas and Colorado. The Court has rendered numerous opinions in this case:* Kansas v. Colorado, * Kansas v. Colorado,... , 533 U.S. 1	March 19, 2001	June 11, 2001			*	*			*
Kyllo v. United States Kyllo v. United States Kyllo v. United States, , held that the use of a thermal imaging device from a public vantage point to monitor the radiation of heat from a person's home was a "search" within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment, and thus required a warrant... , 533 U.S. 27	February 20, 2001	June 11, 2001
Tuan Anh Nguyen v. INS, 533 U.S. 53	January 9, 2001	June 11, 2001
Good News Club v. Milford Central School Good News Club v. Milford Central School Good News Club v. Milford Central School, , held that when a government operates a "limited public forum," it may not discriminate against speech that takes place within that forum on the basis of the viewpoint it expresses—in this case, against religious speech engaged in by an evangelical... , 533 U.S. 98	February 28, 2001	June 11, 2001		1		1		2		2	* 2
Alabama v. Bozeman Alabama v. Bozeman Alabama v. Bozeman, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned a state that wanted to prosecute a person who was already serving a criminal sentence for a different crime in a different state.-Background:... , 533 U.S. 146	April 17, 2001	June 11, 2001				*			*
Cedric Kushner Promotions, Ltd. v. King Cedric Kushner Promotions, Ltd. v. King Cedric Kushner Promotions, Ltd. v. King, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned the extent to which the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act applied to certain types of corporation-individual organizations... , 533 U.S. 158	April 18, 2001	June 11, 2001
Duncan v. Walker, 533 U.S. 167	March 26, 2001	June 18, 2001		1				1 2
Saucier v. Katz Saucier v. Katz Saucier v. Katz, , was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court in which the court considered the qualified immunity of a police officer to a civil rights case brought through a Bivens action.-Background:... , 533 U.S. 194	March 20, 2001	June 18, 2001						*
United States v. Mead Corp. United States v. Mead Corp. United States v. Mead Corp., , was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court, which revolved around the issue of when and where the Chevron Doctrine could be applied.-Background:... , 533 U.S. 218	November 8, 2000	June 18, 2001
Idaho v. United States Idaho v. United States Idaho v. United States, 533 U.S. 262 , was an important U.S. Supreme Court precedent regarding aboriginal title in the United States and the equal footing doctrine. The suit was a companion case to Idaho v. Coeur d'Alene Tribe of Idaho , where the court held that the Coeur d'Alene Tribe's suit... , 533 U.S. 262	April 23, 2001	June 18, 2001
INS v. St. Cyr, 533 U.S. 289	April 24, 2001	June 25, 2001	2		1 2	2			2
Calcano-Martinez v. INS, 533 U.S. 348	April 24, 2001	June 25, 2001	2		1	2			2
Nevada v. Hicks Nevada v. Hicks Nevada v. Hicks, , is a United States Supreme Court case regarding the jurisdiction of Tribal Courts over local Native Americans.- Background :Hicks was a member of the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribes of western Nevada and lived on tribal land... , 533 U.S. 353	March 21, 2001	June 25, 2001		1 2	2		3	3	3	4	1 2
United States v. United Foods, Inc., 533 U.S. 405	April 17, 2001	June 25, 2001		1	*				2
FEC v. Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Comm., 533 U.S. 431	February 28, 2001	June 25, 2001	*
New York Times Co. v. Tasini New York Times Co. v. Tasini New York Times Co. v. Tasini, 533 U.S. 483 , is a leading decision by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of copyright in the contents of a newspaper database... , 533 U.S. 483	March 28, 2001	June 25, 2001
Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly, 533 U.S. 525	April 25, 2001	June 28, 2001		* 1		* 1	* 1	* 1* 2	* 2	* 1	* 1
Palazzolo v. Rhode Island Palazzolo v. Rhode Island Palazzolo v. Rhode Island, 533 U.S. 606 , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that a claimant does not waive his right to challenge a regulation as an uncompensated regulatory taking by purchasing property after the enactment of the regulation... , 533 U.S. 606	February 26, 2001	June 28, 2001		*	1	2		1		1	1 2
Tyler v. Cain, 533 U.S. 656	April 16, 2001	June 28, 2001
Zadvydas v. Davis Zadvydas v. Davis Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678 , was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that held that indefinite detention of unremovable admitted immigrants under the plenary power doctrine was subject to Constitutional limitations... , 533 U.S. 678	February 21, 2001	June 28, 2001	2			1 2*	2		1 2*
Case name	Argued	Decided	Rehnquist	Stevens	O'Connor	Scalia	Kennedy	Souter	Thomas	Ginsburg	Breyer

2000 term membership and statistics

This was the fifteenth term of Chief Justice Rehnquist's tenure, and the seventh consecutive term in which the Court's membership had not changed.

Justice	Appointed by	Date confirmed	% Majority	Opinions filed
Chief Justice Chief Justice of the United States The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the United States federal court system and the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight are the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States...  William H. Rehnquist	Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan was the 40th President of the United States , the 33rd Governor of California and, prior to that, a radio, film and television actor....  (as Chief Justice) Richard M. Nixon (as Associate Justice)	(CJ) September 26, 1986 (AJ) January 7, 1972	83.7%	9 2 0 3 Total=14
Associate Justice Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States...  John Paul Stevens John Paul Stevens John Paul Stevens served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from December 19, 1975 until his retirement on June 29, 2010. At the time of his retirement, he was the oldest member of the Court and the third-longest serving justice in the Court's history...	Gerald Ford Gerald Ford Gerald Rudolph "Jerry" Ford, Jr. was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974...	December 19, 1975	70.9%	9 6 3 13 Total=31
Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor Sandra Day O'Connor Sandra Day O'Connor is an American jurist who was the first female member of the Supreme Court of the United States. She served as an Associate Justice from 1981 until her retirement from the Court in 2006. O'Connor was appointed by President Ronald Reagan in 1981...	Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan was the 40th President of the United States , the 33rd Governor of California and, prior to that, a radio, film and television actor....	September 25, 1981	90.5%	9 3 1 4 Total=17
Associate Justice Antonin Scalia Antonin Scalia Antonin Gregory Scalia is an American jurist who serves as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. As the longest-serving justice on the Court, Scalia is the Senior Associate Justice...	Ronald Reagan	September 26, 1986	79.1%	8 10 1 9 Total=28
Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy Anthony Kennedy Anthony McLeod Kennedy is an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, having been appointed by President Ronald Reagan in 1988. Since the retirement of Sandra Day O'Connor, Kennedy has often been the swing vote on many of the Court's politically charged 5–4 decisions...	Ronald Reagan	February 18, 1988	91.9%	9 5 0 1 Total=15
Associate Justice David Souter David Souter David Hackett Souter is a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He served from 1990 until his retirement on June 29, 2009. Appointed by President George H. W. Bush to fill the seat vacated by William J...	George H. W. Bush George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States . He had previously served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States , a congressman, an ambassador, and Director of Central Intelligence.Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to...	October 9, 1990	80.0%	8 4 2 5 Total=19
Associate Justice Clarence Thomas Clarence Thomas Clarence Thomas is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Succeeding Thurgood Marshall, Thomas is the second African American to serve on the Court....	George H. W. Bush	October 23, 1991	80.2%	7 7 2 5 Total=21
Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg Ruth Bader Ginsburg Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Ginsburg was appointed by President Bill Clinton and took the oath of office on August 10, 1993. She is the second female justice and the first Jewish female justice.She is generally viewed as belonging to...	Bill Clinton Bill Clinton William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation...	August 10, 1993	76.7%	9 6 1 4 Total=20
Associate Justice Stephen Breyer Stephen Breyer Stephen Gerald Breyer is an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Appointed by President Bill Clinton in 1994, and known for his pragmatic approach to constitutional law, Breyer is generally associated with the more liberal side of the Court....	Bill Clinton	August 3, 1994	74.1%	9 3 0 12 Total=24
Notes on statistics: A justice is only included in the majority if they joined or concurred in the Court's judgment in full. Percentages are based only on the cases in which a justice participated, and are rounded to the nearest tenth of a percent. The opinion counts only include the bench opinions listed above; opinions relating to orders and in-chambers opinions are not included.