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Russian Academy of Sciences

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	Topics Russian Academy of Sciences Topic Home Russian Academy of Sciences (, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, shortened to PAH, RAN) is consisting of the national academyNational academy A national academy is a body, usually operating with state financial support and approval, that co-ordinates the activities ... of RussiaRussia Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia.... , and a network of scientific institutes from all across the Russian Federation engaged in research, as well as auxiliary units - scientific like libraries and publishers, and social, e.g. hospitals. The Academy is headquartered in MoscowMoscow Moscow is the capital of Russia and the country's principal political, economic, financial, educational, and transportation... . It is incorporated as a civil, self-governed, non-commercial organization chartered by Russian Government. It combines members of RAS (see below) and scientists employed by institutions. Membership There are three types of membership in the RAS: full members, corresponding members, and foreign members. Academicians and corresponding members must be citizen of the Russian Federation (at the moment of election; however, there are academicians and corresponding members who had been elected before the collapse of the USSR and now are citizens of other countries). Members of RAS are elected based upon scientific contributions and it is a big honour to be elected to membership of the Academy. As of 2005-2007 there are slightly less than 500 full members of the academy and about the same number of corresponding members. Structure The RAS consist of 9 branches by scientific domain, of 3 territorial branches and of 14 regional scientific centres. The Academy has numerous councils, committees and commissions, organized for different purposes. Territorial Branches The Siberian Branch was established in 1957, with Mikhail Lavrentyev as its founding chairman. Research centres are in Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Yakutsk, Ulan-Ude, Kemerovo, Tyumen, and Omsk. As of 2005, the Branch employed 33,051 employees, 58 of whom were members of the Russian Academy of Sciences The Ural Branch was established in 1932, with Aleksandr Fersman as its founding chairman. Research centres are in YekaterinburgYekaterinburg Yekaterinburg is a major city in the central part of the Russian Federation, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast... , PermPerm Perm is a city in and administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia.... , Cheliabinsk, IzhevskIzhevsk Izhevsk, from 1985 to 1987—Ustinov, after Dmitri Ustinov, is the capital and culture center of the Udmurt Republ... , OrenburgOrenburg Orenburg is a city on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast in the Volga Federal District of Russi... , UfaUfa Ufa is the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia.... , SyktyvkarSyktyvkar Syktyvkar is a city in Russia, capital of the Komi Republic.... . As of 2007, the Branch employed 3600 scientists, 590 of whom were full professors (doctor nauk), 31 full members and 58 corresponding memebers of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Regional Centres Kazan Science Centre Puschino Science Centre Samara Science Centre Saratov Science Centre Vladikavkaz Science Centre of RAN and Government of Northern Ossetia Dagestan Science Centre Kabardino-Balkarian Science Centre Karelian Science Centre Kola Science Centre Science Centre of RAN in Chernogovka St.Petersburg Science Centre Ufa Science Centre Southern Science Centre Troitsk Science Centre Perm Science Centre Institutions The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of a large number of research institutions, including: Budker Institute of Nuclear PhysicsBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics is one of the major centres of advanced study of nuclear physics in Russia.... Central Economic Mathematical Institute CEMI Dorodnicyn Computing CentreDorodnicyn Computing Centre Dorodnicyn Computing Centre was established in 1955 and became a leading research institute of the Russian Academy of Scienc... Institute of Archaeology Institute of Biological Instrumentation Institute of High Current Electronics Institute of Linguistics Institute of Philosophy Institute of Radio-engineering and ElectronicsInstitute of Radio-engineering and Electronics Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics by the Russian Academy of Science is an institute in Moscow, that conducts fu... Institute of the U.S.A. and Canada (ISKRAN)Institute for US and Canadian Studies name =Institute for US and Canadian Studies... Institute of World Economy and International RelationsInstitute of World Economy and International Relations Summary name =Institute of World Economics and International Affairs... (IMEMO) Institute of World Literature (Moscow) Ioffe Physico-Technical InstituteIoffe Physico-Technical Institute Summary Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute is one of Russia's largest research centers specialized in physics and technology.... Keldysh Institute of Applied MathematicsKeldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics The Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences is a research institute specializing in computat... Komarov Botanical InstituteKomarov Botanical Institute The Komarov Botanical Institute is the leading botanical institution in Russia.... Laser and Information Technology Institute Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer EngineeringLebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences.... Lebedev Physical InstituteLebedev Physical Institute Summary The Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a Russian research institute specializing in physics.... Landau Institute for Theoretical PhysicsLandau Institute for Theoretical Physics L.D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a research institution devoted primarily... N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Paleontological Institute Schmidt Institute of the Physics of the Earth Space Research InstituteRussian Space Research Institute Overview The Russian Space Research Institute is the leading organization of the Russian Academy of Sciences on space exploration to... Special Astrophysical Observatory Steklov Institute of MathematicsFacts About Steklov Institute of Mathematics Steklov Institute of Mathematics or Steklov Mathematical Institute is a research institute specialized in Mathematics.... Sukachev Institute of ForestSukachev Institute of Forest Institute of Forest SB RAS is the first academic institution of forest profile in Russia.... Member institutions are linked by a dedicated Russian Space Science Internet (RSSI). The RSSI, starting with just 3 members, now has 3100 members, including 57 of the largest research institutions. Moscow University, St.Petersburg University, or Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, abbreviated MIPT or informally Phystech is the leading Russian univ... , etc. do not belong to RAS (they belongs to Ministry of Education of Russian Federation), but the leading universities use many institutes of RAS (as well as many others institutions) as educational centers ("Phystech System"). Awards The Academy gives a number of different prizes, medals, and awards: Demidov PrizeDemidov Prize Demidov Prize - national scientific prize in Russia awarded annually to the members of the Russian Academy of Sciences and o... Lomonosov Gold MedalLomonosov Gold Medal The Lomonosov Gold Medal, named after Russian scientist and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov, is awarded each year since 1959 for ... MarkovAndrey Markov Andrey Andreyevich Markov was a Russian mathematician.... Prize BogolyubovNikolay Bogolyubov Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogoliubov, was a Russian-Ukrainian mathematician and theoretical physicist known for his work in stat... Gold Medal History Foundation The Academy was founded in Saint PetersburgSaint Petersburg Saint Petersburg listen is a city located in northwestern Russia on the delta of the Neva River at the east end of the Gulf... by Peter the GreatPeter I of Russia Peter I the Great . ruled Russia from 7 May 1682 until his death, before 1696 jointly with his weak and sickly half-broth... , inspired and advised by Gottfried LeibnizGottfried Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German polymath who wrote mostly in French and Latin.... , and implemented in the Senate decreeDecree Decree is an order by a head of state or government that has the force of law.... of January 28, 1724. It was called Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences between 1724 and 1917. Those invited to work there included mathematicians Leonhard EulerLeonhard Euler Leonhard Euler was a Swiss mathematician and physicist.... , Christian GoldbachChristian Goldbach Christian Goldbach , was a Prussian mathematician, who was born in Knigsberg in East Prussia, as son of a pastor.... , Georg Bernhard BilfingerGeorg Bernhard Bilfinger Georg Bernhard Bilfinger, German philosopher, mathematician and statesman, son of a Lutheran minister, was born at Kanstatt ... , Nicholas and Daniel BernoulliDaniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli was a Dutch-born mathematician who spent much of his life in Basel, Switzerland.... , botanist Johann Georg GmelinJohann Georg Gmelin Johann Georg Gmelin was a German naturalist, botanist and geographer.... , embryologists Caspar Friedrich WolffCaspar Friedrich Wolff Summary Caspar Friedrich Wolff is one of the founders of embryology.... , astronomerAstronomer An astronomer or astrophysicist is a person whose area of interest is astronomy or astrophysics.... and geographerGeographer A geographer is a scientist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's physical environment and human habitat.... Joseph-Nicolas DelisleJoseph-Nicolas Delisle Joseph-Nicolas Delisle was a French astronomer.... , physicist Georg Wolfgang Kraft, and historianHistorian A historian is someone who writes history, and history is a written accounting of the past.... Gerhard Friedrich Müller. Under the leadership of Princess Ekaterina Dashkova (1783-96), the Academy was engaged on compiling the huge Academic Dictionary of the Russian LanguageRussian language Russian is the most widely spoken language of Eurasia and the most widespread of the Slavic languages.... . Expeditions to explore remote parts of the country had Academy scientists as their leaders or most active participants. These included Vitus BeringVitus Bering Vitus Jonassen Bering was a Danish-born navigator in the service of the Russian Navy, a captain-komandor known among th... 's Second KamchatkaKamchatka Peninsula Summary Kamchatka Peninsula is a 1,250-kilometer long peninsula in the Russian Far East, with the area of 472,300 km.... Expedition of 1733–43, and Peter Simon PallasPeter Simon Pallas Summary Peter Simon Pallas was a German zoologist and botanist who worked in Russia.... 's expeditions to SiberiaSiberia Overview Siberia is a vast region of Russia constituting almost all of Northern Asia.... . USSR Academy of Sciences In December 1917, Sergei Fedorovich Oldenburg, a leading ethnographer and political activist in the Kadet party met with Lenin to discuss the future of the Academy. They agreed that the expertise of the Academy would be applied to addressing questions of state construction, in return the Soviet regime would give the Academy financial and political support. By early 1918 it was agreed that the Academy would report to the Department of the Mobilisation of Scientific Forces of the People's Commissariat of EnlighteningNarkompros Narkompros is an abbreviation for the People's Commissariat for Enlightening, the Soviet agency charged with the admin... which replaced the Provisional Government's Ministry of Education. In 1925 the SovietSoviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , more commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a Communist state that existed... government recognized the Russian Academy of Sciences as the "highest all-Union scientific institution" and renamed it the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. However starting in 1928 the PolitburoPolitburo Politburo is short for Political Bureau.... started to interfere in the affairs of the Academy. By the summer of 1929, Yuri Petrovich FigatnerYuri Petrovich Figatner Yuri Petrovich Figatner was a Soviet party functionary who investigated the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1929.... headed a special government commission to investigate the academy and purge it of "counter-revolutionaries" turning it into a Marxist-Leninist organisation. Figatner's commission originally included Oldenburg, but he was sacked for "obstructing the reconstruction of the Academy of Sciences. By the end of 1929 its had sacked 128 members of staff out of 960 with a further 520 supernumeraries from 830 also being dismissed. In t he following year over 100 people (mainly scholars and humanists, including many historians) were charged in whatis called the Academics' Case. Former Academicians such as G.S. Gabaev, A.A. Arnoldi, N.P. Antsiferov, had already been exiled or imprisoned, but were also put on trial. On 8 August 1931 the Collegium of Joint State Political Administration Board condemned 29 people, including S.V. Bakhrushin, V.N. Beneshevich, D.N. Egorov, Y.V. Gautier, N.V. Izmaylov, N.P. Likhachev, M.K. Lyubavsky, A.M. Mervart, Sergey PlatonovSergey Platonov Sergey Fyodorovich Platonov was a Russian historian who led the official St Petersburg school of imperial historiography bef... , S.V. Rozhdestvensky, Yevgeny TarleYevgeny Tarle Yevgeny Viktorovich Tarle was a Soviet historian and academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.... . In 1931 the Joint State Political Administration Board imposed another wave of punishments on research officers of various establishments of the Academy of Sciences, Russian Museum, Central Archives and others. This included A.A. Byalynitsky-Birulya, A.A. Dostoevsky, B.M. Engelgardt, N.S. Platonova, M.D. Priselkov, A.A. Putilov, S.V. Sigrist, F.F. Skribanovich, S.I. Tkhorzhevsky and A.I. Zaozersky). Some former Guards officers, who worked for the Academy of Sciences such as A.A. Kovanko and Y. A. Verzhbitsky, were executed by shooting. N.V. Raevsky, P.V. Wittenburg and D.N. Khalturin who had organised various expeditions, the priests A.V. Mitrotsky, M.V. Mitrotsky, and M.M. Girs (the church group), Professor E.B. Furman, Pastor A.F. Frishfeld (the German group) and F.I. Vityazev-Sedenko, S.S. Baranov-Galperson and E.G. Baranov-Galperson (the publishers group) were also punished. Smaller commissions investigated institutions, thus the Commission for the Reorganisation of KIPSCommission for the Study of the Tribal Composition of the Population of the Borderlands of Russia The Commission for the Study of the Tribal Composition of the Population of the Borderlands of Russia was set up in Februar... and the Museum of Anthropology and EthnographyPeter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography The Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography is the major museum of anthropology and ethnography in St Petersb... subjected these organisations to "socialist criticism". In 1934 the Academy headquarters moved from LeningradSaint Petersburg Saint Petersburg listen is a city located in northwestern Russia on the delta of the Neva River at the east end of the Gulf... (formerly Saint PetersburgSaint Petersburg Saint Petersburg listen is a city located in northwestern Russia on the delta of the Neva River at the east end of the Gulf... ) to the Russian capital, MoscowMoscow Moscow is the capital of Russia and the country's principal political, economic, financial, educational, and transportation... , together with a number of academic institutes. The USSR Academy of Sciences helped to establish national Academies of Sciences in all Soviet republics (with the exception of the Russian SFSRRussian SFSR The Russian SFSR was the largest and most populous of the fifteen Soviet republics, and became the modern day Russian Federa... ), in many cases delegating prominent scientists to live and work in other republics. These academies were Ukrainian SSRUkrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic a.k.a.... : ???????? ???? ??????????? ??? (est. 1918; current National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) Byelorussian SSRByelorussian SSR The Byelorussian SSR was one of the four original founding members of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922, toget... : ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? (est. 1929; current National Academy of Sciences of BelarusNational Academy of Sciences of Belarus The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus is the national academy of Belarus. ... ) Uzbek SSRUzbek SSR The Uzbek SSR or Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was the name given to Uzbekistan on October 27 1924.... : ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? (est. 1943; current Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan) Kazakh SSRKazakh SSR The Kazakh SSR, or Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, today called Kazakhstan, was the second largest constituent repub... : ????? ??? ????? ?????????? (est. 1946; current National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan) Georgian SSRGeorgian SSR The Georgian SSR was the name given to Georgia when it was part of the Soviet Union from 1936 to 1991.... : ??????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? (est. 1941 ; current Georgian Academy of SciencesGeorgian Academy of Sciences The Georgian Academy of Sciences unites the 62 scientific research institutes and centers of the Republic of Georgia.... ) Azerbaijan SSRAzerbaijan SSR The Azerbaijan SSR or the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic was the name given to Azerbaijan when it was part of th... : -- (est. 1935; current National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan The National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan , located in Baku, is the main state research organization in Azerbaijan.... ) Lithuanian SSRLithuanian SSR The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, short: Lithuanian SSR was the name given on July 21, 1940 to Lithuania, afte... : Lietuvos TSR Mokslu akademija (est. 1941; current Lithuanian Academy of SciencesLithuanian Academy of Sciences The Lithuanian Academy of Sciences or LAS, founded in 1941, is an autonomous, state-subsidized establishment that serves as... ) Moldavian SSRMoldavian SSR The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union from 1940 to 1941 and from 1945 to 1... : ????????? ??????? ? ??? ???????????? (est. 1946; current Academy of Sciences of MoldovaAcademy of Sciences of Moldova Academy of Sciences of Moldova is the main scientific centre of the Republic of Moldova, which coordinates research in all a... ) Latvian SSRLatvian SSR Overview The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, short: Latvian SSR was the name given on July 21, 1940 to the puppet state crea... : Latvijas PSR Zinatnu akademija (est. 1946; current Latvian Academy of SciencesLatvian Academy of Sciences The Academy of Sciences is the ofiical science academy of Latvia and is an association of the country's foremost sceintists.... ) Kirghiz SSR: -- (est. 1954; current National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic) Tajik SSRTajik SSR The Tajik SSR or Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was the name given to Tajikistan when it was part of the Soviet Union... : -- (est. 1953; current Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan) Armenian SSRArmenian SSR The Armenian SSR or Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia came into being when the Communist Party of Armenia proclaime... : -- (est.1943; current National Academy of Sciences of Armenia) Turkmen SSRTurkmen SSR The Turkmen SSR was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union until 1991 when it declared independence as Turkmenistan.... : -- (est. 1951; current Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan) Estonian SSREstonian SSR The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, short: Estonian SSR was the name given on July 21, 1940 to the satellite state... : Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia (est. 1946; current Estonian Academy of SciencesEstonian Academy of Sciences Overview Founded in 1938, the Estonian Academy of Sciences is Estonia's national academy of science.... ) Post-Soviet period After the collapse of the Soviet Union, by decree of the President of Russia of December 2, 1991, the institute once again became the Russian Academy of Sciences, inheriting all facilities of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the territory of Russia. See also AkademgorodokAkademgorodok Akademgorodok , located 20 km south of Novosibirsk, Russia is the educational and scientific centre of Siberia... Library of the Russian Academy of SciencesLibrary of the Russian Academy of Sciences library_name = Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences... In the 1950s and 1960s Prof. Lev Davidovich BelkindLev Davidovich Belkind Summary Prof. Lev Davidovich Belkind His academic activity is associated with the Moscow Power Engineering Institute , where he has... has released a number of books on the unique contribution of Russian scientists and engineers to the technological progress. External links