United Nations Security Council Resolution 1990
Encyclopedia
United Nations
Security Council Resolution
1990, adopted unanimously on June 27, 2011, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Sudan
and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement
, the Council established the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei
(UNISFA) in the disputed Abyei
region between Sudan and South Sudan
.
The resolution was passed after a conflict between the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) and Sudanese army in the South Kordofan region, and in the run-up to the declaration of independence by South Sudan from the north. The resolution was drafted by the United States
.
s and facilitate humanitarian access.
n UNIFSA peacekeeping
mission was established for an initial period of six months. The force would consist of 4,200 soldiers, 50 police and support personnel with the following mandate
:
Under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
, UNIFSA was authorised to take "necessary actions" in order to:
The Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
was asked to conclude a status of forces agreement
with Sudan. Sudan and other states were requested to co-operate fully with UNIFSA and the Secretary-General had to provide a progress report including the monitoring of human rights
.
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Security Council Resolution
United Nations Security Council Resolution
A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security"....
1990, adopted unanimously on June 27, 2011, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Sudan
Sudan
Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement
Comprehensive Peace Agreement
The Comprehensive Peace Agreement , also known as the Naivasha Agreement, was a set of agreements culminating in January 2005 that were signed between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Government of Sudan...
, the Council established the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei
United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei
The United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei is a United Nations peacekeeping force in Abyei, which is contested between the Republic of Sudan and the newly-independent Republic of South Sudan...
(UNISFA) in the disputed Abyei
Abyei
The Abyei Area is an area of in Sudan accorded "special administrative status" by the 2004 Protocol on the resolution of the Abyei conflict in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement that ended the Second Sudanese Civil War. The capital of Abyei Area is Abyei Town...
region between Sudan and South Sudan
South Sudan
South Sudan , officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country located in the Sahel region of northeastern Africa. It is also part of the North Africa UN sub-region. Its current capital is Juba, which is also its largest city; the capital city is planned to be moved to the more...
.
The resolution was passed after a conflict between the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) and Sudanese army in the South Kordofan region, and in the run-up to the declaration of independence by South Sudan from the north. The resolution was drafted by the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
Observations
The Security Council noted that, on June 20, 2011, there was an agreement between Sudanese government and SPLA/M over the administration and security of the Abyei region. It expressed concern about the situation in the region and the violence committed against the civilian population. Both parties were invited to pursue constructive negotiations on the status of Abyei, ensure the return of internally displaced personInternally displaced person
An internally displaced person is someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees, although they do not fall within the current legal definition of a refugee. At the end of 2006 it was estimated there were...
s and facilitate humanitarian access.
Acts
The EthiopiaEthiopia
Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
n UNIFSA peacekeeping
Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping is an activity that aims to create the conditions for lasting peace. It is distinguished from both peacebuilding and peacemaking....
mission was established for an initial period of six months. The force would consist of 4,200 soldiers, 50 police and support personnel with the following mandate
Mandate (international law)
In international law, a mandate is a binding obligation issued from an inter-governmental organization like the United Nations to a country which is bound to follow the instructions of the organization....
:
- Monitor the demilitarisationDemilitarisationDemilitarisation or demilitarization is the reduction of a nation's army, weapons, or military vehicles to an agreed minimum. Demilitarisation is usually the result of a peace treaty ending a war or a major conflict....
of the Abyei region; - Participate in regional organisations;
- Contribute to deminingDeminingDemining or mine clearance is the process of removing either land mines, or naval mines, from an area, while minesweeping describes the act of detecting of mines. There are two distinct types of mine detection and removal: military and humanitarian.Minesweepers use many tools in order to accomplish...
activities; - Facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aidHumanitarian aidHumanitarian aid is material or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes, typically in response to humanitarian crises including natural disaster and man-made disaster. The primary objective of humanitarian aid is to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity...
; - Support the capacity of the police service and protect oil installations.
Under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace...
, UNIFSA was authorised to take "necessary actions" in order to:
- Protect UNISFA personnel, equipment and facilities;
- Protect United Nations personnel, equipment and facilities;
- Ensure the safety and freedom of movementFreedom of movementFreedom of movement, mobility rights or the right to travel is a human right concept that the constitutions of numerous states respect...
of United Nations and humanitarian personnel; - Protect civilians in danger;
- Protect Abyei against attacks from outside;
- Ensure security in the region.
The Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
Ban Ki-moon
Ban Ki-moon is the eighth and current Secretary-General of the United Nations, after succeeding Kofi Annan in 2007. Before going on to be Secretary-General, Ban was a career diplomat in South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the United Nations. He entered diplomatic service the year he...
was asked to conclude a status of forces agreement
Status of Forces Agreement
A status of forces agreement is an agreement between a host country and a foreign nation stationing forces in that country. SOFAs are often included, along with other types of military agreements, as part of a comprehensive security arrangement...
with Sudan. Sudan and other states were requested to co-operate fully with UNIFSA and the Secretary-General had to provide a progress report including the monitoring of human rights
Human rights
Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...
.
See also
- List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1901 to 2000 (2009 – 2011)
- Second Sudanese Civil WarSecond Sudanese Civil WarThe Second Sudanese Civil War started in 1983, although it was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. Although it originated in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba mountains and Blue Nile by the end of the 1980s....
- South Kordofan conflict
- Southern Sudanese independence referendum, 2011Southern Sudanese independence referendum, 2011A referendum took place in Southern Sudan from 9 to 15 January 2011, on whether the region should remain a part of Sudan or become independent. The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 Naivasha Agreement between the Khartoum central government and the Sudan People's Liberation...
- War in DarfurWar in DarfurThe Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...