Cai Hesen
Encyclopedia
Cai Hesen (March 30, 1895 - August 4, 1931) was an early leader of the Chinese Communist Party, and a friend and comrade-in-arms of Mao Zedong
. His courtesy name was Run Huan (润寰), and he was also known as He Xian (和仙), Zhe Ying (泽膺), and Lin Bin (林彬). Cai was originally from Shuangfeng County
in Hunan Province.
on March 30, 1895.In the spring of 1899, Cai came back to his hometown Shuangfeng County
with his mother. In his youth, he studied at Hunan First Normal School and at the Higher Normal School in Changsha(长沙). Cai studied under Yang Changji, and joined student movements.In June 1917, after he graduated, Cai didn't return home, he took an active part in revolutionary activities. In April 1918, he organized the Xin Min Xue Hui (New People's Study Society) with Mao Zedong
and others， which caused strong influence in the youth of Hunan province. Cai participated in a number of labor movements after this. In 1919 Christmas, he traveled to France with his mother Ge Jianhao(葛健豪), his sister Cai Chang(蔡畅), and his girlfriend Xiang Jingyu
(向警予). In Paris, Cai organized an "Work and Study Cooperative Society" (Gongxue huzhu she)and accepted communism. He studied hard in France, refused to lessen his workload, and translated foreign works into Chinese.In May 1920, Cai married Xiang Jingyu
.
In the latter half of 1921, Cai was arrested by the French government for organizing a wave of worker disputes, and was forcefully banished from the country soon after. With his wife Xiang Jingyu, he returned to China to participate in the founding of the Chinese Communist Party and work in the Party's central organization. He founded the first newspaper , The Wizard (向导), of the CCP's central authority. Cai was a member of the 2nd
, 3rd
, 4th
, 5th
, and 6th
Central Committees of the Communist Party of China
, as well as a member of the 5th and 6th Central Political Bureaus and other important positions. In 1925, he served as the CCP's representative to the international Communist movement. In 1927, he returned to China, but went to Moscow again in 1928 to cure disease. In 1931 he returned to Shanghai to support the Guangdong
provincial People's Committee. He then went to Hong Kong to direct party work. He was arrested by the British police, delivered to Chinese authorities in Canton, and executed.
(顾顺章) when he attended a meeting in Hong Kong, he was arrested by the Hong Kong police. He was then extradited to Guangzhou
province. There he was tortured by Guangdong warlord Chen Jitang
(陈济棠), but he refused to say a word against his comrades. Finally, in August 1931, Cai was crucified with iron nails on the wall of his prison and his breast was stabbed. Then he was just 36 years old.
(李富春).
In total, Cai had four children. He had Cai Ni(蔡妮) and Cai Bo(蔡博) with Xiang Jingyu, and Cai Zhuan(蔡转) and Cai Lin (蔡霖)with Li Yichun. Cai Chang had only one daughter, Li Tete.
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
. His courtesy name was Run Huan (润寰), and he was also known as He Xian (和仙), Zhe Ying (泽膺), and Lin Bin (林彬). Cai was originally from Shuangfeng County
Shuangfeng County
Shuangfeng County is a county of Hunan, China. It is under the administration of Loudi city.-References:*...
in Hunan Province.
Personal experience
Cai was born in ShanghaiShanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
on March 30, 1895.In the spring of 1899, Cai came back to his hometown Shuangfeng County
Shuangfeng County
Shuangfeng County is a county of Hunan, China. It is under the administration of Loudi city.-References:*...
with his mother. In his youth, he studied at Hunan First Normal School and at the Higher Normal School in Changsha(长沙). Cai studied under Yang Changji, and joined student movements.In June 1917, after he graduated, Cai didn't return home, he took an active part in revolutionary activities. In April 1918, he organized the Xin Min Xue Hui (New People's Study Society) with Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
and others， which caused strong influence in the youth of Hunan province. Cai participated in a number of labor movements after this. In 1919 Christmas, he traveled to France with his mother Ge Jianhao(葛健豪), his sister Cai Chang(蔡畅), and his girlfriend Xiang Jingyu
Xiang Jingyu
Xiang JingyuThis is a Chinese name; the family name is Xiang.Xiang Jingyu , whose old name was Xiang Junxian, was one of the earliest female members of the Communist Party of China , widely regarded as the pioneer of women’s movement of China.-Early life:Xiang Jingyu was born in Xupu, Hunan...
(向警予). In Paris, Cai organized an "Work and Study Cooperative Society" (Gongxue huzhu she)and accepted communism. He studied hard in France, refused to lessen his workload, and translated foreign works into Chinese.In May 1920, Cai married Xiang Jingyu
Xiang Jingyu
Xiang JingyuThis is a Chinese name; the family name is Xiang.Xiang Jingyu , whose old name was Xiang Junxian, was one of the earliest female members of the Communist Party of China , widely regarded as the pioneer of women’s movement of China.-Early life:Xiang Jingyu was born in Xupu, Hunan...
.
In the latter half of 1921, Cai was arrested by the French government for organizing a wave of worker disputes, and was forcefully banished from the country soon after. With his wife Xiang Jingyu, he returned to China to participate in the founding of the Chinese Communist Party and work in the Party's central organization. He founded the first newspaper , The Wizard (向导), of the CCP's central authority. Cai was a member of the 2nd
2nd Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China
The 2nd Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China sat from 1922 to 1923. This was the first central organ elected by the Party, but sessions of the Central Committee are by custom numbered according to the session of the National Congress at which they are elected...
, 3rd
3rd Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China
The 3rd Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China was in session from 1923 to 1925.-Members:#Chen Duxiu#Cai Hesen #Li Dazhao#Tan Pingshan #Wang Hebo #Mao Zedong#Zhu Shaolian #Xiang Ying...
, 4th
4th Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China
The 4th Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China was in session from 1925 to 1927.Its first plenary session elected the 4th Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China in 1925.-Members:#Chen Duxiu#Li Dazhao...
, 5th
5th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
The 5th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was in session from 1927 to 1928.Beginning with this session, the CPC Central Executive Committee was renamed to the CPC Central Committee.It had 31 members and 14 alternate members....
, and 6th
6th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
The 6th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was in session from 1928 to 1945. It held seven plenary sessions in this period.It had 23 members and 13 alternate members....
Central Committees of the Communist Party of China
Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is the highest authority within the Communist Party of China. Its approximately 350 members and alternates are selected once every five years by the National Party Congress....
, as well as a member of the 5th and 6th Central Political Bureaus and other important positions. In 1925, he served as the CCP's representative to the international Communist movement. In 1927, he returned to China, but went to Moscow again in 1928 to cure disease. In 1931 he returned to Shanghai to support the Guangdong
Guangdong
Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...
provincial People's Committee. He then went to Hong Kong to direct party work. He was arrested by the British police, delivered to Chinese authorities in Canton, and executed.
His death
In 1931, Cai was betrayed by Gu ShunzhangGu Shunzhang
Gu Shunzhang , also known as Gu Fengming , born in Baoshan, Shanghai, was a Chinese Communist Party leader.In his earlier life worked at Nanyang Tobacco Factory, where he became an active participant of workers' movement, then of the Shanghai Trade Union and finally of the CCP...
(顾顺章) when he attended a meeting in Hong Kong, he was arrested by the Hong Kong police. He was then extradited to Guangzhou
Guangzhou
Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port...
province. There he was tortured by Guangdong warlord Chen Jitang
Chen Jitang
Chen Jitang , also spelled Chen Chi-tang, was born into a Hakka family in Fangcheng, Guangxi, China. He joined the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance in 1908 and began serving in the Guangdong Army in 1920, rising from battalion to brigade commander...
(陈济棠), but he refused to say a word against his comrades. Finally, in August 1931, Cai was crucified with iron nails on the wall of his prison and his breast was stabbed. Then he was just 36 years old.
His family
Cai Hesen's father was Cai Rongfeng(蔡蓉峰), and his mother was Ge Jianhao. His first wife was Xiang Jingyu, second wife was Li Yichun(李一纯), and he had a younger sister who was Cai Chang. In particular, Cai Chang became the wife of Li FuchunLi Fuchun
Li Fuchun was a politician of the Communist Party of China and the People's Republic of China.-Biography:Li Fuchun was born in Changsha, Hunan Province. After completing middle school in his home province, in 1919 he traveled to France to attend a work-study program and here he started his...
(李富春).
In total, Cai had four children. He had Cai Ni(蔡妮) and Cai Bo(蔡博) with Xiang Jingyu, and Cai Zhuan(蔡转) and Cai Lin (蔡霖)with Li Yichun. Cai Chang had only one daughter, Li Tete.
External links
- http://www.ldsf.com.cn/2006/chs_index.asp,2011.6
- http://baike.baidu.com/view/1798.htm,2011.6