Vladimir Andreevich Tranzschel
Encyclopedia
Vladimir Andreevich Tranzschel (–January 21, 1942) was a Russian
botanist
, mycologist
and plant pathologist
, especially an expert on rust fungi.
He graduated from Saint Petersburg University
in 1889 and became an assistant at the Saint Petersburg Forestry Institute. 1898–1900, he was stationed at the University of Warsaw
, but soon returned to Saint Petersburg
and took a position a curator at the Botanic Garden of the Imperial Academy of Sciences
. He remained affiliated with the Academy
for the remainder of his career, from 1912 as senior botanist. He travelled and made collections in European Russia
, Germany
, Switzerland
, Austria
, Crimea
, Kyrgyzstan
, Pamir Mountains
, Ussuri and Primorsky
.
He is particularly known for Tranzschel's Law, that states that telia
of microcyclic
species of rust fungi that are descendants of macrocyclic
, heteroecious
rusts simulate aecia of the ancestral macrocyclic
rust and occur on the aecial host of the latter. Tranzschel devised his law to assists in identification of the aecial host of a suspected heteroecious
rust by looking for hosts attacked by a microcyclic rust with morphologically similar telia to the former. Modern evolutionary thinking about rust fungi and molecular
investigations have confirmed its validity
.
In addition, Tranzschel described a number of new species of rust fungi and wrote fungas for various parts of Russia
. Together with A. Henckel, Tranzschel also translated Kerner von Marilaun
’s Pflanzenleben from German
to Russian
.
The rust fungus genus
Tranzschelia Arthur
was named to his honour.
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
botanist
Botany
Botany, plant science, or plant biology is a branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plant life. Traditionally, botany also included the study of fungi, algae and viruses...
, mycologist
Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicinals , food and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning or...
and plant pathologist
Phytopathology
Plant pathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens and environmental conditions . Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants...
, especially an expert on rust fungi.
He graduated from Saint Petersburg University
Saint Petersburg State University
Saint Petersburg State University is a Russian federal state-owned higher education institution based in Saint Petersburg and one of the oldest and largest universities in Russia....
in 1889 and became an assistant at the Saint Petersburg Forestry Institute. 1898–1900, he was stationed at the University of Warsaw
University of Warsaw
The University of Warsaw is the largest university in Poland and one of the most prestigious, ranked as best Polish university in 2010 and 2011...
, but soon returned to Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
and took a position a curator at the Botanic Garden of the Imperial Academy of Sciences
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
. He remained affiliated with the Academy
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
for the remainder of his career, from 1912 as senior botanist. He travelled and made collections in European Russia
European Russia
European Russia refers to the western areas of Russia that lie within Europe, comprising roughly 3,960,000 square kilometres , larger in area than India, and spanning across 40% of Europe. Its eastern border is defined by the Ural Mountains and in the south it is defined by the border with...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
, Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
, Crimea
Crimea
Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...
, Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
, Pamir Mountains
Pamir Mountains
The Pamir Mountains are a mountain range in Central Asia formed by the junction or knot of the Himalayas, Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, and Hindu Kush ranges. They are among the world’s highest mountains and since Victorian times they have been known as the "Roof of the World" a probable...
, Ussuri and Primorsky
Primorsky Krai
Primorsky Krai , informally known as Primorye , is a federal subject of Russia . Primorsky means "maritime" in Russian, hence the region is sometimes referred to as Maritime Province or Maritime Territory. Its administrative center is in the city of Vladivostok...
.
He is particularly known for Tranzschel's Law, that states that telia
Telia
Telia may refer to:*Telia - part of the reproductive cycle of Rusts*Telia Digital-tv - a Swedish TV platform*Telia, Nepal - a village in Nepal*TeliaSonera - a Swedish/Finnish telecom operator*Telia Challenge Waxholm - Golf tournament...
of microcyclic
Glossary of phytopathology
This is a glossary of some of the terms used in phytopathology.Phytopathology is the study of plant diseases. It is a multi-disciplinary since prerequisites for disease development are the presence of a susceptible host species, a pathogen and the appropriate environmental conditions. This is...
species of rust fungi that are descendants of macrocyclic
Glossary of phytopathology
This is a glossary of some of the terms used in phytopathology.Phytopathology is the study of plant diseases. It is a multi-disciplinary since prerequisites for disease development are the presence of a susceptible host species, a pathogen and the appropriate environmental conditions. This is...
, heteroecious
Heteroecious
A heteroecious parasite is one that requires at least two hosts. The primary host is the host in which the parasite spends its adult life; the other is the secondary host. Both the primary host and an unrelated alternate host are required for the parasite to complete its life cycle...
rusts simulate aecia of the ancestral macrocyclic
Glossary of phytopathology
This is a glossary of some of the terms used in phytopathology.Phytopathology is the study of plant diseases. It is a multi-disciplinary since prerequisites for disease development are the presence of a susceptible host species, a pathogen and the appropriate environmental conditions. This is...
rust and occur on the aecial host of the latter. Tranzschel devised his law to assists in identification of the aecial host of a suspected heteroecious
Heteroecious
A heteroecious parasite is one that requires at least two hosts. The primary host is the host in which the parasite spends its adult life; the other is the secondary host. Both the primary host and an unrelated alternate host are required for the parasite to complete its life cycle...
rust by looking for hosts attacked by a microcyclic rust with morphologically similar telia to the former. Modern evolutionary thinking about rust fungi and molecular
Molecular biology
Molecular biology is the branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity. This field overlaps with other areas of biology and chemistry, particularly genetics and biochemistry...
investigations have confirmed its validity
.
In addition, Tranzschel described a number of new species of rust fungi and wrote fungas for various parts of Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Together with A. Henckel, Tranzschel also translated Kerner von Marilaun
Anton Kerner von Marilaun
Anton Kerner von Marilaun was an Austrian botanist and professor at the University of Vienna.-Career:Kerner was born in Mautern, Lower Austria, and studied medicine in Vienna followed by an education in natural history, for which he carried out phytosociologic studies in Central Europe...
’s Pflanzenleben from German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
to Russian
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
.
The rust fungus genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
Tranzschelia Arthur
Joseph Charles Arthur
Joseph Charles Arthur was an American botanist known for his investigations into rusts . He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1923.- External links :*...
was named to his honour.
Selected species described by Tranzschel
- Dasyscyphella cassandraeDasyscyphellaDasyscyphella is a genus of fungi within the Hyaloscyphaceae family. The genus contains 23 species.-External links:* at Index Fungorum...
Tranzschel - Helminthascus arachnophthorusHelminthascusHelminthascus is a genus of fungi within the Clavicipitaceae family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Helminthascus arachnophthorus.-External links:*...
Tranzschel - Pucciniastrum arcticumPucciniastrum arcticumPucciniastrum arcticum is a plant pathogen.- External links :**...
Tranzschel - Ustilago turcomanicaUstilagoUstilago is a genus of approximately 200 smut fungi parasitic on grasses.There is a large research community that works on Ustilago maydis including researchers at the University of Georgia, Philipps-Universität Marburg, University of British Columbia and others...
Tranzschel
Selected scientific works
- Tranzschel, V. A. (1902) Contributiones ad floram mycologicam Rossiæ, I. Enumeratio fungorum in TauriaCrimeaCrimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...
a. 1901 lectorum. Trudy Botanicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk / Travaux du Musée Botanique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg, vol. 1: 47–75 - Tranzschel, V. A. (1905) Contributiones ad floram mycologicam Rossiæ, II. Enumeratio fungorum in TauriaCrimeaCrimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...
lectorum. Trudy Botanicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk / Travaux du Musée Botanique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg, vol. 2: 31–47 - Tranzschel, V. A. (1925) Systematics and biology of the genus Triphragmium auct. (TriphragmiumMeadowsweet Rust gallTriphragmium ulmariae is a species of fungus in the Sphaerophragmiaceae family. It causes meadowsweet rust gall, which develops as a chemically induced swelling, arising from the lower surface of the meadowsweet leaves.- Cause :...
Link, Triphragmiopsis Naumov, Nyssopsora Arthur). Journal of Botanical Society of Russia, 8: 123–132. - Tranzschel, V. A. (1927) Rust Fungi and their bearing on the Systematics of Vascular Plants. FestschriftFestschriftIn academia, a Festschrift , is a book honoring a respected person, especially an academic, and presented during his or her lifetime. The term, borrowed from German, could be translated as celebration publication or celebratory writing...
for I. P. Borodin. - Tranzschel, V. A. (1933) Uredinalium species novae ex Siberia. Trudy Botanicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR / Acta Instituti Botanici Academiae Scientiarum Unionis Rerum Publicarum Soveticarum Socialisticarum, ser. 11: Sporovye rastenenija, Fasc. 1: 267–273.
- Tranzschel, V. A. (1936) The Uredinales as indicators of the affinity of their hosts in relationship to their evolution. Sovietskaya Botanica 1936 nr. 6: 133–144.
- Tranzschel, V. A. (1938) Zur Biologie der Uredineen des Fernen Ostens. Trudy Botanicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR / Acta Instituti Botanici Academiae Scientiarum Unionis Rerum Publicarum Soveticarum Socialisticarum, ser. 11: Sporovye rastenenija
- Tranzschel, V. A. (1939) Conspectus Uredinalium URSS. Moskva-Leningrad, Akademii Nauk SSSR. 426 pp.
- Kuprevich, V. T. & Tranzschel, V. A. (1957) Flora Plantarum Cryptogamarum URSS: Fungi 1, Uredinales, Fasc. 1 Familia MelampsoraceaeMelampsoraceaeMelampsoraceae are a family of rust fungi in the order Pucciniales. The family is monotypic, containing the single genus Melampsora, which contains about 90 species....
. Moskva, Academiae Scientiarum URSS. 419 pp.