Tiébilé Dramé
Encyclopedia
Tiébilé Dramé is a Mali
an politician
.
Dramé was born in Nioro du Sahel
. He studied at the Ecole normale supérieure in Bamako
before obtaining his Advanced studies diploma (French: Dipôme d'études avancées, DEA, an advanced pre-doctoral degree) in African history from the University of Paris
(I). His political activity began during his studies.
From 1977 to 1980, he was one of leaders of the Malian National Students' Union (Union Nationale des Elèves et Etudiants du Mali, UNEEM), which opposed Moussa Traoré
's regime in Mali. Dramé was imprisoned on several occasions for his opposition to the regime. He then went into exile in Europe, where he worked for Amnesty International
from 1988 to 1991. He conducted surveys on the human rights
situation in West Africa. A militant for the Malian National Congress for Democratic Initiative
(Congrès national d’initiative démocratique, CNID), Dramé returned to Mali when Amadou Toumani Touré
toppled Traoré's regime. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs in the transitional government from 1991 to 1992.
In 1995, he was a consultant for the United Nations
to prepare a human rights survey operation in Burundi
. That same year, in disagreement with Mountaga Tall
, founder of the CNID, he left the party with other militants to found the Party for National Renaissance
(Parti pour la renaissance nationale, PARENA), of which he was elected Secretary-General. In 1996, he was appointed as Minister of Arid and Semi-Arid Zones in Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta
's government.
He was elected to the National Assembly
as a deputy from Nioro du Sahel
in 1997. In November 1999, he became President of PARENA. In 2001, he was elected as President of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA).
He ran in the April 2002 presidential election
and obtained 3.99% of the votes, taking fourth place. On February 18, 2007, he was nominated as the candidate of PARENA for the April 2007 presidential election
. According to official results, Touré won the election by a landslide, while Dramé took third place and 3.04% of the vote. As part of the Front for Democracy and the Republic
, a coalition that also included three other presidential candidates, Dramé disputed the results and sought for the election to be annulled, alleging fraud.
The list on which Dramé was running in Nioro du Sahel in the July 2007 parliamentary election
(together with ADEMA
and the Union for the Republic and Democracy) was rejected by the Constitutional Court, which said that he had multiple birth certificates.
Dramé acted as a United Nations
envoy dealing with the early 2009 political crisis in Madagascar
.
Also a journalist
, Dramé founded the weekly newspaper "The Republican" (Le républicain) in 1992.
Mali
Mali , officially the Republic of Mali , is a landlocked country in Western Africa. Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with...
an politician
Politics
Politics is a process by which groups of people make collective decisions. The term is generally applied to the art or science of running governmental or state affairs, including behavior within civil governments, but also applies to institutions, fields, and special interest groups such as the...
.
Dramé was born in Nioro du Sahel
Nioro du Sahel
Nioro du Sahel often referred to as simply Nioro is a town and commune in the Kayes Region of western Mali, 241 km from the city of Kayes. It is located 275 miles north-west of the capital Bamako...
. He studied at the Ecole normale supérieure in Bamako
Bamako
Bamako is the capital of Mali and its largest city with a population of 1.8 million . Currently, it is estimated to be the fastest growing city in Africa and sixth fastest in the world...
before obtaining his Advanced studies diploma (French: Dipôme d'études avancées, DEA, an advanced pre-doctoral degree) in African history from the University of Paris
University of Paris
The University of Paris was a university located in Paris, France and one of the earliest to be established in Europe. It was founded in the mid 12th century, and officially recognized as a university probably between 1160 and 1250...
(I). His political activity began during his studies.
From 1977 to 1980, he was one of leaders of the Malian National Students' Union (Union Nationale des Elèves et Etudiants du Mali, UNEEM), which opposed Moussa Traoré
Moussa Traoré
General Moussa Traoré is a Malian soldier and politician. As a Lieutenant, he led the military ouster of President Modibo Keïta in 1968. Thereafter he served as Head of State from 1968-1979, and President of Mali from 1979 to 1991, when he was overthrown by popular protests and military coup...
's regime in Mali. Dramé was imprisoned on several occasions for his opposition to the regime. He then went into exile in Europe, where he worked for Amnesty International
Amnesty International
Amnesty International is an international non-governmental organisation whose stated mission is "to conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights, and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated."Following a publication of Peter Benenson's...
from 1988 to 1991. He conducted surveys on the human rights
Human rights
Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...
situation in West Africa. A militant for the Malian National Congress for Democratic Initiative
National Congress for Democratic Initiative
The National Congress for Democratic Initiative is a political party in Mali, founded in 1990 and led by Mountaga Tall.In the first presidential election following the transition to democracy , Mountaga Tali received 11.41% of votes and placed third.In 1995, a group of militants led by Tiébilé...
(Congrès national d’initiative démocratique, CNID), Dramé returned to Mali when Amadou Toumani Touré
Amadou Toumani Touré
Amadou Toumani Touré is the president of Mali. He overthrew a military ruler, Moussa Traoré in 1991, then handed power to civilian authorities the next year...
toppled Traoré's regime. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs in the transitional government from 1991 to 1992.
In 1995, he was a consultant for the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
to prepare a human rights survey operation in Burundi
Burundi
Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...
. That same year, in disagreement with Mountaga Tall
Mountaga Tall
Mountaga Tall is a Malian politician. He is the President of the National Congress for Democratic Initiative and a Deputy in the National Assembly of Mali; he has also served as a member of the Pan-African Parliament....
, founder of the CNID, he left the party with other militants to found the Party for National Renaissance
Party for National Rebirth
The Party for National Rebirth is a Malian political party, created in 1995 by activists from the National Congress for Democratic Initiative . The Party for National Rebirth is headed by Tiébilé Dramé, who ran for the presidency in 2002, gaining 4 % of the votes, coming in fourth place...
(Parti pour la renaissance nationale, PARENA), of which he was elected Secretary-General. In 1996, he was appointed as Minister of Arid and Semi-Arid Zones in Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta
Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta
Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta is a Malian politician. He was Prime Minister of Mali from 1994 to 2000 and President of the National Assembly of Mali from 2002 to 2007. He is currently the President of the Rally for Mali political party....
's government.
He was elected to the National Assembly
National Assembly of Mali
The unicameral National Assembly of Mali is the country's legislative body.The current National Assembly, formed following elections held on 14 and 28 July 2002, has a total of 160 members. 147 members are directly elected in single or multi-member constituencies using the Two-Round system...
as a deputy from Nioro du Sahel
Nioro du Sahel
Nioro du Sahel often referred to as simply Nioro is a town and commune in the Kayes Region of western Mali, 241 km from the city of Kayes. It is located 275 miles north-west of the capital Bamako...
in 1997. In November 1999, he became President of PARENA. In 2001, he was elected as President of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA).
He ran in the April 2002 presidential election
Malian presidential election, 2002
Mali held a presidential election in 2002 to choose the President of Mali. The first round was held on 28 April 2002 and the second round was held on 12 May...
and obtained 3.99% of the votes, taking fourth place. On February 18, 2007, he was nominated as the candidate of PARENA for the April 2007 presidential election
Malian presidential election, 2007
A presidential election was held in Mali on 29 April 2007. President Amadou Toumani Touré ran for re-election against seven other candidates and won in the first round with about 71% of the vote, according to final results.-Pre-campaign:...
. According to official results, Touré won the election by a landslide, while Dramé took third place and 3.04% of the vote. As part of the Front for Democracy and the Republic
Front for Democracy and the Republic
The Front for Democracy and the Republic is an opposition coalition in Mali that fought the presidential election on 29 April 2007 and the parliamentary election of 1 July and 22 July 2007. The FDR is an umbrella organisation, bringing together 16 independent political parties and groups...
, a coalition that also included three other presidential candidates, Dramé disputed the results and sought for the election to be annulled, alleging fraud.
The list on which Dramé was running in Nioro du Sahel in the July 2007 parliamentary election
Malian parliamentary election, 2007
A parliamentary election was held in Mali on 1 July 2007 and 22 July. In the first round, there were about 1,400 candidates for 147 seats in the National Assembly....
(together with ADEMA
Alliance for Democracy in Mali
The Alliance for Democracy in Mali-Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity and Justice is a political party in Mali....
and the Union for the Republic and Democracy) was rejected by the Constitutional Court, which said that he had multiple birth certificates.
Dramé acted as a United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
envoy dealing with the early 2009 political crisis in Madagascar
2009 Malagasy protests
The 2009 Malagasy political crisis involved a series of anti-government demonstrations in Madagascar in early 2009, culminating in military involvement and the accession of opposition leader Andry Rajoelina to the Presidency. The protests began in January 2009 and were aimed at the government of...
.
Also a journalist
Journalist
A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.A reporter is a type of journalist who researchs, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media , electronic media , and digital media A...
, Dramé founded the weekly newspaper "The Republican" (Le républicain) in 1992.