Zhao Xing
Encyclopedia
Zhao Xing was the forth ruler of the kingdom of Nanyue
(Vietnamese: Nam Việt). His rule began in 115 BC and ended with his death in 112 BC. In Vietnamese history, he is considered a king of Vietnam.
Zhao Xing was the second son of King Zhao Yingqi
, and his mother was a Han Chinese
woman called Jiushi (樛氏). In 135 BC, Zhao Yingqi was sent to Han court by King Zhao Mo of Nanyue, to serve as Emperor Wu
's guard (宿衛, Sù wèi). Before leaving for Chang'an
, Zhao Yingqi had married a Yue woman and had his eldest son Zhao Jiande
. While in Chang'an, he got married with Jiushi, and had his second son Zhao Xing.
After Zhao Yingqi assumed the Nanyue throne, he appointed Zhao Xing as Crown Price instead of his eldest son Zhao Jiande, despiting the Primogeniture
custom. When Zhao Yingqi died, Zhao Xing successfully succeeded his father as king, and his mother Jiushi became Queen Dowager.
In 113 BC, Emperor Wu of Han
sent Anguo Shaoji (安國少季) to Nanyue summon Zhao Xing and Queen Dowager Jiu to Chang'an for an audience with the Emperor. The Queen Dowager was regarded as a foreigner by Nanyue people, and it was widely rumored that the Queen Dowager had an illicit relationship with Anguo Shaoji before she married Zhao Yingqi
.
The prime minister Lữ Gia (呂嘉) held the military power at that time, and Lü Jia's fame was overshadowing the Queen Dowager. According to Shiji and Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Lü Jia was chief of a Lạc Việt tribe, and over 70 of his kinsmen serverd as officials in various parts of Nanyue government. Fearful of losing her position of authority, Queen Dowager decided to fully submit to Han Dynasty
, and came into great conflict with Lü Jia and other ministers. After reached news of the situation in 112 BC, Emperor Wu dispatched Han Qianqiu (韓千秋) with 2000 soldiers to arrest Lü Jia. During this time. Lü Jia conducted a coup d'état, killing Zhao Xing , Queen Dowager Jiu and all the Han emissaries in the capital. After the coup d'état, Lu Jia crowned Prince Zhao Jiande
as new king, and declared war on Han Dynasty.
The Temple name
of Zhao Xing was not mentioned in both Shiji and Hanshu. But according to Vietnamese historical text Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Zhao Xing's Posthumous name
was Ai Vương (哀王, pinyin: Āi Wáng).
Nanyue
Nanyue was an ancient kingdom that consisted of parts of the modern Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan and northern Vietnam. Nanyue was established in 204 BC at the final collapse of the Qin Dynasty by Zhao Tuo, who was the military commander of Nanhai Commandery at the time, and...
(Vietnamese: Nam Việt). His rule began in 115 BC and ended with his death in 112 BC. In Vietnamese history, he is considered a king of Vietnam.
Zhao Xing was the second son of King Zhao Yingqi
Zhao Yingqi
Zhao Yingqi was the third ruler of the kingdom of Nanyue . His rule began in 122 BC and ended with his death in 115 BC. In Vietnamese history, he is considered a king of Vietnam.Zhao Yingqi was the eldest son of King Zhao Mo of Nanyue...
, and his mother was a Han Chinese
Han Chinese
Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
woman called Jiushi (樛氏). In 135 BC, Zhao Yingqi was sent to Han court by King Zhao Mo of Nanyue, to serve as Emperor Wu
Emperor Wu of Han
Emperor Wu of Han , , personal name Liu Che , was the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty of China, ruling from 141 BC to 87 BC. Emperor Wu is best remembered for the vast territorial expansion that occurred under his reign, as well as the strong and centralized Confucian state he organized...
's guard (宿衛, Sù wèi). Before leaving for Chang'an
Chang'an
Chang'an is an ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an. Chang'an literally means "Perpetual Peace" in Classical Chinese. During the short-lived Xin Dynasty, the city was renamed "Constant Peace" ; yet after its fall in AD 23, the old name was restored...
, Zhao Yingqi had married a Yue woman and had his eldest son Zhao Jiande
Zhao Jiande
Zhao Jiande was the last king of the Nanyue Kingdom. His rule began in 112 BC and ended in the next year....
. While in Chang'an, he got married with Jiushi, and had his second son Zhao Xing.
After Zhao Yingqi assumed the Nanyue throne, he appointed Zhao Xing as Crown Price instead of his eldest son Zhao Jiande, despiting the Primogeniture
Primogeniture
Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings . Historically, the term implied male primogeniture, to the exclusion of females...
custom. When Zhao Yingqi died, Zhao Xing successfully succeeded his father as king, and his mother Jiushi became Queen Dowager.
In 113 BC, Emperor Wu of Han
Emperor Wu of Han
Emperor Wu of Han , , personal name Liu Che , was the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty of China, ruling from 141 BC to 87 BC. Emperor Wu is best remembered for the vast territorial expansion that occurred under his reign, as well as the strong and centralized Confucian state he organized...
sent Anguo Shaoji (安國少季) to Nanyue summon Zhao Xing and Queen Dowager Jiu to Chang'an for an audience with the Emperor. The Queen Dowager was regarded as a foreigner by Nanyue people, and it was widely rumored that the Queen Dowager had an illicit relationship with Anguo Shaoji before she married Zhao Yingqi
Zhao Yingqi
Zhao Yingqi was the third ruler of the kingdom of Nanyue . His rule began in 122 BC and ended with his death in 115 BC. In Vietnamese history, he is considered a king of Vietnam.Zhao Yingqi was the eldest son of King Zhao Mo of Nanyue...
.
The prime minister Lữ Gia (呂嘉) held the military power at that time, and Lü Jia's fame was overshadowing the Queen Dowager. According to Shiji and Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Lü Jia was chief of a Lạc Việt tribe, and over 70 of his kinsmen serverd as officials in various parts of Nanyue government. Fearful of losing her position of authority, Queen Dowager decided to fully submit to Han Dynasty
Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms . It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty of the former regent Wang Mang...
, and came into great conflict with Lü Jia and other ministers. After reached news of the situation in 112 BC, Emperor Wu dispatched Han Qianqiu (韓千秋) with 2000 soldiers to arrest Lü Jia. During this time. Lü Jia conducted a coup d'état, killing Zhao Xing , Queen Dowager Jiu and all the Han emissaries in the capital. After the coup d'état, Lu Jia crowned Prince Zhao Jiande
Zhao Jiande
Zhao Jiande was the last king of the Nanyue Kingdom. His rule began in 112 BC and ended in the next year....
as new king, and declared war on Han Dynasty.
The Temple name
Temple name
Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean , and Vietnamese royalty. They should not be confused with era names. Compared to posthumous names, the use of temple names is more exclusive...
of Zhao Xing was not mentioned in both Shiji and Hanshu. But according to Vietnamese historical text Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Zhao Xing's Posthumous name
Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty, nobles, and sometimes others, in East Asia after the person's death, and is used almost exclusively instead of one's personal name or other official titles during his life...
was Ai Vương (哀王, pinyin: Āi Wáng).