Zhao Jiande
Encyclopedia
Zhao Jiande was the last king of the Nanyue Kingdom
. His rule began in 112 BC and ended in the next year.
Zhao Jiande was the eldest son of King Zhao Yingqi
, his mother was a Yue woman. Zhao Yingqi was sent to Han court
by King Zhao Mo to serve as Emperor Wu
's guard (宿衛, Sù wèi) in 135 BC, he also married a Han Chinese
woman called Jiushi (樛氏) there, and had his second son Zhao Xing.
After assuming the Nanyue kingship, Zhao Yingqi appointed Zhao Xing as Crown Price instead of his eldest son Zhao Jiande. Zhao Yingqi died in 113 BC, Zhao Xing
succeeded as king. Zhao Jiande was titled "Maquis of Shuyang" (術陽侯) by his younger brother.
During Zhao Xing's reign, Emperor Wu of Han
sent missions to Nanyue summon Zhao Xing to Han court for an audience with the Emperor. Zhao Xing decided to submit the Han court rule, but the prime minister Lü Jia (呂嘉), who held the military power at that time, didn't want to. So Emperor Wu dispatched Han Qianqiu (韓千秋) with 2000 soldiers to arrest Lü Jia. After reached the news, Lü Jia conducted a coup d'état, killing Zhao Xing and all of his supporters in 112 BC. Zhao Jiande was crowned as the new king of Nanyue, and declared war on Han court.
The 2000 men led by Han Qianqiu was attacked by Nanyue soldiers along the Han-Nanyue border, ended with a near annihilation of the Han force, which greatly shocked and angered Emperor Wu. Emperor Wu sent 100 thousand men to attack Nanyue, and captured Panyu (番禺, modern Guangzhou
), the capital of Nanyue in the next year. Zhao Jiande and Lü Jia fled the city by boat, heading east to appeal for Minyue's aid, but the Han generals learned of their escape, and sent troops after them. Both Zhao Jiande and Lü Jia were caught and executed, their heads were sent to the emperor.
Neither Shiji nor Hanshu had mentioned his Temple name
, but his Posthumous name
was mentioned in some Vietnamese historical texts. He was called Dương Vương (陽王) in Việt Nam sử lược
, Thuật Dương Vương (術陽王) in Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, and Vệ Dương vương (衛陽王) in Đại Việt sử lược
.
Nanyue
Nanyue was an ancient kingdom that consisted of parts of the modern Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan and northern Vietnam. Nanyue was established in 204 BC at the final collapse of the Qin Dynasty by Zhao Tuo, who was the military commander of Nanhai Commandery at the time, and...
. His rule began in 112 BC and ended in the next year.
Zhao Jiande was the eldest son of King Zhao Yingqi
Zhao Yingqi
Zhao Yingqi was the third ruler of the kingdom of Nanyue . His rule began in 122 BC and ended with his death in 115 BC. In Vietnamese history, he is considered a king of Vietnam.Zhao Yingqi was the eldest son of King Zhao Mo of Nanyue...
, his mother was a Yue woman. Zhao Yingqi was sent to Han court
Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms . It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty of the former regent Wang Mang...
by King Zhao Mo to serve as Emperor Wu
Emperor Wu of Han
Emperor Wu of Han , , personal name Liu Che , was the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty of China, ruling from 141 BC to 87 BC. Emperor Wu is best remembered for the vast territorial expansion that occurred under his reign, as well as the strong and centralized Confucian state he organized...
's guard (宿衛, Sù wèi) in 135 BC, he also married a Han Chinese
Han Chinese
Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
woman called Jiushi (樛氏) there, and had his second son Zhao Xing.
After assuming the Nanyue kingship, Zhao Yingqi appointed Zhao Xing as Crown Price instead of his eldest son Zhao Jiande. Zhao Yingqi died in 113 BC, Zhao Xing
Zhao Xing
Zhao Xing , was the forth ruler of the kingdom of Nanyue . His rule began in 115 BC and ended with his death in 112 BC...
succeeded as king. Zhao Jiande was titled "Maquis of Shuyang" (術陽侯) by his younger brother.
During Zhao Xing's reign, Emperor Wu of Han
Emperor Wu of Han
Emperor Wu of Han , , personal name Liu Che , was the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty of China, ruling from 141 BC to 87 BC. Emperor Wu is best remembered for the vast territorial expansion that occurred under his reign, as well as the strong and centralized Confucian state he organized...
sent missions to Nanyue summon Zhao Xing to Han court for an audience with the Emperor. Zhao Xing decided to submit the Han court rule, but the prime minister Lü Jia (呂嘉), who held the military power at that time, didn't want to. So Emperor Wu dispatched Han Qianqiu (韓千秋) with 2000 soldiers to arrest Lü Jia. After reached the news, Lü Jia conducted a coup d'état, killing Zhao Xing and all of his supporters in 112 BC. Zhao Jiande was crowned as the new king of Nanyue, and declared war on Han court.
The 2000 men led by Han Qianqiu was attacked by Nanyue soldiers along the Han-Nanyue border, ended with a near annihilation of the Han force, which greatly shocked and angered Emperor Wu. Emperor Wu sent 100 thousand men to attack Nanyue, and captured Panyu (番禺, modern Guangzhou
Guangzhou
Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port...
), the capital of Nanyue in the next year. Zhao Jiande and Lü Jia fled the city by boat, heading east to appeal for Minyue's aid, but the Han generals learned of their escape, and sent troops after them. Both Zhao Jiande and Lü Jia were caught and executed, their heads were sent to the emperor.
Neither Shiji nor Hanshu had mentioned his Temple name
Temple name
Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean , and Vietnamese royalty. They should not be confused with era names. Compared to posthumous names, the use of temple names is more exclusive...
, but his Posthumous name
Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty, nobles, and sometimes others, in East Asia after the person's death, and is used almost exclusively instead of one's personal name or other official titles during his life...
was mentioned in some Vietnamese historical texts. He was called Dương Vương (陽王) in Việt Nam sử lược
Việt Nam sử lược
Việt Nam sử lược was the first Quoc Ngu history text compiled by Vietnamese historian Trần Trọng Kim. It covered the period from Hồng Bàng Dynasty to the time of French Indochina. The book was first published in 1921 and reprinted many times to this day...
, Thuật Dương Vương (術陽王) in Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, and Vệ Dương vương (衛陽王) in Đại Việt sử lược
Đại Việt sử lược
The Đại Việt sử lược or Việt sử lược is an historical text that was compiled during the Trần Dynasty. The 3-volume book was finished around 1377 and covered the history of Vietnam from the reign of Triệu Đà to the collapse of the Lý Dynasty...
.