Xiang Jingyu
Encyclopedia
Xiang Jingyu
This is a Chinese name; the family name is Xiang.
Xiang Jingyu (1895–1928), whose old name was Xiang Junxian, was one of the earliest female members of the Communist Party of China (CPC), widely regarded as the pioneer of women’s movement of China.
Xiang Jingyu went to Changsha in 1911 after the downfall of Qing Dynasty because of Xinhai Revolution. She renamed herself Xiang Jingyu and attended the First Provincial Women’s Normal School of Hunan, but then left this school and attended Zhou Nan Women’s School. In this period, Xiang Jingyu was concerned with state affairs. When the humiliating “The Twenty One Demands
” was signed, she and other students made speeches in the streets, hoping to wake the patriotic enthusiasm of Chinese people. After graduated from Zhou Nan Women’s School, Xiang Jingyu went back to her hometown. She thought that education could rescue China, so she founded Xupu Primary School under the support of some local progressives. As the principle of this school, She employed some progressive youths as teacher. What the difference with most other schools was that her school teach new knowledge and new ideas. At the beginning, there was only one class and dozens of students. However, the numbers of students expanded quickly, which was up to 300.
When the New Citizen's Academic Association was founded in Hunan by Mao Zedong
and Cai Hesen in Aril 1918, Xiang Jingyu wanted to make a career outside. So Xiang Jingyu went to Beijing, and paid a visit to Mr. Cai Yuanpei
, the principle of Peking University. In Beijing, Xiang Jingyu met with Cai Hesen
and had a good relationship with him.
In July 1919, Xiang Jingyu was invited by Cai Hesen to go to Changsha, and carry out Hunan's work-study movement in France. On December, Xiang Jingyu, Cai Hesen, Cai Chang, Cai Hesen’s mother and other persons went to France and became part-time Chinese students. Xiang Jingyu attended the Montargis Women’s University. When she studied in Montargis, she read lots of Marx’s works, and believed in Marxism and Communism. In May 1920, Xiang Jingyu married Cai Hesen.
When Xiang Jingyu studied in France, Xing Jingyu concerned with the conditions of the world and China. In 26 May 1920, She wrote some problems on the women’s liberation and remoulding for Li Dazhao
’s magazine Young China. In this article, She hold the opinion that women’s liberation must combined with the remoulding of the society.
In June 1923, the Women’s movement bill for the Third National Congress of the CPC drafted by Xiang Jingyu was passed. Xiang Jingyu was elected as a Central Committee of CPC again and became the first secretary of the Committee of Women’s Movement. In 1924, she led a strike involved about ten thousand workwomen from silk factories. Then, Xiang Jingyu founded the Committee of Women’s Liberation, and traded lots of female cadres, who then became force against feudalism and imperialism.
In January 1925, Xiang Jingyu was elected as a Central Committee of CPC for the third time. In October, Xiang Jinyu and Cai Hesen were sent to study in Moscow Orient Communist Labor University. In March 1927, Xiang Jingyu went back to China. On 12 April, Chiang Kai-shek started his counter-revolutionary war in Shanghai. So Xiang Jingyu went to Wuhan and worked in the Propaganda Department of the Federation of Trade Unions of Wuhan. However, Wuhan National Government started its counter-revolutionary war too on 15 July. Regardless of danger, Xiang Jingyu stayed in Wuhan and edited Party journal Chang Jiang. She also helped workers’ movement and Underground Party.
This is a Chinese name; the family name is Xiang.
Xiang Jingyu (1895–1928), whose old name was Xiang Junxian, was one of the earliest female members of the Communist Party of China (CPC), widely regarded as the pioneer of women’s movement of China.
Early life
Xiang Jingyu was born in Xupu, Hunan province on 4 September 1895. Her father was Xiang Ruiling, and her mother was Deng Yugui, who died when Xiang Jingyu was young. She has ten siblings. Xiang Jingyu’s one brother, Xiang Xianyue, who had studied in Japan, was a leader of Tong Meng Hui in West Hunan. Xiang Xianyue founded a primary school in Wenchangge in 1903. Xiang Jingyu(named as Xiang Junxian then) attended this school because of the influence of his brother and became the first girl who studied in a school in the old China.Xiang Jingyu went to Changsha in 1911 after the downfall of Qing Dynasty because of Xinhai Revolution. She renamed herself Xiang Jingyu and attended the First Provincial Women’s Normal School of Hunan, but then left this school and attended Zhou Nan Women’s School. In this period, Xiang Jingyu was concerned with state affairs. When the humiliating “The Twenty One Demands
Twenty-One Demands
The ' were a set of demands made by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu sent to the nominal government of the Republic of China on January 18, 1915, resulting in two treaties with Japan on May 25, 1915.- Background :...
” was signed, she and other students made speeches in the streets, hoping to wake the patriotic enthusiasm of Chinese people. After graduated from Zhou Nan Women’s School, Xiang Jingyu went back to her hometown. She thought that education could rescue China, so she founded Xupu Primary School under the support of some local progressives. As the principle of this school, She employed some progressive youths as teacher. What the difference with most other schools was that her school teach new knowledge and new ideas. At the beginning, there was only one class and dozens of students. However, the numbers of students expanded quickly, which was up to 300.
When the New Citizen's Academic Association was founded in Hunan by Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
and Cai Hesen in Aril 1918, Xiang Jingyu wanted to make a career outside. So Xiang Jingyu went to Beijing, and paid a visit to Mr. Cai Yuanpei
Cai Yuanpei
Cai Yuanpei was a Chinese educator and the president of Peking University. He was known for his critical evaluation of the Chinese culture that led to the influential May Fourth Movement...
, the principle of Peking University. In Beijing, Xiang Jingyu met with Cai Hesen
Cai Hesen
Cai Hesen was an early leader of the Chinese Communist Party, and a friend and comrade-in-arms of Mao Zedong. His courtesy name was Run Huan , and he was also known as He Xian , Zhe Ying , and Lin Bin...
and had a good relationship with him.
In July 1919, Xiang Jingyu was invited by Cai Hesen to go to Changsha, and carry out Hunan's work-study movement in France. On December, Xiang Jingyu, Cai Hesen, Cai Chang, Cai Hesen’s mother and other persons went to France and became part-time Chinese students. Xiang Jingyu attended the Montargis Women’s University. When she studied in Montargis, she read lots of Marx’s works, and believed in Marxism and Communism. In May 1920, Xiang Jingyu married Cai Hesen.
When Xiang Jingyu studied in France, Xing Jingyu concerned with the conditions of the world and China. In 26 May 1920, She wrote some problems on the women’s liberation and remoulding for Li Dazhao
Li Dazhao
Li Dazhao was a Chinese intellectual who co-founded the Communist Party of China with Chen Duxiu in 1921.-Early life:...
’s magazine Young China. In this article, She hold the opinion that women’s liberation must combined with the remoulding of the society.
Revolution Road
In 1921, part-time students were expelled from France because of petition for rights of study and living. Xiang Jingyu went back to China in the same year. In February 1922, Xiang Jingyu was accepted by CPC and became one of the earliest female party members. In July, She was elected as the first female Central Committee of CPC and became the first Minister of Women Affairs. Xiang Jingyu wrote numbers of articles to elaborate Chinese women’s problems. In these articles, she called for Chinese women to unite and fight for themselves’ liberation.In June 1923, the Women’s movement bill for the Third National Congress of the CPC drafted by Xiang Jingyu was passed. Xiang Jingyu was elected as a Central Committee of CPC again and became the first secretary of the Committee of Women’s Movement. In 1924, she led a strike involved about ten thousand workwomen from silk factories. Then, Xiang Jingyu founded the Committee of Women’s Liberation, and traded lots of female cadres, who then became force against feudalism and imperialism.
In January 1925, Xiang Jingyu was elected as a Central Committee of CPC for the third time. In October, Xiang Jinyu and Cai Hesen were sent to study in Moscow Orient Communist Labor University. In March 1927, Xiang Jingyu went back to China. On 12 April, Chiang Kai-shek started his counter-revolutionary war in Shanghai. So Xiang Jingyu went to Wuhan and worked in the Propaganda Department of the Federation of Trade Unions of Wuhan. However, Wuhan National Government started its counter-revolutionary war too on 15 July. Regardless of danger, Xiang Jingyu stayed in Wuhan and edited Party journal Chang Jiang. She also helped workers’ movement and Underground Party.
Death
Xiang Jingyu was arrested by the KMT in the French Concession Sandeli in Wuhan on 20 March 1928 due to the betrayal of members of her group to the police. On the first of May of the same year, Xiang Jingyu was involved with and died in a police shooting. Her revolutionary spirit will live on eternally in the hearts of many people.External links and references
- http://baike.baidu.com/view/50068.htm,2011.6
- http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-01/17/content_693930.htm,2011.6
- http://baike.baidu.com/view/1620897.htm,2011.6
- http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%91%E8%AD%A6%E4%BA%88,2011.6
- 中华女英烈(第一卷)，人民出版社，1981.8,1:28.