1859 in France
Encyclopedia
See also:
1858 in France
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other events of 1859,
1860 in France
.
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Events from the year 1859 in France
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1858 in France
1858 in France
See also:1857 in France,other events of 1858,1859 in France.----Events from the year 1858 in France.-Events:*14 January - Felice Orsini and his accomplices fail to assassinate Napoleon III in Paris but their bombs kill 156 bystanders...
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other events of 1859,
1860 in France
1860 in France
See also:1859 in France,other events of 1860,1861 in France.----Events from the year 1860 in France.-Events:*23 January - Cobden-Chevalier Treaty Free Trade treaty is signed between the United Kingdom and France....
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Events from the year 1859 in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
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Events
- 26 March - A French amateur astronomer claims to have noticed a planet closer to the Sun than Mercury - later named Vulcan.
- 23 April - Austria issues an ultimatum seeking the complete de-militarization of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
- 29 April - Second Italian War of IndependenceSecond Italian War of IndependenceThe Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, Austro-Sardinian War, or Austro-Piedmontese War , was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia against the Austrian Empire in 1859...
begins, when Austrian ultimatum is ignored. - 14 May - Napoleon III arrives in AlessandriaAlessandria-Monuments:* The Citadel * The church of Santa Maria di Castello * The church of Santa Maria del Carmine * Palazzo Ghilini * Università del Piemonte Orientale-Museums:* The Marengo Battle Museum...
, taking command of the operations. - 20 May - Battle of MontebelloBattle of Montebello (1859)The Battle of Montebello was fought on May 20, 1859 at Montebello . It was a minor engagement of the Second Italian War of Independence, fought between Piedmontese cavalry and French infantry against Austrian troops. The Austrian defeat, despite the greater number, was another sign that Austrian...
, Piedmontese cavalry and French infantry defeat Austrian troops. - 30 May - Battle of PalestroBattle of PalestroThe Battle of Palestro was fought on 30/31 May 1859 between the Austrian Empire and the combined forces of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont and France. The Franco-Piedmontese forces were victorious...
, French-Sardinian victory. - 4 June - Battle of MagentaBattle of MagentaThe Battle of Magenta was fought on June 4, 1859 during the Second Italian War of Independence, resulting in a French-Sardinian victory under Napoleon III against the Austrians under Marshal Ferencz Gyulai....
, French-Sardinian victory under Napoleon III against the AustriansAustrian EmpireThe Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
. - 24 June - Battle of SolferinoBattle of SolferinoThe Battle of Solferino, , was fought on June 24, 1859 and resulted in the victory of the allied French Army under Napoleon III and Sardinian Army under Victor Emmanuel II against the Austrian Army under Emperor Franz Joseph I; it was the last major battle in world...
, French-Sardinian victory. - 30 June - Charles BlondinCharles BlondinJean François Gravelet-Blondin was a French tightrope walker and acrobat.-Life:Blondin was born on 24 February 1824 at St Omer, Pas-de-Calais, France. His real name was Jean-François Gravelet, and he was known also by the names Charles Blondin or Jean-François Blondin, or more simply "The Great...
crosses Niagara FallsNiagara FallsThe Niagara Falls, located on the Niagara River draining Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, is the collective name for the Horseshoe Falls and the adjacent American Falls along with the comparatively small Bridal Veil Falls, which combined form the highest flow rate of any waterfalls in the world and has...
on a tightrope for the first time. - 12 July - Armistice of Villafranca ends the Second Italian War of IndependenceSecond Italian War of IndependenceThe Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, Austro-Sardinian War, or Austro-Piedmontese War , was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia against the Austrian Empire in 1859...
. - 24 November - The French Navy's La Gloire ("Glory"), the first ocean-going ironclad warship in history, is launched.
Births
- 15 May - Pierre CuriePierre CuriePierre Curie was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity, and Nobel laureate. He was the son of Dr. Eugène Curie and Sophie-Claire Depouilly Curie ...
, physicistPhysicsPhysics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
, shared the 1903 Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
in physics (d.19061906 in FranceSee also:1905 in France,other events of 1906,1907 in France.----Events from the year 1906 in France.-Events:*16 January - Algeciras Conference begins, to mediate the First Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany....
). - 3 September - Jean JaurèsJean JaurèsJean Léon Jaurès was a French Socialist leader. Initially an Opportunist Republican, he evolved into one of the first social democrats, becoming the leader, in 1902, of the French Socialist Party, which opposed Jules Guesde's revolutionary Socialist Party of France. Both parties merged in 1905 in...
, socialist and pacifist (assassinated) (d.19141914 in FranceSee also:1913 in France,other events of 1914,1915 in France.----Events from the year 1914 in France.-Events:*16 March - Wife of French minister Joseph Caillaux shoots Gaston Calmette, the editor of Le Figaro because he threatened to publish Caillaux's love letters to her during his previous marriage...
). - 9 October - Alfred DreyfusAlfred DreyfusAlfred Dreyfus was a French artillery officer of Jewish background whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became one of the most tense political dramas in modern French and European history...
, military officer (see: Dreyfus AffairDreyfus AffairThe Dreyfus affair was a political scandal that divided France in the 1890s and the early 1900s. It involved the conviction for treason in November 1894 of Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a young French artillery officer of Alsatian Jewish descent...
) (d.19351935 in France1934 in France,other events of 1935,1936 in France.----Events from the year 1935 in France.-Events:*4 January - Foreign Minister Pierre Laval went to Rome to meet Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini....
). - 18 October - Henri BergsonHenri BergsonHenri-Louis Bergson was a major French philosopher, influential especially in the first half of the 20th century. Bergson convinced many thinkers that immediate experience and intuition are more significant than rationalism and science for understanding reality.He was awarded the 1927 Nobel Prize...
, philosopher (d.19411941 in FranceSee also:1940 in France,other events of 1941,1942 in France.----Events from the year 1941 in France.-Events:*17 January - Battle of Koh Chang...
). - 2 December - Georges-Pierre SeuratGeorges-Pierre SeuratGeorges-Pierre Seurat was a French Post-Impressionist painter and draftsman. He is noted for his innovative use of drawing media and for devising a technique of painting known as pointillism...
, painter (d.18911891 in FranceSee also:1890 in France,other events of 1891,1892 in France.----Events from the year 1891 in France.-Events:*1 May - Nine killed and thirty wounded when troops fire on workers' May Day demonstration in support of eight-hour workday in Fourmies....
). - 17 December - Paul César HelleuPaul César HelleuPaul César Helleu was a French artist best known for his portraits of many of the most famous and beautiful women of his time including the Duchess of Marlborough, the Countess of Greffulhe, the Marchesa Casati and Belle da Costa Greene.-Biography:He was born in Vannes, Brittany, France...
, artist (d.19271927 in FranceSee also:1926 in France,other events of 1927,1928 in France.----Events from the year 1927 in France.-Events:*20 May-21 May - First solo non-stop Trans-Atlantic flight from New York to Paris by Charles Lindbergh....
).
Deaths
- 18 March - Jean Louis LassaigneJean Louis LassaigneJean Louis Lassaigne was a French chemist. He is best known for the sodium fusion test named after him.-Early life:...
, chemistChemistA chemist is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties such as density and acidity. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms...
(b.18001800 in FranceSee also:1799 in France,other events of 1800,1801 in France.----Events from the year 1800 in France.-Events:*January - Constitutional Referendum held which ratified a new constitution.*13 February - Foundation of the Banque de France....
). - 16 April - Alexis de TocquevilleAlexis de TocquevilleAlexis-Charles-Henri Clérel de Tocqueville was a French political thinker and historian best known for his Democracy in America and The Old Regime and the Revolution . In both of these works, he explored the effects of the rising equality of social conditions on the individual and the state in...
, political thinker and historian (b.18051805 in FranceSee also:1804 in France,other events of 1805,1806 in France.----Events from the year 1805 in France.-Events:*22 July - Battle of Cape Finisterre, British defeat of Franco-Spanish fleet....
). - 5 July - Charles Cagniard de la TourCharles Cagniard de la TourCharles Cagniard de la Tour was a French engineer and physicist.-Biography:Charles Cagniard was born in Paris, and after attending the École Polytechnique became one of the ingénieurs géographiques. He was made a baron in 1818...
, engineer and physicist (b.1777). - 23 July - Marceline Desbordes-ValmoreMarceline Desbordes-ValmoreMarceline Desbordes-Valmore was a French poet.She was born in Douai. Following the French Revolution, her family emigrated to Guadeloupe. In 1817 she married her second husband, the actor Prosper Lanchantin-Valmore....
, poet (b.1786). - 7 November - Auguste Hilarion, comte de KératryAuguste Hilarion, comte de KératryAuguste Hilarion, comte de Kératry , was a French poet, novelist, short story writer, literary critic, historian, and politician. He was the father of Emile de Kératry.-Life:...
, poet, novelist, historian and politician (b.17691769 in FranceSee also:1768 in France,other events of 1769,1770 in France.----Events from the year 1769 in France.-Events:*8 May - Battle of Ponte Novu begins between royal French forces and the native Corsicans....
). - 19 November - Charles-Gaspard Delestre-PoirsonCharles-Gaspard Delestre-PoirsonCharles-Gaspard Delestre-Poirson Auguste-Simon-Jean-Chrysostome Poirson, known as Delestre-Poirson was a French playwright and theatre director....
, playwright and theatre director (b.1790).