Ulmus minor subsp. minor 'Umbraculifera'
Encyclopedia
The Field Elm
Ulmus minor sensu latissimo cultivar 'Umbraculifera' originated in Iran
, where it was once widely planted as an ornamental, and occasionally grew to a great size.
The tree is distinguished by its dense, rounded habit.
as the species; a specimen at the Ryston Hall http://www.rystonhall.co.uk/, Norfolk
, arboretum, obtained from the Späth nursery before 1914 , was killed by the earlier strain of the disease in the 1930s.
in Berlin
, which had obtained it from a German gardener in the employ of the Shah of Persia
, and was subsequently planted along streets in Berlin
. Bean
remarked that the tree succeeded well on the continent (Europe) and in eastern North America
, but was rarely planted in the UK . Introduced to Australia
, the tree was marketed in the early 20th century by the Gembrook Nursery near Melbourne and by Searl's Garden Emporium, Sydney, but it is not known whether the tree survives in that country. Despite its susceptibility to the disease, it remains in commercial cultivation in Belgium
and the Netherlands
.
Field Elm
Ulmus minor Mill., the Field Elm, is by far the most polymorphic of the European species, although its taxonomy remains a matter of contention. Its natural range is predominantly south European, extending to Asia Minor; its northern outposts are the Baltic islands of Öland and Gotland, although it...
Ulmus minor sensu latissimo cultivar 'Umbraculifera' originated in Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
, where it was once widely planted as an ornamental, and occasionally grew to a great size.
Description
Pests and diseases
The tree is as vulnerable to Dutch elm diseaseDutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease is a disease caused by a member of the sac fungi category, affecting elm trees which is spread by the elm bark beetle. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease has been accidentally introduced into America and Europe, where it has devastated native...
as the species; a specimen at the Ryston Hall http://www.rystonhall.co.uk/, Norfolk
Norfolk
Norfolk is a low-lying county in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea coast and to the north-west the county is bordered by The Wash. The county...
, arboretum, obtained from the Späth nursery before 1914 , was killed by the earlier strain of the disease in the 1930s.
Cultivation
The tree was introduced to Europe in 1878 by the Späth nurserySpäth nursery
The Späth family created one of the world's most notable plant nurseries of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The nursery had been founded in 1720 by Christoph Späth but removed to the erstwhile district of Baumschulenweg in south-east Berlin in 1863 when Franz Ludwig Späth succeeded his father...
in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, which had obtained it from a German gardener in the employ of the Shah of Persia
Qajar dynasty
The Qajar dynasty was an Iranian royal family of Turkic descent who ruled Persia from 1785 to 1925....
, and was subsequently planted along streets in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
. Bean
William Jackson Bean
William Jackson Bean was a British botanist and plantsman, who was curator of Kew Gardens from 1922 to 1929. He was responsible for some of the present collections of trees and woody plants there....
remarked that the tree succeeded well on the continent (Europe) and in eastern North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
, but was rarely planted in the UK . Introduced to Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
, the tree was marketed in the early 20th century by the Gembrook Nursery near Melbourne and by Searl's Garden Emporium, Sydney, but it is not known whether the tree survives in that country. Despite its susceptibility to the disease, it remains in commercial cultivation in Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
and the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
.
Synonymy
- Narwan: The common name for the tree in Persian, confusingly similar to the local name for the pomegranatePomegranateThe pomegranate , Punica granatum, is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree growing between five and eight meters tall.Native to the area of modern day Iran, the pomegranate has been cultivated in the Caucasus since ancient times. From there it spread to Asian areas such as the Caucasus as...
. - Ulmus densa var. bubyriana: Litv., Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross. 6: 163, no. 1991, t.1, 2, 1908 and Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross. 8: 23, no. 2444, t. 2, 1922 resp. In the latter, Litvinov described it from a cultivated tree in SamarkandSamarkandAlthough a Persian-speaking region, it was not united politically with Iran most of the times between the disintegration of the Seleucid Empire and the Arab conquest . In the 6th century it was within the domain of the Turkic kingdom of the Göktürks.At the start of the 8th century Samarkand came...
- Ulmus turkestanica: RegelEduard August von RegelEduard August von Regel was a German horticulturalist and botanist. He ended his career serving as the Director of the Russian Imperial Botanical Garden of St. Petersburg...
http://asaweb.huh.harvard.edu:8080/databases/botanists?id=100261, in Gartenflora 33: 28. 1884.
Europe
- Boomwekerijen 'De Batterijen', OchtenOchtenOchten is a town in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Neder-Betuwe, and lies about 10 km southwest of Wageningen....
, NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
http://www.treecommerce.com/batterijen/bestel_pagina.asp?Plantnummer=12631&Maatnummer=40454. - Kwekerij Johan Van Herreweghe http://www.plantago.nl/plantindex/kwekers/kwekerijinfo.php?Afkorting=JohanVanHerreweghe, Schellebelle, BelgiumBelgiumBelgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
. - Jacobs Plantencentrum http://www.plantago.nl/plantindex/kwekers/kwekerijinfo.php?Afkorting=JacobsPlant, VenloVenloVenlo is a municipality and a city in the southeastern Netherlands, next to the German border. It is situated in the province of Limburg.In 2001, the municipalities of Belfeld and Tegelen were merged into the municipality of Venlo. Tegelen was originally part of the Duchy of Jülich centuries ago,...
, NetherlandsNetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders... - Kwekerij De Reebock http://www.plantago.nl/plantindex/kwekers/kwekerijinfo.php?Afkorting=DeReebock, ZwalmZwalmZwalm is a municipality located in Flanders and in the Flemish province of East Flanders, in Belgium. The municipality comprises the towns of Beerlegem, Dikkele, Hermelgem, Hundelgem, Meilegem, Munkzwalm, Nederzwalm, Paulatem, Roborst, Rozebeke, Sint-Blasius-Boekel, Sint-Denijs-Boekel and...
, Belgium. - Tuincentrum Semperflorens http://www.plantago.nl/plantindex/kwekers/kwekerijinfo.php?Afkorting=Semperflorens, Roosendaal, Netherlands.
- Tuincentrum Vechtweelde http://www.plantago.nl/plantindex/kwekers/kwekerijinfo.php?Afkorting=Vechtweelde, MaarssenMaarssenMaarssen is a town and former municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht, along the river Vecht. It lies in an area called the Vechtstreek.On January 1, 2011 Maarssen merged with Breukelen and Loenen to Stichtse Vecht....
, Netherlands.