Yingjiang County
Encyclopedia
Yingjiang County is a county in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, southwestern China.
, Myanmar
in the west. Danzha River (胆扎河) (Dănzhá Hé) and Binglangjiang River (槟榔江) (Bīnglángjiāng) meet each other near Jiucheng (舊城) (Jiùchéng) and change the name to Dayingjiang (大盈江) (Dàyíngjiāng). Then the Dayingjiang River runs through Yingjiang county into Myanmar and then becomes a tributary of the Irrawaddy River, with the confluence near Bhamo
, Myanmar. Dayingjiang is also spelled as Ta Ying Chiang. The western part of Dayingjiang River is also known as the Taping River (太平江) (Tàipíngjiāng) in some modern western documents.
Yingjiang county is mountainous with several alluvial plains. The county has various climate types, with ranges from the tropical, the subtropical, to the temperate zones. Intact forests can be seen in the mountains above 2000m. The elevations vary between 210m and 3404.6m.
Yingjiang is abundant in hydroelectric, forest, and geothermal resources. There are 21 hot springs, 6 of which are above 90°C. Most of the hot springs are distributed within the Dayingjiang river system.
(益州郡) (Yìzhōu jùn) in the Western Han dynasty. During the Eastern Han, the Shu Han
, the Western Jin, and the Eastern Jin, it was governed by Ailao county (哀牢縣) (Āiláo xiàn), Yongchang Prefecture (永昌郡) (Yŏngchāng jùn), and then by Xicheng county (西城縣) (Xīchéng xiàn) from the Southern Qi
dynasty in 479.
Actually, from 320s on, the Cuan (爨) (Cuàn) family began to control Yunnan. China was very unstable during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the central governments had no force to control Yunnan. The Cuan family took the strategy by which they recognized the nominal sovereignty of the central governments while remaining themselves as the real local rulers. In this way, the Cuan family had controlled Yunnan for more than 400 years until it was conquered by Nanzhao in 769.
Yingjiang was ruled by Nanzhao and later by Dali
from the 8th to the 13th century and hence was not governed by China during the Tang dynasty
and the Song dynasty
. It was conquered by the Mongols
and again became part of the Chinese territory. During the Ming dynasty
and the Qing dynasty
, Yingjiang was governed by local chiefs under the "Tusi system" (土司制度) (Tŭsī Zhìdù), i.e. the Native Chieftain system, in which the central government had the nominal sovereignty.
Geography
Yingjiang county has a border of 214.6 km with Kachin StateKachin State
Kachin State , is the northernmost state of Burma. It is bordered by China to the north and east; Shan State to the south; and Sagaing Division and India to the west. It lies between north latitude 23° 27' and 28° 25' longitude 96° 0' and 98° 44'. The area of Kachin State is . The capital of the...
, Myanmar
Myanmar
Burma , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , is a country in Southeast Asia. Burma is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, the Bay of Bengal to the southwest, and the Andaman Sea on the south....
in the west. Danzha River (胆扎河) (Dănzhá Hé) and Binglangjiang River (槟榔江) (Bīnglángjiāng) meet each other near Jiucheng (舊城) (Jiùchéng) and change the name to Dayingjiang (大盈江) (Dàyíngjiāng). Then the Dayingjiang River runs through Yingjiang county into Myanmar and then becomes a tributary of the Irrawaddy River, with the confluence near Bhamo
Bhamo
Bhamo is a city of Kachin State in northernmost part of Myanmar, located 186 km south from the capital city of Myitkyina. It is on the Ayeyarwady River. It lies within 65 km of the border with Yunnan Province, China. The population consists of Chinese and Shan, with Kachin peoples in...
, Myanmar. Dayingjiang is also spelled as Ta Ying Chiang. The western part of Dayingjiang River is also known as the Taping River (太平江) (Tàipíngjiāng) in some modern western documents.
Yingjiang county is mountainous with several alluvial plains. The county has various climate types, with ranges from the tropical, the subtropical, to the temperate zones. Intact forests can be seen in the mountains above 2000m. The elevations vary between 210m and 3404.6m.
Yingjiang is abundant in hydroelectric, forest, and geothermal resources. There are 21 hot springs, 6 of which are above 90°C. Most of the hot springs are distributed within the Dayingjiang river system.
History
Yingjiang county became part of Chinese territory for the first time in the Western Han dynasty. It was under control of Yizhou PrefectureKunming
' is the capital and largest city of Yunnan Province in Southwest China. It was known as Yunnan-Fou until the 1920s. A prefecture-level city, it is the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of Yunnan, and is the seat of the provincial government...
(益州郡) (Yìzhōu jùn) in the Western Han dynasty. During the Eastern Han, the Shu Han
Shu Han
Shu Han was one of the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period, after the fall of the Han Dynasty. The state was based on areas around Sichuan, which was then known as Shu...
, the Western Jin, and the Eastern Jin, it was governed by Ailao county (哀牢縣) (Āiláo xiàn), Yongchang Prefecture (永昌郡) (Yŏngchāng jùn), and then by Xicheng county (西城縣) (Xīchéng xiàn) from the Southern Qi
Southern Qi
The Southern Qi Dynasty was the second of the Southern dynasties in China, followed by the Liang Dynasty. During its 23-year history, the dynasty was largely filled with instability, as after the death of the capable Emperor Gao and Emperor Wu, Emperor Wu's grandson Xiao Zhaoye was assassinated...
dynasty in 479.
Actually, from 320s on, the Cuan (爨) (Cuàn) family began to control Yunnan. China was very unstable during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the central governments had no force to control Yunnan. The Cuan family took the strategy by which they recognized the nominal sovereignty of the central governments while remaining themselves as the real local rulers. In this way, the Cuan family had controlled Yunnan for more than 400 years until it was conquered by Nanzhao in 769.
Yingjiang was ruled by Nanzhao and later by Dali
Kingdom of Dali
Dali or Great Li was a Bai kingdom centred in what is now Yunnan Province of China. Established by Duan Siping in 937, it was ruled by a succession of 22 kings until the year 1253, when it was conquered by an invasion of the Mongol Empire. The capital city was at Dali.- History :The Kingdom of...
from the 8th to the 13th century and hence was not governed by China during the Tang dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
and the Song dynasty
Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
. It was conquered by the Mongols
Mongols
Mongols ) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia...
and again became part of the Chinese territory. During the Ming dynasty
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
and the Qing dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
, Yingjiang was governed by local chiefs under the "Tusi system" (土司制度) (Tŭsī Zhìdù), i.e. the Native Chieftain system, in which the central government had the nominal sovereignty.
Sights
- Yunyan Pagoda (允燕塔)(Yŭnyàn Tă).
- A great flood occurred in Yingjiang in 1946. For Buddha's blessing, a pagoda was proposed. The construction of Yuyan Pagoda began in 1947 and was completed in 1952. The Yuyan Pagoda was built on Ertaipo (二台坡)(Èrtáipō), Yuyan Mountain (允燕山)(Yŭnyàn Shān), 2 km east of the Pingyuan Township (平原鎮)(Píngyuán Zhèn), where the county seat resides.
- Hutiaoshi (虎跳石)(Hŭtiàoshí)
- Once several hundred meter wide, the Dayingjiang River is narrowed to only 7 to 8 meters wide when passing through Hutiaoshi. With the waterfall and the steep cliffs, Hutiaoshi is a famous attraction.
- Tongbiguan Natural Protection Area (銅壁關自然保護區)(Tóngbìguān Zìrán Bǎohùqū)
- The Tongbiguan Natural Protection Area was established in 1986. With an area of 341.6 km2, it covers part of Yingjiang and Longchuan counties as well as RuiliRuiliRuili City is a county-level city in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan province, southwest China.It is a major border crossing between China and Myanmar, with Muse town located across the border.- Name :...
city. The vegetation in the area displays an obvious vertical distribution. The Tongbiguan Natural Protection Area offers a shelter to many rare or endangered species.
External links
- Yingjiang County Official Website
- Map of Dehong
- Tusi (Chinese version of Wikipedia)
- Treaties concerning the non-navigational uses of international watercourses - Asia. Boundary Treaty between the Union of Burma and the People's Republic of China, signed at Peking on 1 October 1960. p.32. (pdf)
- Dehong Prefecture Government Public Information Website - Yingjiang County
- Earthquake-Report.com extensive coverage of the Yingjiang 2011 earthquake